Displaying publications 361 - 380 of 2693 in total

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  1. Effects of a high-salt diet on MAP and expression levels of renal ENaCs and aquaporins in SHR
    Ramachandran CD, Gholami K, Lam SK, Hoe SZ
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2023 Oct;248(20):1768-1779.
    PMID: 37828834 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231198085
    An increase in blood pressure by a high-salt (HS) diet may change the expression levels of renal epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) and aquaporins (AQPs). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to HS and regular-salt (RS) diets for 6 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were determined. Expression of mRNA levels of ENaCs and AQPs were quantified by real-time PCR. The MAP was higher in SHRs on the HS diet. Plasma Ang II and aldosterone levels were low while plasma ANP level was high in both strains of rats. Renal expression of mRNA levels of α-, β-, and γ-ENaCs was lowered in SHRs on the HS diet. Meanwhile, renal AQP1, AQP2, and AQP7 mRNA expression levels were lowered in both strains of rats on the HS diet. Suppression of mRNA expression levels of ENaC and AQP subunits suggests that the high-salt-induced increase in the MAP of SHR may not be solely due to renal sodium and water retention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats
  2. Therapeutic evaluation and metabolic reprograming of isosteviol sodium in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy
    Cao Y, Lu Z, Wang D, Tan KS, Liu W, Wu Q, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2021 Nov 15;911:174539.
    PMID: 34599913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174539
    Ischemia heart disease, one of the lethal cardiovascular diseases, irreversibly impairs cardiac function and is recognized as the primary risk factor for mortality in industrialized countries. The myocardial ischemia treatment still faces a considerable degree of increasing unmet needs. Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) and its derivatives have been proven to effectively alleviate metabolic diseases, hypertension, and heart hypertrophy. Little is known about how STVNa confers the cardioprotective effect during acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). In the present study, a rat model of acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial ischemia by left anterior descending (LAD) ligation was established. Compared to the AMI model group, STVNa administration (4 mg/kg, twice a day) well preserved left ventricle function by ejection fraction (45.10 ± 10.39 vs. 73.64 ± 13.15, p = 0.0013) and fractional shortening (22.94 ± 6.28 vs. 44.00 ± 11.05, p = 0.0017). Further analysis shows that high-dose STVNa (4 mg/kg) significantly improved the hemodynamics in AMI rats, with LVSP (88.25 ± 12.78 vs 99.75 ± 5.10, p = 0.018), max dP/dt (2978.45 ± 832.46 vs 4048.56 ± 827.23, p = 0.096), LVEDP (19.88 ± 2.00 vs 22.26 ± 3.21, p = 0.04) and left ventricular relaxation time constant (Tau) (0.030 ± 0.006 vs 0.021 ± 0.004, p = 0.021). Mechanically, STVNa administration retained the myocardial levels of phosphorylated AMPK, and CPT1b. Moreover, STVNa significantly increased the total energy expenditure, and reduced fatty acid accumulation through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which was supported by the indirect calorimetry and cellular energy analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that STVNa is a potential cardioprotection agent for ischemic cardiomyopathy, likely through improving energy homeostasis, left ventricular hemodynamics, and heart function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley*; Rats
  3. Fulltext The Effects of Pre-emptive Administration of Ketamine and norBNI on Pain Behavior, c-Fos, and Prodynorphin Protein Expression in the Rat Spinal Cord after Formalin-induced Pain Is Modulated by the DREAM Protein
    Long I, Suppian R, Ismail Z
    Korean J Pain, 2013 Jul;26(3):255-64.
    PMID: 23861999 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2013.26.3.255
    We investigated the effects of pre-emptive administration of ketamine and norBNI on pain behavior and the expression of DREAM, c-Fos, and prodynorphin proteins on the ipsilateral side of the rat spinal cord at 2 and 4 hours after formalin injection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  4. Fulltext Bioactivity-guided isolation of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, an anti-inflammatory constituent, from Kaempferia galanga L. extracts
    Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Atangwho IJ, Yam MF, Altaf R, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 Jul 23;17(7):8720-34.
