Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 160 in total

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  1. Fulltext The heterospecific calling song can improve conspecific signal detection in a bushcricket species
    Abdelatti ZAS, Hartbauer M
    Hear Res, 2017 11;355:70-80.
    PMID: 28974384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.09.011
    In forest clearings of the Malaysian rainforest, chirping and trilling Mecopoda species often live in sympatry. We investigated whether a phenomenon known as stochastic resonance (SR) improved the ability of individuals to detect a low-frequent signal component typical of chirps when members of the heterospecific trilling species were simultaneously active. This phenomenon may explain the fact that the chirping species upholds entrainment to the conspecific song in the presence of the trill. Therefore, we evaluated the response probability of an ascending auditory neuron (TN-1) in individuals of the chirping Mecopoda species to triple-pulsed 2, 8 and 20 kHz signals that were broadcast 1 dB below the hearing threshold while increasing the intensity of either white noise or a typical triller song. Our results demonstrate the existence of SR over a rather broad range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of input signals when periodic 2 kHz and 20 kHz signals were presented at the same time as white noise. Using the chirp-specific 2 kHz signal as a stimulus, the maximum TN-1 response probability frequently exceeded the 50% threshold if the trill was broadcast simultaneously. Playback of an 8 kHz signal, a common frequency band component of the trill, yielded a similar result. Nevertheless, using the trill as a masker, the signal-related TN-1 spiking probability was rather variable. The variability on an individual level resulted from correlations between the phase relationship of the signal and syllables of the trill. For the first time, these results demonstrate the existence of SR in acoustically-communicating insects and suggest that the calling song of heterospecifics may facilitate the detection of a subthreshold signal component in certain situations. The results of the simulation of sound propagation in a computer model suggest a wide range of sender-receiver distances in which the triller can help to improve the detection of subthreshold signals in the chirping species.
  2. Effectiveness of foot massage on selected physiological parameters among patients with acute coronary syndrome
    Sagheer ZS, Dawood HA
    Curr Probl Cardiol, 2024 Aug 11;49(11):102780.
    PMID: 39137879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102780
    BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome characterizes the spectrum of myocardial ischemia states, which include non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (MI), and angina.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of foot massage on selected physiological parameters among patients with acute coronary syndrome.

    METHODS: A quasi- experimental study was conducted in Karbala center for cardiac diseases and surgery from December 25th, 2023, to May 7th, 2024. A nonprobability purposive sampling consisted of 60 patients with acute coronary syndrome in the intervention group were instructed to performed four-step foot massage similarly 5 min for each foot. While patients in the control group just received routine medical treatment. The physiological parameters were checked in the two groups before, after 5 min, and 10 min after the foot massage. The study instrument consisted of two main parts: part one included patient's socio demographics and clinical data, and the second part was used to assess the physiological parameters. Statistical tests were conducted using the software SPSS, version 24, with a level of significance of 5 % (p value <0.05).

    RESULTS: that are a significant statistical differences between the mean of the selected physiological parameters readings for the study group except reading of pulse pressure, while there is no significant statistical difference between the mean of the readings of the selected physiological parameters for the control group except the reading of heart rate.

    CONCLUSION: The study found that the foot massage is effective for improving the blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure.

  3. A novel biological recovery approach for PHA employing selective digestion of bacterial biomass in animals
    Ong SY, Zainab-L I, Pyary S, Sudesh K
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2018 Mar;102(5):2117-2127.
