MyMedR

Displaying publications 361 - 380 of 927 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative pathogens: A systematic review

Abubakar U, Al-Anazi M, Alanazi Z, Rodríguez-Baño J

J Infect Public Health, 2023 Mar;16(3):320-331.
PMID: 36657243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.022

BACKGROUND: There is paucity of data describing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance. This review evaluated the changes in the rate of multidrug resistant gram negative and gram positive bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to identify eligible studies. Studies that reported the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitor (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CPE) were selected. Studies published in English language from the start of COVID-19 pandemic to July 2022 were considered for inclusion.
RESULTS: Thirty eligible studies were selected and most of them were from Italy (n = 8), Turkey (n = 3) and Brazil (n = 3). The results indicated changes in the rate of multidrug resistant bacteria, and the changes varied between the studies. Most studies (54.5%) reported increase in MRSA infection/colonization during the pandemic, and the increase ranged from 4.6 to 170.6%. Five studies (55.6%) reported a 6.8-65.1% increase in VRE infection/colonization during the pandemic. A 2.4-58.2% decrease in ESBL E. coli and a 1.8-13.3% reduction in ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed during the pandemic. For CRAB, most studies (58.3%) reported 1.5-621.6% increase in infection/colonization during the pandemic. Overall, studies showed increase in the rate of CRE infection/colonization during the pandemic. There was a reduction in carbapenem-resistant E. coli during COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Most studies (55.6%) showed 10.4 - 40.9% reduction in the rate of CRPA infection during the pandemic.
CONCLUSION: There is an increase in the rate of multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and CRPA has decrease during the pandemic. Both infection prevention and control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship should be strengthen to address the increasing rate of multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in the molecular investigation of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection in an intensive care unit

Alfizah H, Nordiah AJ, Rozaidi WS

Singapore Med J, 2004 May;45(5):214-8.
PMID: 15143356

Serratia marcescens is a well-known cause of nosocomial infections and outbreaks, particularly in immunocompromised patients with severe underlying disease. An outbreak due to S. marcescens infection was detected from 13 to 22 February 2001 at the intensive care unit (ICU) of our institution. We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing to analyse the outbreak strains involved.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext In vitro activity of teicoplanin, vancomycin, A16686, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid against anaerobic bacteria

Hassan H, O'Hare MD, Felmingham D

Singapore Med J, 1990 Feb;31(1):56-8.
PMID: 2139737

The in vitro activity of teicoplanin and A16686, two new glycopeptide antibiotics was determined against 196 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. The activity of teicoplanin and A16686, in comparison with that of vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid was 2 to 16 times higher against the gram positive anaerobes, namely, Propionibacterium acnes, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium species, Peptococcus species and Peptostreptococcus species. However, Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to teicoplanin and A16686 while Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides bivius were found to be sensitive.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Plesiomonas shigelloides associated with diarrhoeal disease in Malaysian children

Lim YS, Young LJ, Balakrishnan S

Singapore Med J, 1987 Dec;28(6):534-6.
PMID: 3441796

Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated from 5 (2.1%) of the 234 children with diarrhoea and none of the 230 controls. In one child, the organism was found in association with Salmonella. Two strains had Shigella sonnei phase I antigen. All the strains were susceptible to the aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole; but resistant to the penicillins. Alkaline peptone water enrichment subcultured to desoxycholale citrate agar proved to be a useful method for isolating this organism from faeces. As the roie of P. shigelloides in causing gastrointestinal disease remains controversial, further studies are necessary to determine its enteropathogenicily.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Endophytic Bacterium Pantoea ananatis are Promising Antimicrobial Agents against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Monowar T, Rahman MS, Bhore SJ, Raju G, Sathasivam KV

Molecules, 2018 Dec 06;23(12).
PMID: 30563220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123220