    PMID: 22825623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078720
    This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Kaempferia galanga (KG) using an activity-guided approach. KG rhizomes were serially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. These extracts (2 g/kg each) were tested for their ability to inhibit carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The chloroform extract was found to exert the highest inhibition (42.9%) compared to control (p < 0.001), hence it was further fractionated by washing serially with hexane, hexane-chloroform (1:1) and chloroform. The chloroform fraction (1 g/kg) showed the highest inhibitory effect (51.9%, (p < 0.001), on carrageenan-induced edema. This chloroform fraction was further fractionated with hexane-chloroform (1:3) and chloroform, and of the two fractions, the hexane-chloroform sub-fraction was the most effective in inhibiting edema (53.7%, p < 0.001). GC-MS analysis of the active sub-fraction identified ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) as the major component, which was re-crystallized. EPMC dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-induced edema with an MIC of 100 mg/kg. Moreover, in an in vitro study, EPMC non-selectively inhibited the activities of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, with IC₅₀ values of 1.12 µM and 0.83 µM respectively. These results validate the anti-inflammatory activity of KG which may be exerted by the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. EPMC isolated from this plant may be the active anti-inflammatory agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  5. Screening of stepping forces in an arthritic rat model using a novel analgesic meter and data acquisition system
    Yam MF, Ahmad M, Por LY, Ang LF, Basir R, Asmawi MZ
    Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(7):9603-12.
    PMID: 23012561
    The stepping forces of normal and Freund Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rats were studied in vivo using a proposed novel analgesic meter. An infrared charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a data acquisition system were incorporated into the analgesic meter to determine and measure the weight of loads on the right hind paw before and after induction of arthritis by FCA injection into the paw cavity. FCA injection resulted in a significant reduction in the stepping force of the affected hind paw. The stepping force decreased to the minimum level on day 4 after the injection and then gradually increased up to day 25. Oral administration of prednisolone significantly increased the stepping forces of FCA-induced arthritic rats on days 14 and 21. These results suggest that the novel device is an effective tool for measuring the arthritic pain in in vivo studies even though walking is a dynamic condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  6. Fulltext Determination of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Javanica and Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae as the persistent Leptospira serovars circulating in the urban rat populations in Peninsular Malaysia
    Benacer D, Mohd Zain SN, Sim SZ, Mohd Khalid MK, Galloway RL, Souris M, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2016;9:117.
    PMID: 26927873 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1400-1
    Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic in tropical countries, including Malaysia. Over the last decade, a dramatic increase of human cases was reported; however, information on the primary vector, the rat, and the Leptospira serovars circulating among the rat population is limited. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate Leptospira and characterise the serovars circulating in the urban rat populations from selected main cities in Peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  7. Fulltext Minimally Invasive Techniques to Accelerate the Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies
    Qamruddin I, Alam MK, Khamis MF, Husein A
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:608530.
    PMID: 26881201 DOI: 10.1155/2015/608530
    To evaluate various noninvasive and minimally invasive procedures for the enhancement of orthodontic tooth movement in animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  8. Metabolic alteration in obese diabetes rats upon treatment with Centella asiatica extract
    Maulidiani, Abas F, Khatib A, Perumal V, Suppaiah V, Ismail A, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2016 Mar 2;180:60-9.
    PMID: 26775274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.001
    'Pegaga' is a traditional Malay remedy for a wide range of complaints. Among the 'pegaga', Centella asiatica has been used as a remedy for diabetes mellitus. Thus, we decided to validate this claim by evaluating the in vivo antidiabetic property of C. asiatica (CA) on T2DM rat model using the holistic (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  9. Intraspecific variation of Taenia taeniaeformis as determined by various criteria
    Azuma H, Okamoto M, Oku Y, Kamiya M
    Parasitol Res, 1995;81(2):103-8.