    PMID: 29404644 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8788-9
    Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a family of microbial polyesters that is completely biodegradable and possesses the mechanical and thermal properties of some commonly used petrochemical-based plastics. Therefore, PHA is attractive as a biodegradable thermoplastic. It has always been a challenge to commercialize PHA due to the high cost involved in the biosynthesis of PHA via bacterial fermentation and the subsequent purification of the synthesized PHA from bacterial cells. Innovative enterprise by researchers from various disciplines over several decades successfully reduced the cost of PHA production through the efficient use of cheap and renewable feedstock, precisely controlled fermentation process, and customized bacterial strains. Despite the fact that PHA yields have been improved tremendously, the recovery and purification processes of PHA from bacterial cells remain exhaustive and require large amounts of water and high energy input besides some chemicals. In addition, the residual cell biomass ends up as waste that needs to be treated. We have found that some animals can readily feed on the dried bacterial cells that contain PHA granules. The digestive system of the animals is able to assimilate the bacterial cells but not the PHA granules which are excreted in the form of fecal pellets, thus resulting in partial recovery and purification of PHA. In this mini-review, we will discuss this new concept of biological recovery, the selection of the animal model for biological recovery, and the properties and possible applications of the biologically recovered PHA.
  4. Fulltext Amlodipine-induced buccal lichenoid lesions: A case report
    Muhammad Hafiz MP, Azidah AK, Zainab MY
    Malays Fam Physician, 2024;19:17.
    PMID: 38623417 DOI: 10.51866/cr.531
    Buccal lichenoid lesions (BLLs) are characterised by a unique, linear whitish striation in the buccal region and can be accompanied by ulcers, plaques, erythemas, atrophies and blisters. They are distinguished from oral lichen planus (OLP) by the association of the administration of a drug or contact with a metal. Herein, we present the case of a 42-year-old woman with underlying hypertension with amlodipine-induced BLLs. She complained of a 1-month history of right buccal whitish streaks and oral ulcers 2 months after taking amlodipine. She visited a private otorhinolaryngology clinic, and a biopsy for the right buccal ulcer was conducted. The biopsy result showed features suggestive of OLP. The patient was then diagnosed with OLP. Her symptoms were persistent despite treatment, so a dental referral was made. Amlodipine was suspected as the cause of her condition and was therefore stopped. Her condition gradually resolved after amlodipine withdrawal. Hence, primary care physicians should be aware of BLLs as one of the adverse drug reactions of amlodipine so that prompt management can be taken to avoid further debilitating impacts on patients.
  5. Esterified sago waste for engine oil removal in aqueous environment
    Ngaini Z, Noh F, Wahi R
    Environ Technol, 2014 Nov-Dec;35(21-24):2761-6.
    PMID: 25176478 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.920051
    Agro-waste from the bark of Metroxylon sagu (sago) was studied as a low cost and effective oil sorbent in dry and aqueous environments. Sorption study was conducted using untreated sago bark (SB) and esterified sago bark (ESB) in used engine oil. Characterization study showed that esterification has successfully improved the hydrophobicity, buoyancy, surface roughness and oil sorption capacity of ESB. Sorption study revealed that water uptake of SB is higher (30 min static: 2.46 g/g, dynamic: 2.67 g/g) compared with ESB (30 min static: 0.18 g/g, dynamic: 0.14 g/g). ESB, however, showed higher oil sorption capacity in aqueous environment (30 min static: 2.30 g/g, dynamic: 2.14) compared with SB (30 min static: 0 g/g, dynamic: 0 g/g). ESB has shown great poTENTial as effective oil sorbent in aqueous environment due to its high oil sorption capacity, low water uptake and high buoyancy.
  6. Fulltext An efficient clustering algorithm for partitioning Y-short tandem repeats data
    Seman A, Bakar ZA, Isa MN
    BMC Res Notes, 2012;5:557.
    PMID: 23039132 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-557
    Y-Short Tandem Repeats (Y-STR) data consist of many similar and almost similar objects. This characteristic of Y-STR data causes two problems with partitioning: non-unique centroids and local minima problems. As a result, the existing partitioning algorithms produce poor clustering results.
  7. Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydroxylated chalcone derivatives with variable chain length
    Ngaini Z, Fadzillah SM, Hussain H
    Nat Prod Res, 2012;26(10):892-902.