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important global problems currently confronting the world. Different biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have indicated them to be promising antimicrobial agents. In the present study, extracellular extract of an endophytic bacterium, Pantoea ananatis, was used for synthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV⁻Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Zeta potential. The antimicrobial potential of the AgNPs against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 11632), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and multidrug resistant (MDR) Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 700677), Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 700221) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33592) Escherichia coli (NCTC 13351) was investigated. The synthesized spherical-shaped AgNPs with a size range of 8.06 nm to 91.32 nm exhibited significant antimicrobial activity at 6 μg/disc concentration against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) which were found to be resistant to conventional antibiotics. The synthesized AgNPs showed promising antibacterial efficiency at 10 µg/disc concentration against the MDR strains. The present study suggests that AgNPs synthesized by using the endophytic bacterium P. ananatis are promising antimicrobial agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Antimicrobial activity of gallic acid against thermophilic Campylobacter is strain specific and associated with a loss of calcium ions

Sarjit A, Wang Y, Dykes GA

Food Microbiol, 2015 Apr;46:227-233.
PMID: 25475290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.002

Gallic acid has been suggested as a potential antimicrobial for the control of Campylobacter but its effectiveness is poorly studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of gallic acid against Campylobacter jejuni (n = 8) and Campylobacter coli (n = 4) strains was determined. Gallic acid inhibited the growth of five C. jejuni strains and three C. coli strains (MIC: 15.63-250 μg mL(-1)). Gallic acid was only bactericidal to two C. coli strains (MBC: 125 and 62.5 μg mL(-1)). The mechanism of the bactericidal effect against these two strains (and selected non-susceptible controls) was investigated by determining decimal reduction times and by monitoring the loss of cellular content and calcium ions, and changes in cell morphology. Gallic acid did not result in a loss of cellular content or morphological changes in the susceptible strains as compared to the controls. Gallic acid resulted in a loss of calcium ions (0.58-1.53 μg mL(-1) and 0.54-1.17 μg mL(-1), respectively, over a 180 min period) from the susceptible strains but not the controls. Gallic acid is unlikely to be an effective antimicrobial against Campylobacter in a practical sense unless further interventions to ensure an effective bactericidal mode of action against all strains are developed.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Synthesis and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm inhibitory activity of indolenine-substituted pyrazole and pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives

Yap CH, Ramle AQ, Lim SK, Rames A, Tay ST, Chin SP, et al.

Bioorg Med Chem, 2023 Nov 15;95:117485.
PMID: 37812886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117485

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly adaptable opportunistic pathogen that can form biofilms and generate persister cells, leading to life-threatening infections that are difficult to treat with antibiotics alone. Therefore, there is a need for an effective S. aureus biofilm inhibitor to combat this public health threat. In this study, a small library of indolenine-substituted pyrazoles and pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives were synthesised, of which the hit compound exhibited promising antibiofilm activities against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA ATCC 29213) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA ATCC 33591) at concentrations significantly lower than the planktonic growth inhibition. The hit compound could prevent biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms of MSSA and MRSA, with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) value as low as 1.56 µg/mL and a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) value as low as 6.25 µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the hit compound against MSSA and MRSA were 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against MSSA and MRSA were > 100 µg/mL. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that the fused benzene ring and COOH group of the hit compound are crucial for the antibiofilm activity. Additionally, the compound was not cytotoxic to human alveolar A549 cells, thus highlighting its potential as a suitable candidate for further development as a S. aureus biofilm inhibitor.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Gametocytocidal and sporontocidal effects of primaquine upon two strains of Plasmodium falciparum

Rieckmann KH, McNamara JV, Kass L, Powell RD

Mil Med, 1969 Sep;134(10):802-19.
PMID: 4987059
Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Exploration of the diversity of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Lagos, Nigeria using WGS: Distribution of lineages, drug resistance patterns and genetic mutations

Noorizhab MNF, Zainal Abidin N, Teh LK, Tang TH, Onyejepu N, Kunle-Ope C, et al.

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2023 May;140:102343.
PMID: 37080082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102343

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis (TB) is a major challenge to global TB control. Therefore, accurate tracing of in-country MDR-TB transmission are crucial for the development of optimal TB management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of MTBC in Nigeria. The lineage and drug-resistance patterns of the clinical MTBC isolates of TB patients in Southwestern region of Nigeria were determined using the WGS approach. The phenotypic DST of the isolates was determined for nine anti-TB drugs. The sequencing achieved average genome coverage of 65.99X. The most represented lineages were L4 (n = 52, 83%), L1 (n = 8, 12%), L2 (n = 2, 3%) and L5 (n = 1, 2%), suggesting a diversified MTB population. In term of detection of M/XDR-TB, while mutations in katG and rpoB genes are the strong predictors for the presence of M/XDR-TB, the current study also found the lack of good genetic markers for drug resistance amongst the MTBC in Nigeria which may pose greater problems on local tuberculosis management efforts. This high-resolution molecular epidemiological data provides valuable insights into the mechanistic for M/XDR TB in Lagos, Nigeria.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Survey of Staphylococcus isolates among hospital personnel, environment and their antibiogram with special emphasis on methicillin resistance

