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Accidents in Malaysian construction industry: statistical data and court cases

Chong HY, Low TS

Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2014;20(3):503-13.
PMID: 25189753

Safety and health issues remain critical to the construction industry due to its working environment and the complexity of working practises. This research attempts to adopt 2 research approaches using statistical data and court cases to address and identify the causes and behavior underlying construction safety and health issues in Malaysia. Factual data on the period of 2000-2009 were retrieved to identify the causes and agents that contributed to health issues. Moreover, court cases were tabulated and analyzed to identify legal patterns of parties involved in construction site accidents. Approaches of this research produced consistent results and highlighted a significant reduction in the rate of accidents per construction project in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/classification; Accidents, Occupational/legislation & jurisprudence*; Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Fatal occupational injuries among non-governmental employees in Malaysia

Abas AB, Mohd Said DA, Aziz Mohammed MA, Sathiakumar N

Am. J. Ind. Med., 2013 Jan;56(1):65-76.
PMID: 22544443 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22056

BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, surveillance of fatal occupational injuries is fragmented. We therefore analyzed an alternative data source from Malaysia's Social Security organization, the Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial (PERKESO).
METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the PERKESO database comprised of 7 million employees from 2002 to 2006.
RESULTS: Overall, the average annual incidence was 9.2 fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers. During the 5-year period, there was a decrease in the absolute number of fatal injuries by 16% and the incidence by 34%. The transportation sector reported the highest incidence of fatal injuries (35.1/100,000), followed by agriculture (30.5/100,000) and construction (19.3/100,000) sectors. Persons of Indian ethnicity were more likely to sustain fatal injuries compared to other ethnic groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Government and industry should develop rigorous strategies to detect hazards in the workplace, especially in sectors that continuously record high injury rates. Targeted interventions emphasizing worker empowerment coupled with systematic monitoring and evaluation is critical to ensure success in prevention and control measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/classification; Accidents, Occupational/mortality*; Accidents, Occupational/trends
Fulltext Design of a Smart Safety Vest Incorporated With Metal Detector Kits for Enhanced Personal Protection

Rajendran SD, Wahab SN, Yeap SP

Saf Health Work, 2020 Dec;11(4):537-542.
PMID: 33329921 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.06.007

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been designed in such a way to reduce accident rates. Unfortunately, existing PPE is rather ineffective as it is not able to provide warning signals when hazard is around. The integration of intelligent systems is envisaged to increase the efficiency of existing PPE.
Methods: This project designed a safety vest incorporated with metal detectors which can provide immediate warning to the field workers when there is metal hazard around. This product has greater freedom of design via smart manufacturing as it involves the assembly of few commercially available parts into a single entity. Briefly, the metal detector is a do it yourself (DIY) kit, and the safety vest is purchasable from any local market. The DIY kit was connected to a copper coil and being sewed into the safety vest.
Results: The metal detector induces beeping sound when there is metal hazard around. A total of 121 engineering students were introduced to the prototype before being requested to answer a survey associated with the design. Respondents have rated >3.00/5.00 for the design simplicity, ease of usage, and light weight. Meanwhile, respondents suggested that the design should be further improved by increasing the metal detection range.
Conclusion: It is envisaged that the introduction of this smart safety vest will allow the workers to carry out their duties securely by reducing the accident rates. Particularly, such design is expected to reduce workplace accident especially during night time at construction sites where the visibility is low.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext Laboratory-acquired injuries in medical laboratory: a survey of three referral medical laboratories from year 2001 to 2005

Anuar, I., Zahedi, F., Kadir, A., Mokhtar, A.B.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2008;14(1):32-38.
MyJurnal

Background: The occupationally acquired accident and injuries in Malaysian medical laboratories are still largely unexplored prior to this survey. Some of these questions are attempted in this survey and act as source of reference for the number and accident injuries in medical laboratories in the area of Klang Valley and also in Malaysia.
Methods : This survey was carried out based on recordable cases throughout the calendar year of 2001 to 2005 from 3 main medical laboratories of Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) and Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya (PPUM).
Results : The average annual incident rate for this three medical laboratories is 2.05/100 full time equivalent (FTE) employees. The annual incident rate in individual medical laboratory is 2.04/100 FTE (HKL), 2.07/100 FTE (HUKM) and 2.04/100 FTE (PPUM) employees, respectively. The most common injury that is 25.3% of the total cases reported was due to cuts by sharp objects and the second most common injury was exposure to biohazard and chemical substances which constitutes 19.9% of the total cases. . Needle prick injury (16.8%), fire (8.4%), fall/slip (6.3%) and gases leak and locked in cold room were reported as one case each.
Conclusion : The average incident rate from this study is remarkably similar compared with the incident injury rate reported by BLS (2006) which is 2.1/100 FTE in the average size of medical laboratory and diagnostic. Besides this incident rate of injury and illness as a comparison, it also can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the safety performance among medical laboratories in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Emergency response programme in a petrochemical company in Malaysia