    PMID: 21678160 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.502896
    A series of (E)-1-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one have been successfully synthesised via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The synthesised chalcone derivatives consisted of hydroxyl groups at either ortho, meta or para position and differed in the length of the alkyl groups, C (n) H(2) (n) (+1,) where n = 6, 10, 12 and 14. The structures of all compounds were defined by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR. The antimicrobial studies were carried out against wild-type Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection 8739 to evaluate the effect of the hydroxyl and the alkyl groups of the synthesised chalcones. All the synthesised compounds have shown significant antimicrobial activities. The optimum inhibition was dependent on the position of the hydroxyl group as well as the length of the alkyl chains.
  8. Blowfly Larval Tissues as a Secondary Detector for Determining Paraquat-Related Death in Rabbit Carcass
    Lawai V, Abdul Rahim NA, Ngaini Z
    J Forensic Sci, 2015 11;60(6):1620-4.
    PMID: 26382214 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12852
    Paraquat poisoning is commonly associated with suicide or homicide in Malaysia. In a case involving advanced body decomposition, pathological analysis regarding the cause of death may become difficult or almost impossible. Insects serve as common alternative matrix for poison detection in forensic analysis. Paraquat detection via secondary bioaccumulation in fly larvae tissue has never been reported. In this study, tissues from blowfly larvae collected from a rabbit carcass with paraquat poisoning were analyzed for secondary bioaccumulation. Larvae samples were collected and analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction. The detection was performed via reduction of quaternary ammonium presence in paraquat and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring mode (SIM mode). GC-MS showed the elution of reduced paraquat was at retention time 12.8 min. Blowfly larvae tissue has proven useful as a secondary detector in paraquat-related deaths.
  9. Fulltext Survey of availability of iodine-enriched salt in Sarawak
    Taha AM, Zainab T, Lau D, Yeo P
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):391-5.
    PMID: 8668062
    Three hundred and forty five salt samples were randomly taken from 106 sources where iodised salts were supplied or put for sale in all areas gazetted as endemic goitre areas in Sarawak. The samples were analysed for the presence of iodine. In areas in Sibu, Sarikei and Kapit Divisions, 53-70% of salt put for sale were iodised while in the other 6 Divisions, it was less than 27%. As iodisation of salt is an interventive measure in addressing the goitre problem in the State, regular monitoring of iodisation facilities and iodine content of iodised salt in the affected areas is important to ensure the effectiveness of the programme.
  10. Development and validation of a comprehensive solid-phase extraction method followed by LC-TOF/MS for the analysis of eighteen pharmaceuticals in influent and effluent of sewage treatment plants
    Al-Qaim FF, Mussa ZH, Yuzir A
    Anal Bioanal Chem, 2018 Aug;410(20):4829-4846.
    PMID: 29806068 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1120-9
    The scarcity of data about the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water bodies in Malaysia prompted us to develop a suitable analytical method to address this issue. We therefore developed a method based on solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-TOF/MS) for the analysis of sixteen prescribed and two nonprescribed pharmaceuticals that are potentially present in water samples. The levels of these pharmaceuticals, which were among the top 50 pharmaceuticals consumed in Malaysia during the period 2011-2014, in influent and effluent of five sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Bangi, Malaysia, were then analyzed using the developed method. All of the pharmaceuticals were separated chromatographically using a 5 μm, 2.1 mm × 250 mm C18 column at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.3-8.2 ng/L, 6.5-89 ng/L, and 11.1-93.8 ng/L in deionized water (DIW), STP effluent, and STP influent, respectively, for most of the pharmaceuticals. Recoveries were 51-108%, 52-118%, and 80-107% from the STP influent, STP effluent, and DIW, respectively, for most of the pharmaceuticals. The matrix effect was also evaluated. The signals from carbamazepine, diclofenac sodium, and mefenamic acid were found to be completely suppressed in the STP influent. The signals from other compounds were found to be influenced by matrix effects more strongly in STP influent (enhancement or suppression of signal ≤180%) than in effluent (≤94%). The signal from prednisolone was greatly enhanced in the STP influent, indicating a matrix effect of -134%. Twelve pharmaceuticals were frequently detected in all five STPs, and caffeine, prazosin, and theophylline presented the highest concentrations among all the pharmaceuticals monitored: up to 7611, 550, and 319 ng/L in the STP influent, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that prazosin has been detected in a water matrix in Malaysia. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
  11. Fulltext Comparison of Peak-area Ratios and Percentage Peak Area Derived from HPLC-evaporative Light Scattering and Refractive Index Detectors for Palm Oil and its Fractions
    Ping BTY, Aziz HA, Idris Z
    J Oleo Sci, 2018;67(3):265-272.