Shobha KL, Rao PS, Thomas J

Indian J Med Microbiol, 2005 Jul;23(3):186-8.
PMID: 16100427

The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. carriage among hospital personnel and hospital environment and their antibiogram with special emphasis on methicillin resistance. A total of 205 samples from hospital personnel and environment were collected from casualty, oncology and multidisciplinary cardiac unit ward of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal. Samples were collected using sterile cotton wool swabs and inoculated into brain heart infusion broth. Subcultures were done onto blood agar and MacConkey's agar. Isolates were identified by standard methods up to species level. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to standardized disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer method. Each of the isolates was screened for methicillin resistance using oxacillin disc on Mueller Hinton agar plate followed by MIC for methicillin and cefoxitin susceptibility test by disc diffusion method. Sixty five out of 205 strains (31.7%) were Staphylococcus spp. and all of them were coagulase negative. Most of the strains belonged to S.epidermidis 49.23% (32/65) followed by S. saprophyticus 26.15% (17/65). Maximum isolates of S.epidermidis were from anterior nares 28.12% (9/32 strains of S.epidermidis). Highest number of methicillin resistant coagulase negative strains (3/9, 33.33%) were isolated from stethoscope of multidisciplinary cardiac unit ward followed by carriers in the anterior nares (2/9, 22.22%). Methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci are prevalent in anterior nares of hospital personnel and in the hospital environment thereby providing a definite source for hospital acquired infection. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Antimicrobial susceptibility of Leptospira spp. isolated from environmental, human and animal sources in Malaysia

Benacer D, Zain SN, Ooi PT, Thong KL

Indian J Med Microbiol, 2017 Jan-Mar;35(1):124-128.
PMID: 28303833 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_15_458

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of isolates obtained from different hosts. A total of 65 Leptospira isolates from humans (n = 1), zoonoses (rat, n = 60; dog, n = 1; swine, n = 1) and environment (n = 2) were tested against six antibiotics. All the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole and had high MIC toward chloramphenicol (MIC90: 6.25 μg/ml). All except one environment isolate were sensitive to ampicillin, doxycycline and penicillin G.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. A Malaysian medicinal plant

Farouk AE, Benafri A

Saudi Med J, 2007 Sep;28(9):1422-4.
PMID: 17768473

Objective: To evaluate methanolic, ethanolic, acetone and aqueous extracts from different parts of Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) (leave, stem, and root) for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to utilize the leaves and stem parts rather than the root, which is already used for male sexual enhancement in Malaysia.

Methods: The study took place in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Biotechnology Engineering Department, Malaysia between January 2005 and June 2006. Methanolic, ethanolic, acetone and aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and roots of E. longifolia were investigated for their antibacterial properties using Agar-well diffusion method.

Results: The alcoholic and acetone extracts of the leaves and stem extracts were active on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria except against 2 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi). The root extracts had no antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. Aqueous leaves extract showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marscesens.

Conclusion: The alcoholic and acetone extracts from leaves and stems of E. longifolia contain potent antibacterial agent(s). This plant can serve as a potential source of antibacterial compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Geographical patterns of in vitro susceptibilities to tigecycline and colistin among worldwide isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Data from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) programme, 2016-2021

Wang JL, Lai CC, Ko WC, Hsueh PR

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2023 Sep;62(3):106930.
PMID: 37490959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106930