Jefferelli Shamsul Bahrin, Mohamad Husain Sajahan, Mohd. Nazri Hamad

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2004;1(1):3-8.
MyJurnal

Malaysia is blessed with oil and gas resources, which form raw materials for the petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry creates added value to this resource and is an important contributor to the national economy. The petrochemical industry however also creates hazards of which fire or explosions and chemical release are of special concern. These hazards pose a risk not only to workers but also to the surrounding population and environment. To ensure industry is prepared to cope with emergencies, a comprehensive emergency response programme is necessary. This is inline with both the Malaysian Occupational Safety and Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards) Regulations 1996 and the Responsible Care initiative of the chemical industry. This paper describes elements to be considered in an emergency response programme for industry such as the concept of emergency management, organisation, duties and responsibilities, emergency system, training and mutual aid plans and agreements. We shall provide related examples based on a multinational petrochemical company practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext Occupational accident cost estimation: a case study in wood based related industries

Jafri Mohd Rohani, Hood Atan, Wan Harun Wan Hamid, Mohamed Fitri Johari, Edly Ramly

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):109-116.
MyJurnal

This objective of the study is to estimate occupational accident cost in manufacturing industries, especially in
wood based related industries. The study attempts to identify, define, and classify the cost components of occupational
accident related cost and to catalogue the various economic approaches used to estimate the entire costs of occupational
accident and to propose the risk prevention plan. The study uses local specific approach by reviewing company
historical records on occupational accident as reported in JKKP 6, JKKP 8, JKKP 9 and company internal investigation
reports. For each occupational accident, the site safety officer in charge, human resource and, account employee,
supervisor, victim, related co-workers and relatives were interviewed in order to estimate direct costs, indirect costs,
prevention costs and other personal cost related to the accident. Other related information such as personal data of the
victim, type of injuries, location of injuries and cause of injuries were recorded. A total of 24 occupational accidents
data for the past five years were analyzed in the cost of accident summary report to determine the overall ratio of direct
to indirect cost and ratio of total cost of accident to prevention cost. A further analysis was carried out to determine
the most significant cost of accident related to demographic profiles for Malaysian and Non Malaysian employees. In
conclusion, this study has determined the ratio of direct to indirect cost of occupational accident and has proposed the
risk prevention plan with additional information on cost of accident and cost of prevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext Relationship between safety climate perception and safety and health management system with occupational accident at small medium industries in Selangor

Noradila Mohamed, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):63-69.
MyJurnal

The frequency of occupational accident in small medium industries decreased from 2008 in general, but fluctuated each year,
which shows that improvement is needed in handling safety and health of the employees. It is believed that safety climate perception
and occupational safety health management system (OSHMS) influence occupational accident in an organization. A safety audit
checklist and self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the involved small medium industries. The findings show that safety
climate perception was high in small medium industries while OSHMS show low compliance. Findings also showed that there were
significant relationships between safety climate perception and OSHMS with occupational accident in the organizations (p

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext Malaysian construction industry: trends of occupational accidents from 2006 to 2015

Nur Nadia Adila Abdul Halim, Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Kadir Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Mohd Haizzan Yahaya

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):35-54.
MyJurnal

The construction industry is one of the largest sectors in Malaysia. This industry has become one of the main contributors
for national economic development and consistently contributes 3% to 5% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This
sector has also opened up job opportunities for various levels of employment. High demands and rapid urbanization offer huge
opportunities for registered contractors. Despite contributing in enhancing national economics, this sector has been regarded as one
of the most dangerous and hazardous workplaces due to the type of nature and the job activities at construction sites. According to
the International Labour Organization (ILO), 2.3 million fatalities related to occupational accidents and illnesses are estimated to
occur each year. Furthermore, 4 percent of world GDP is estimated to be lost due to occupational accidents and illnesses. The number
of fatality accidents in the construction industry was the highest with 652 cases of non-permanent disability (NPD) and permanent
disability (PD) accidents in the period 2007 to 2015, equivalent to 72.44 cases per year and representing 48.77% of the construction
industry. The huge gap between the number of accidents reported to SOCSO and DOSH becomes a major concern due to a rising
number of underreported cases of fatalities and injury in the construction sector, especially those involving foreign labour. The margin
between accidents reported to SOCSO and DOSH is 97.49%. Regards to rapid developments, safety measures to improve performance
management of OSH should be emphasized to reduce losses of life, property and productivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext Analysis of the perception of occupational accidents in mining and quarrying sector towards a safe and healthy working environment