    PMID: 7731915
    The intraspecific variation of four laboratory-reared isolates of Taenia taeniaformis the SRN and KRN isolates from Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, captured in Japan and Malaysia, respectively; the BMM isolated from a house mouse, Mus musculus, captured in Belgium; and the ACR isolate from a gray red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae, captured in Japan was examined by various criteria. Eggs of each of the four isolates were orally inoculated into several species of intermediate host. They were most infective to the rodent species from which the original metacestode of each isolate had been isolated in the field, and only the ACR isolate was infective to the gray red-backed vole. Although little difference was found between the SRN, KRN, and BMM isolates by the other criteria, including the morphology of rostellar hooks, the protein composition of the metacestode, and restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA, the ACR isolate was clearly different from the others. It was considered that the ACR isolate was independent as a strain distinct from the other three isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar/parasitology; Rats/parasitology*
  10. [Nematode parasites of rodents in Malaysia. II. Trichostrongyloidea]
    Ow Yang CK, Durette-Desset MC, Ohbayashi M
    Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1983;58(5):467-92.
    PMID: 6660796
    Many trichostrongyloid species parasitizing rodents in Malaysia were described in 1967 in a thesis that was never published. Some of these species have since been redescribed sometimes with, sometimes without reference to the thesis. The remaining species are redescribed using information given in the thesis and certain additional morphological data (in particular, the synlophe) taken from study of the paratypes. The species are reclassified according to criteria established in the most recent classification. The following genera are proposed: Brevistriatinae: - Macrostrongylus n. gen. characterized by a caudal bursa of Calypsostrongylus type and absence of synlophe. Nippostrongylinae: - Malaistrongylus n. gen. characterized by a synlophe of Heligmonoides type but with a larger number of ridges and by the fusion of rays 4 and 5 in the caudal bursa. - Rattus strongylus n. gen. characterized by small, subequal dorsal left ridges and a total number of ridges less than 20. - Sabanema n. gen. characterized by small subequal dorsal left ridges and a total number of ridges greater than 30. The species under consideration are the following: Hepatojarakus malayae Yeh, 1955; Pithecostrongylus bicapitatus n. sp. (= P. bicapitatus Ow Yang, 1967, in litt); Macrostrongylus ratti n. gen., n. sp. (= Macrostrongylus ratti Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Calypsostrongylus malayensis Durette-Desset, 1976 (= Brevistriata malayensis Ow Yang, 1967, in litt); Fissicauda callosciuri (Supperer et Kutzer, 1964); Fissicauda brevispicula n. sp. (= Brevistriata brevispicula Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914); Orientostrongylus tenorai Durette-Desset, 1970 (= Longistriata selangora Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); O. krishnansamyi Durette-Desset et Lim-Boo-Liat, 1974 (= Longistriata malaccae Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Heligmonoides bulbosus n. sp. (= Heligmonina (Heligmonoides) bulbosa Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Heligmonoides lanceolatus n. sp. (= Heligmonina (Heligmonoides) lanceolata Ow Yang 1967, in litt.); Malaistrongylus odontospicularis n. gen., n. sp. (= Malaistrongylus odontospicularis Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Paraheligmonelloides triangulus n. sp. (= Longistriata triangulum Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); P. annandalei n. sp. (= Longistriata annandalei Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); P. rajah n. sp. (= Heligmonina (Heligmonoides) rajah Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Rattustrongylus odontoconus n. gen., n. sp. (= Longistriata odontocona Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); R. rotundoconus n. sp. (= Longistriata rotundocona Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Sabanema sabana n. gen., n. sp. (= Longistriata sabana Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); S. kepongi n. sp. (= Longistriata kepongi Ow Yang,
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  11. Nutritive value and toxicity of Sauropus albicans, a Malaysian leafy vegetable
    Yu Swee Yean, Cheah Chooi Hwa
    Food Nutr (Roma), 1979;5(1):38.