This study aimed to investigate the geographical trends of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for tigecycline and colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates which were collected for the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) programme from 2016-2021. MICs of the isolates were determined using the broth microdilution method. In the study period, there was an increase in MIC50 and MIC90 values in Asia for tigecycline MICs in A. baumannii isolates, and the geometric mean of MICs increased significantly from 0.51-0.96 (R2 value of 0.912). The isolates in Europe and Latin America also showed an increase in the geometric mean, but the percentage of MIC values ≤ 2 mg/L decreased from 99.7% to 86.7% in Asia. Among the Asian countries studied, China (90.9%), Thailand (94.3%), and Malaysia (95.5%) showed the lower percentages of tigecycline MIC values ≤0.5 mg/L for E. coli isolates. In terms of colistin susceptibility among A. baumannii isolates, there was no increase in MIC50/ MIC90 or the geometric mean from 2016-2021. Compared to other continents, A. baumannii isolates in Europe had the highest MIC50 (0.5 mg/L), MIC90 (2 mg/L), and geometric mean (0.55 mg/L). For E. coli, the percentage of colistin MIC values ≤2 mg/L was consistently >98% in the study areas from 2016-2021. Among K. pneumoniae isolates, Europe and Latin America had higher geometric means of MICs (0.41 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively) and lower percentages of colistin MICs ≤2 mg/L than those in the other continents.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Antioxidant, Volatile Compounds; Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Dermatoprotective Properties of Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti Ex Carriere Essential Oil: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations

El Hachlafi N, Mrabti HN, Al-Mijalli SH, Jeddi M, Abdallah EM, Benkhaira N, et al.

Molecules, 2023 Aug 06;28(15).
PMID: 37570883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155913

Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carriere is an endemic tree possessing valuable health benefits which has been widely used since time immemorial in international traditional pharmacopoeia. The aim of this exploratory investigation is to determine the volatile compounds of C. atlantica essential oils (CAEOs) and to examine their in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and dermatoprotective properties. In silico simulations, including molecular docking and pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and drug-likeness prediction were used to reveal the processes underlying in vitro biological properties. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used for the chemical screening of CAEO. The antioxidant activity of CAEO was investigated using four in vitro complementary techniques, including ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging activity, ferric reductive power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (β-carotene test). Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition and tyrosinase inhibitory assays were used for testing the anti-inflammatory and dermatoprotective properties. GC-MS analysis indicated that the main components of CAEO are β-himachalene (28.99%), α-himachalene (14.43%), and longifolene (12.2%). An in vitro antimicrobial activity of CAEO was examined against eleven strains of Gram-positive bacteria (three strains), Gram-negative bacteria (four strains), and fungi (four strains). The results demonstrated high antibacterial and antifungal activity against ten of them (>15 mm zone of inhibition) using the disc-diffusion assay. The microdilution test showed that the lowest values of MIC and MBC were recorded with the Gram-positive bacteria in particular, which ranged from 0.0625 to 0.25 % v/v for MIC and from 0.5 to 0.125 % v/v for MBC. The MIC and MFC of the fungal strains ranged from 0.5 to 4.0% (MIC) and 0.5 to 8.0% v/v (MFC). According to the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios, CAEO has bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The results of the in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that CAEO possesses remarkable antioxidant activity. The inhibitory effects on 5-LOX and tyrosinase enzymes was also significant (p < 0.05). ADMET investigation suggests that the main compounds of CAEO possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties. These findings provide scientific validation of the traditional uses of this plant and suggest its potential application as natural drugs.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
In vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii to five antifungal drugs

Tay ST, Tanty Haryanty T, Ng KP, Rohani MY, Hamimah H

Mycoses, 2006 Jul;49(4):324-30.
PMID: 16784448

The in vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and C . gattii to five antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole) were determined using the Etest method. None of the Malaysian isolates was resistant to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Isolates resistant to flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole were observed in this study. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of > or = 32 microg ml(-1) against flucytosine, > or = 64 microg ml(-1) against fluconazole and > or = 1 microg ml(-1) against itraconazole were noted in four (8.3%), two (4.2%) and one (2.1%) isolates respectively. There was no significant difference in the MICs for both Cryptococcus species (P > 0.05), indicating that C. gattii was as susceptible as var. grubii to all the antifungal drugs tested. No significant difference in the MICs for both Cryptococcus species collected from 1980 to 1990 and 2002 to 2004 were observed (P > 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolated in Malaysia