    PMID: 29491321 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17164
    High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods via evaporative light scattering (ELS) and refractive index (RI) detectors are used by the local palm oil industry to monitor the TAG profiles of palm oil and its fractions. The quantitation method used is based on area normalization of the TAG components and expressed as percentage area. Although not frequently used, peak-area ratios based on TAG profiles are a possible qualitative method for characterizing the TAG of palm oil and its fractions. This paper aims to compare these two detectors in terms of peak-area ratio, percentage peak area composition, and TAG elution profiles. The triacylglycerol (TAG) composition for palm oil and its fractions were analysed under similar HPLC conditions i.e. mobile phase and column. However, different sample concentrations were used for the detectors while remaining within the linearity limits of the detectors. These concentrations also gave a good baseline resolved separation for all the TAGs components. The results of the ELSD method's percentage area composition for the TAGs of palm oil and its fractions differed from those of RID. This indicates an unequal response of TAGs for palm oil and its fractions using the ELSD, also affecting the peak area ratios. They were found not to be equivalent to those obtained using the HPLC-RID. The ELSD method showed a better baseline separation for the TAGs components, with a more stable baseline as compared with the corresponding HPLC-RID. In conclusion, the percentage area compositions and peak-area ratios for palm oil and its fractions as derived from HPLC-ELSD and RID were not equivalent due to different responses of TAG components to the ELSD detector. The HPLC-RID has a better accuracy for percentage area composition and peak-area ratio because the TAG components response equally to the detector.
  12. Fulltext Early management of head injury in adults in primary care
    Liew BS, Zainab K, Cecilia A, Zarina Y, Clement T
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(1):22-25.
    PMID: 28503270
    Head injury is common and preventable. Assessment of the head injury patient includes airway, cervical spine protection, breathing, circulation, haemorrhage control and the Glasgow Coma Scale. Hypotension, hypoxia, hypocarbia and hypercarbia should be avoided by continuous monitoring of vital signs and hourly head chart to prevent secondary brain injury. This paper aims to assist primary healthcare providers to select the appropriate patient for transfer and imaging for further management of head injury.
  13. Fulltext Some properties for integro-differential operator defined by a fractional formal
    Abdulnaby ZE, Ibrahim RW, Kılıçman A
    Springerplus, 2016;5(1):893.
    PMID: 27386341 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2563-0
    Recently, the study of the fractional formal (operators, polynomials and classes of special functions) has been increased. This study not only in mathematics but extended to another topics. In this effort, we investigate a generalized integro-differential operator [Formula: see text] defined by a fractional formal (fractional differential operator) and study some its geometric properties by employing it in new subclasses of analytic univalent functions.
  14. An Expansile Well-defined Radiolucency in Anterior Mandible: Case Presentation with Treatment Approach and Literature Update
    Arora S, Urs AB, Choudhary Z
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2017 Jan;1(23):77-81.
    PMID: 28272008
    A 15-year-old Indian male patient presented with a history of pain and swelling in left mandible. Imaging studies revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the body of the mandible. Patient also gave the past history of the surgery of the jaws, which was histopathologically diagnosed as dentigerous cyst. Following this patient underwent incisional biopsy and later excisional biopsy. The histopathologic diagnosis for incisional biopsy was unicystic ameloblastoma but final diagnosis was dentinogenic ghost cell tumor for the excised tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this appears o be the first case of dentigerous cyst transforming into dentinogenic ghost cell tumor. The clinical presentation of the case, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities are being discussed.
  15. Electrochemical degradation of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine as the main metabolite of carbamazepine
    Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Apr;30(17):50457-50470.