    PMID: 520634
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  12. Two new species of Leptotrombidium (Ascarina, Trombiculidae) from Malaysia
    Vercammen-Grandjean PH, Langston RL
    J Med Entomol, 1971 Oct 30;8(4):450-3.
    PMID: 5159261
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  13. Fulltext Histological changes of female reproductive organs subjected to different jumping exercise intensities and honey supplementation in rats
    Mosavat M, Mohamed M, Ooi FK, Mirsanjari M, Mat Zin AA, Che Romli A
    PeerJ, 2019;7:e7646.
    PMID: 31565571 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7646
    Background: We assessed histopathological changes of ovaries and uterus in female rats subjected to different jumping exercise intensities combined with honey supplementation at one g/kg body weight/day.

    Methods: A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, 12 rats in each: control (C), 20 and 80 jumps (20E, 80E), honey (H), and 20 and 80 jump with honey (20EH, 80EH).

    Results: The endometrium was significantly thicker in the rats in H, 20EH and 80EH groups compared to C, 20E, and 80E. The myometrium thickness was significantly lower in 80E and significantly higher in 80EH compared to C, respectively. There was significantly higher myometrium thickness in 20EH and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E and H. The number of glands of the uterus in 20E and 80E was significantly lower than C. However, there was a significantly higher number of glands in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E. The numbers of uterus vessels were significantly lower in 80E compared to 20E. However, the numbers of vessels were significantly higher in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 80E. The number of ovarian haemorregia was significantly lower in 20E, 80E, H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to C. The number of corpora lutea was significantly lower in 80EH, H, 80E, and 20E compared to C. However, the number of corpora lutea was significantly higher in 20EH compared to J20 and H.

    Conclusion: This study suggested that jumping exercises in particularly high-intensity exercise may induce histopathological changes in uterus and ovary in rats, and honey supplementation may ameliorate these effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  14. Ultrastructure of the cyst wall of Sarcocystis spp. from some rodents in Malaysia
    Kan SP
    Int J Parasitol, 1979 Oct;9(5):475-80.
    PMID: 118943
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  15. Fulltext Characterization of the mitogenomes of long-tailed giant rat, Leopoldamys sabanus and a comparative analysis with other Leopoldamys species
    Jahari PNS, Mohd Azman S, Munian K, Ahmad Ruzman NH, Shamsir MS, Richter SR, et al.
    Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2021 Feb 11;6(2):502-504.
    PMID: 33628904 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1872433
    Two mitogenomes of long-tailed giant rat, Leopoldamys sabanus (Thomas, 1887), which belongs to the family Muridae were sequenced and assembled in this study. Both mitogenomes have a length of 15,973 bp and encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one control region. The circular molecule of L. sabanus has a typical vertebrate gene arrangement. Phylogenetic and BLASTn analysis using 10 Leopoldamys species mitogenomes revealed sequence variation occurred within species from different time zones. Along with the taxonomic issues, this suggests a landscape change might influence genetic connectivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  16. Concise synthesis of the vasorelaxant alkaloids schwarzinicines A and B
    Lee FK, Krishnan P, Muhamad A, Low YY, Kam TS, Ting KN, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2021 Mar 22.
    PMID: 33749454 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1903005
    A concise synthesis of the 1,4-diarylbutanoid-phenethylamine alkaloids, schwarzinicines A (1) and B (2), recently isolated from Ficus schwarzii, is reported. Key steps include a Claisen condensation to assemble the 1,4-diaryl-2-butanone intermediate, followed by a reductive amination to furnish the core skeleton of the target compounds. The overall synthetic yields of 1 and 2 were 9.1% and 3.5%, respectively. Synthetic (-)-1, (+)-1 and (±)-1 exhibited comparable vasorelaxation as natural schwarzinicine A on rat isolated aortic rings, suggesting that the observed vasorelaxant effects were not influenced by the chirality at C-2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  17. Riboflavin content of foods
    Leong PC
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:104-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  18. Screening and genotyping of Orientia tsutsugamushi from field-collected on-host chiggers (Acari: Prostigmata) recovered from a positive scrub typhus locality in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Ernieenor FCL, NorJaiza MJ, Fadillah A, Canedy J, Mariana A
    Exp Appl Acarol, 2021 May;84(1):171-182.