Thong KL, Hoe CH, Koh YT, Yasin RM

J Health Popul Nutr, 2002 Dec;20(4):356-8.
PMID: 12659418
Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Green synthesis of chitosan/silver nanocomposite using kaempferol for triple negative breast cancer therapy and antibacterial activity

Bharathi D, Ranjithkumar R, Nandagopal JGT, Djearamane S, Lee J, Wong LS

Environ Res, 2023 Dec 01;238(Pt 1):117109.
PMID: 37696324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117109

The synthesis of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles is a growing field of area due to their long-term uses in the development of new technologies. The present study describes the synthesis of chitosan/silver nanocomposite using kaempferol for anticancer and bactericidal activity. The formation of Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite was confirmed by the development of a brown color and UV-absorbance around 438 nm. The IR study was utilized to determine the existence of Kf and CS in the synthesized nanocomposite. TEM analysis demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposite have a predominantly uniform spherical shape and size ranges 7-10 nm. EDX spectrum showed the existence of Ag, C, and N elements in the nanocomposite material. Further, Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite exhibited potential in vitro inhibitory property against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and their IC50 values was found to be 53 μg/mL. Moreover, fluorescent assays such as DAPI and AO/EtBr confirmed the apoptosis induction ability of Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite in MDA-MB-231 cells. The synthesized Kf-CS/Ag nanocomposite showed significant and dose-depended antibacterial property against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Thus, the obtained findings demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposite can be potentially used to improve human health as biocidal nanocomposite in biomedical sectors.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Characterization of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolates from Asymptomatic Migrant Food Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia

Woh PY, Thong KL, Behnke JM, Lewis JW, Zain SNM

J Food Prot, 2017 Aug;80(8):1378-1383.
PMID: 28722485 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-342

Asymptomatic Salmonella carriers who work as food handlers pose food safety and public health risks, particularly during food preparation, and this has serious implications for the disease burden in society. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the number of Salmonella carriers in a migrant cohort in several food establishments in three major cities in Peninsular Malaysia. Sociodemographic data and stool samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods of detection and isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the positive samples were also performed. A total of 317 migrant food handlers, originating from South and Southeast Asian countries, were recruited voluntarily. Nine (2.8%) stool samples were confirmed to be Salmonella positive. PCR serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified four serotypes as Typhimurium (n = 3), Corvallis (n = 2), Hadar (n = 1), Agona (n = 1) and two unknown serovars. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all nine isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and gentamycin. However, seven isolates were found to be multidrug resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamides, streptomycin, and tetracycline. This study highlights that carriers of nontyphoidal Salmonella exist among migrant food handlers, which poses a health risk to consumers through food contamination. Our results indicate a need for authorities to enhance food safety awareness in the migrant workers and to reevaluate current health screening methods to include preventive measure such as mandatory stool screening as part of the preemployment and routine health examinations.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Prevalence, antibiogram, and cdt genes of toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in salad style vegetables (ulam) at farms and retail outlets in Terengganu

Khalid MI, Tang JY, Baharuddin NH, Rahman NS, Rahimi NF, Radu S

J Food Prot, 2015 Jan;78(1):65-71.
PMID: 25581179 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-109

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Fulltext Virtual Screening and ADMET Prediction to Uncover the Potency of Flavonoids from Genus Erythrina as Antibacterial Agent through Inhibition of Bacterial ATPase DNA Gyrase B

Akili AWR, Hardianto A, Latip J, Permana A, Herlina T

Molecules, 2023 Dec 08;28(24).
PMID: 38138500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248010

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to the widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics has now become the global health challenge. Flavonoids have long been reported to be a potent antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. Therefore, new antibiotics development based on flavonoid structures could be a potential strategy to fight against antibiotic-resistant infections. This research aims to screen the potency of flavonoids of the genus Erythrina as an inhibitor of bacterial ATPase DNA gyrase B. From the 378 flavonoids being screened, 49 flavonoids show potential as an inhibitor of ATPase DNA gyrase B due to their lower binding affinity compared to the inhibitor and ATP. Further screening for their toxicity, we identified 6 flavonoids from these 49 flavonoids, which are predicted to have low toxicity. Among these flavonoids, erystagallin B (334) is predicted to have the best pharmacokinetic properties, and therefore, could be further developed as new antibacterial agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links