    PMID: 36795212 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25907-8
    10,11-Dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine has been degraded in deionized water and wastewater samples using an electrochemical process. The anode used in the treatment process was graphite-PVC. Different factors such as initial concentration, NaCl amount, type of matrix, applied voltage, role of H2O2, and pH solution were investigated in the treatment of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine. From the outcome of the results, it was noticed that the chemical oxidation of the compound followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. The rate constants were ranged between 22 × 10-4 and 483 × 10-4 min-1. After electrochemical degradation of the compound, several by-products were raised, and they were analyzed using an accurate instrument, liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). In the present study, the treatment of the compound was followed by high energy consumption under 10 V and 0.5 g NaCl, reaching up to 0.65 Wh mg-1 after 50 min. The inhibition of E. coli bacteria after incubation of the treated 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine sample was investigated in terms of toxicity.
  16. Salt: an ineffective vehicle for iodine delivery to young children in rural Sarawak
    Foo LC, Zainab T, Nafikudin M, Letchuman GR
    Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 1996;57(6):470-5.
    PMID: 9084692
    The urinary iodine excretions of women (15-40 y) and young children (< or = 6 y) from two longhouse villages in the iodine-deficient district of Lubok Antu, Sarawak, were compared. One longhouse (Mengkak) was provided with freshly produced iodized salt every two months (one kg per family) while the other (Menjiling) was provided with iodized water via fortification of the village piped-water supply. Spot urines were collected for iodine determination at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the start of the study. Salt and water samples were collected at monthly intervals. Goiter assessment was performed on the women at the start and end of the one-year study. The mean iodine concentrations in the salt samples from Mengkak and Menjiling were, respectively, 47.1 +/- 9.7 mg/kg (n = 60) and 0.8 +/- 3.4 mg/kg (n = 60) while the mean iodine concentration in the water samples from Menjiling was 138.6 +/- 43.2 micrograms/L (n = 24); iodine could not be detected in the water samples from Mengkak. There were significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions of both women and young children in Menjiling; in Mengkak, however, significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions were observed only in women while the median urinary iodine excretions of children remained essentially unchanged throughout the study period. Goiter prevalences in the women were reduced in both longhouses. The above observations reveal the inadequacy of iodized salt as a vehicle for iodine delivery to young rural Sarawakian children and indicate the need for other means of delivering supplemental iodine to this age group in areas where salt iodization is the only strategy for IDD control. In contrast, iodization of village water supply by itself is adequate in delivering iodine uniformly to the whole community.
  17. Fulltext Adsorption Studies Of Graphene Oxide For Lead Removal From Synthetic Wastewater
    Nik-Rashida Nik-Abdul-Ghani, Mohammed Saedi Jami, Ku Mariam Zainab Ku Abdullah
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2019;2(2):21-36.
    MyJurnal
    Lead contamination present in wastewater is one of the major problems due to its toxicity and persistence. This issue increased dramatically and led to the environmental and health concerns worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to remove lead from synthetic wastewater effluent by adsorption process. In this study, nanomaterial called graphene oxide (GO) is used as an adsorbent due to its mechanical strength and high surface area. The parameters were optimized using Fractional factorial design under response surface method. GO demonstrates high adsorption capacity, qmax = 500 mg/g at 100 mg/L of initial lead concentration and at optimum pH 9. Adsorption isotherm of lead was also investigated to evaluate the adsorption capacity. The equilibrium data of graphene oxide adsorption was better represented by the Langmuir isotherm and was achieved within 60 minutes. The results showed that GO has potential to be an important adsorbent for lead removal. In the future, GO might be imbedded as adsorbent in the membrane fabrication for wastewater treatment.