    PMID: 33826009 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00609-3
    Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus vectored by larval stages of trombiculid mites (chiggers) that occur in most tropical regions of Southeast Asia. A total of 242 chiggers extracted from eight small mammals captured from a positive scrub typhus locality in Kelantan, Malaysia, were screened for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi. The chiggers were grouped in 16 pools for extraction of DNA prior to screening of O. tsutsugamushi based on the nucleotide sequence of 56-kDa type specific antigen (TSA) gene using nested polymerase chain reaction. Two species of on-host chiggers were identified, the one, Leptotrombidium deliense, much more dominant (94.8%) than the other, Ascoshoengastia sp. (5.2%). The pathogen was detected in two pools (12.5%) of L. deliense recovered from Rattus rattus and Tupaia sp. The 56-kDa TSA gene sequence analysis revealed the O. tsutsugamushi harboured in those chiggers were Karp prototype strain with high similarity (99.3%). Findings of this study strongly supported the existence of scrub typhus infections in certain parts of Malaysia which agrees with previous local reports. Moreover, this study highlighted the pressing need of a large-scale close observation of O. tsutsugamushi DNA sequences from chiggers that can probably be collected from other positive scrub typhus localities to precisely provide the distribution and prevalence of this zoonotic pathogen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  19. Phytochemical survey of Malaysian plants preliminary chemical and pharmacological screening
    Nakanishi K, Sasaki S, Kiang AK, Goh J, Kakisawa H, Ohashi M, et al.
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1965 Jul;13(7):882-90.
    PMID: 5867816
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats
  20. Fulltext Cell viability in three ex vivo rat models of spinal cord injury
    Patar A, Dockery P, Howard L, McMahon SS
    J Anat, 2019 02;234(2):244-251.
    PMID: 30417349 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12909
    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder that has a poor prognosis of recovery. Animal models of SCI are useful to understand the pathophysiology of SCI and the potential use of therapeutic strategies for human SCI. Ex vivo models of central nervous system (CNS) trauma, particularly mechanical trauma, have become important tools to complement in vivo models of injury in order to reproduce the sequelae of human CNS injury. Ex vivo organotypic slice cultures (OSCs) provide a reliable model platform for the study of cell dynamics and therapeutic intervention following SCI. In addition, these ex vivo models support the 3R concept of animal use in SCI research - replacement, reduction and refinement. Ex vivo models cannot be used to monitor functional recovery, nor do they have the intact blood supply of the in vivo model systems. However, the ex vivo models appear to reproduce many of the post traumatic events including acute and secondary injury mechanisms. Several well-established OSC models have been developed over the past few years for experimental spinal injuries ex vivo in order to understand the biological response to injury. In this study, we investigated cell viability in three ex vivo OSC models of SCI: stab injury, transection injury and contusion injury. Injury was inflicted in postnatal day 4 rat spinal cord slices. Stab injury was performed using a needle on transverse slices of spinal cord. Transection injury was performed on longitudinal slices of spinal cord using a double blade technique. Contusion injury was performed on longitudinal slices of spinal cord using an Infinite Horizon impactor device. At days 3 and 10 post-injury, viability was measured using dual staining for propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate. In all ex vivo SCI models, the slices showed more live cells than dead cells over 10 days in culture, with higher cell viability in control slices compared with injured slices. Although no change in cell viability was observed between time-points in stab- and contusion-injured OSCs, a reduction in cell viability was observed over time in transection-injured OSCs. Taken together, ex vivo SCI models are a useful and reliable research tool that reduces the cost and time involved in carrying out animal studies. The use of OSC models provides a simple way to study the cellular consequences following SCI, and they can also be used to investigate potential therapeutics regimes for the treatment of SCI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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