  18. Fulltext Seismic response of a base isolated cable-stayed bridge under near-fault ground motion excitations
    Ahad Javanmardi, Zainab Ibrahim, Khaled Gheadi, Mohammed Jameel, Usman Hanif, Gordan, Meisam
    Scientific Research Journal, 2018;15(1):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    Nowadays, development of cable-stayed bridges is increasing around the world. The mitigation of seismic forces to these bridges are obligatory to prevent damages or failure of its structural members. Herein, this paper aimed to determine the near-fault ground motion effect on an existing cablestayed bridge equipped with lead-rubber bearing. In this context, Shipshaw cable-stayed bridge is selected as the case study. The selected bridge has a span of 183.2 m composite deck and 43 m height of steel tower. 2D finite element models of the non-isolated and base isolated bridges are modelled by using SAP2000. Three different near-fault ground motions which are Tabas 1978, Cape Mendocino 1992 and Kobe 1995 were subjected to the 2D FEM models in order to determine the seismic behaviour of the bridge. The near-fault ground motions were applied to the bridge in the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to determine the dynamic responses of the bridge. Comparison of dynamic response of nonisolated and base isolated bridge under three different near-fault ground motions were conducted. The results obtained from numerical analyses of the bridge showed that the isolation system lengthened the period of bridge and minimised deck displacement, base shear and base moment of the bridge. It is concluded that the isolation system significantly reduced the destructive effects of near-fault ground motions on the bridge.
  19. Fulltext An overview of atypical bacterial in congenital pneumonia
    Zurina Zainuddin, Zainab Jumai Kassim, Siti Norbaya Masri, Putri Yubbu, Norlijah Othman, Zainab Jumai Kassim
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018;24(2):1-13.
    MyJurnal
    Congenital pneumonia is one of the common causes of respiratory distress at birth with significant morbidity and mortality in infants. Estimates show that neonatal pneumonia including congenital pneumonia contributes to between 750 000 and 1.2 million neonatal deaths every year which accounts for 10% global child mortality. Etiological agents are many and vary but atypical bacterial causes are few. The commonest cause for atypical bacteria is Ureaplasma urealyticum. Congenital pneumonia is often clinically difficult to diagnose owing to poor specificity of clinical signs, with similarities in radiologic presentation with other respiratory conditions of the newborn. Isolation of causative organism (s) by culture from nasopharyngeal aspirates or tracheal aspirates obtained within 8 hours of life is the gold standard of its diagnosis. However, this technique is elaborate and time consuming in identifying atypical bacteria. Development of a more sensitive modality such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has dramatically altered the microbiological diagnosis of congenital pneumonia.
  20. Fulltext Reproductive risk factors of ovarian cancer among women at selected hospitals in Klang Valley
    Osmond John Ugwu, Salmiah Md Said, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Zulida Rejali, Zainab Yahaya, Noraihan Nordin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):110-110.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cancer among Malaysian women. Despite being a malig-nancy with low incidence, ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate with just about 35.2% of 5-year survival. There is a limited published study on the risk factors for this cancer in Malaysia. This study aimed at identifying the repro-ductive risk factors of ovarian cancer among women at selected hospitals in Klang Valley. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from April 2017 to November 2019. Subjects were Malaysian citizens and aged 18 years and above. The case referred to a known case ovarian based on histopathological examination (HPE) and had been diagnosed not more than 2 years during the recruitment into the study. Controls were selected based on a negative result of HPE or intra-operative visual inspection and examination or normal findings from the ultrasound. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 111 cases and 134 controls who ful-filled the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Binary multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age at first pregnancy and infertility experience were significantly associated with risk of ovarian cancer. The odds of first pregnancy after the age of 25 years among cases was higher compared to the odds among controls (AOR=2.997, 95%CI: 1.295, 6.932, p=0.010). On the other hand, the odds of infertility experience among cases was lower com-pared to the controls (AOR=0.289, 95%CI: 0.099, 0.846, p=0.024). The lower odds of infertility experience among cases shown in this study must be interpreted with care because of wide interval and as infertility was reported to be a risk factor of ovarian cancer elsewhere. Conclusion: Reproductive risk factor for ovarian cancer were aged at first pregnancy of 25 years and above. Prevention of ovarian cancer should be targeted to his group.
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