Nur Azlina Abd Rahman, Muhamad Arifpin Mansor, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):165-170.
MyJurnal

The occurrences of occupational accidents and incidents are increasing in parallel with the growth of industries
such as mining and quarrying. The main objective of this study was to analyze data on the perception of occupational
accidents in the mining and quarrying sector in Malaysia. The data was collected and examined based on the
questionnaires on the level of perception of accident investigation in mining and quarrying sector. Statistical data
reported by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) was also reviewed. The findings of this study
prove that the level of perception of workers towards occupational accident issues in mining and quarrying sector
is still in the moderate level with the mean value of 3.28. The findings show that 51.7% of the workers agree while
25.9% totally agree to the accident occurrence. Only 1.7% of the workers are not aware of accident occurrence at the
workplace. Employers and employees must carry out their responsibilities to prevent accidents by adhering to health
and safety practices at the workplace.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext The effectiveness of the Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan 2015 (OSH-MP 15) in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace

Norhafizah Yaacob, Shamsul B.M. Tamrin, Ng, Yee Guan, How, Vivien, Rozanah A. Rahman, Zerguine, Haroun, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(2):57-66.
MyJurnal

Background: Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan for Malaysia 2015 was intended to increase awareness, knowledge and commitment to Occupational Safety and Health in all undertaking to reduce the number of injuries, diseases and fatalities. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Occupational Safety Health Master Plan for Malaysia 2015 (OSH-MP 15) in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace culture. Methods: This cross sectional study covered all the states in Malaysia, constituting of 309 employers, 350 Occupational Safety Health practitioners and 360 employees as respondents. There were three questionnaires for three different groups which were employers, Occupational Safety Health practitioners and general employees. The respondents were selected through random sampling. Results: For strategy 1, there was a significant difference in mean of effectiveness of OSH-MP15 between sectors for general workers [F (11, 348) =12.06, p= =

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext Synthetic-type control charts for time-between-events monitoring

Yen FY, Chong KM, Ha LM

PLoS One, 2013;8(6):e65440.
PMID: 23755231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065440

This paper proposes three synthetic-type control charts to monitor the mean time-between-events of a homogenous Poisson process. The first proposed chart combines an Erlang (cumulative time between events, Tr ) chart and a conforming run length (CRL) chart, denoted as Synth-Tr chart. The second proposed chart combines an exponential (or T) chart and a group conforming run length (GCRL) chart, denoted as GR-T chart. The third proposed chart combines an Erlang chart and a GCRL chart, denoted as GR-Tr chart. By using a Markov chain approach, the zero- and steady-state average number of observations to signal (ANOS) of the proposed charts are obtained, in order to evaluate the performance of the three charts. The optimal design of the proposed charts is shown in this paper. The proposed charts are superior to the existing T chart, Tr chart, and Synth-T chart. As compared to the EWMA-T chart, the GR-T chart performs better in detecting large shifts, in terms of the zero- and steady-state performances. The zero-state Synth-T4 and GR-Tr (r = 3 or 4) charts outperform the EWMA-T chart for all shifts, whereas the Synth-Tr (r = 2 or 3) and GR-T 2 charts perform better for moderate to large shifts. For the steady-state process, the Synth-Tr and GR-Tr charts are more efficient than the EWMA-T chart in detecting small to moderate shifts.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data
An ergonomics study of a semiconductors factory in an IDC for improvement in occupational health and safety

Bin WS, Richardson S, Yeow PH

Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2010;16(3):345-56.
PMID: 20828490

The study aimed to conduct an ergonomic intervention on a conventional line (CL) in a semiconductor factory in Malaysia, an industrially developing country (IDC), to improve workers' occupational health and safety (OHS). Low-cost and simple (LCS) ergonomics methods were used (suitable for IDCs), e.g., subjective assessment, direct observation, use of archival data and assessment of noise. It was found that workers were facing noise irritation, neck and back pains and headache in the various processes in the CL. LCS ergonomic interventions to rectify the problems included installing noise insulating covers, providing earplugs, installing elevated platforms, slanting visual display terminals and installing extra exhaust fans. The interventions cost less than 3 000 USD but they significantly improved workers' OHS, which directly correlated with an improvement in working conditions and job satisfaction. The findings are useful in solving OHS problems in electronics industries in IDCs as they share similar manufacturing processes, problems and limitations.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control*
Sequelae of traumatic laryngotracheal separation: the need for individualized long term treatment plan

Mazita A, Sani A

Auris Nasus Larynx, 2005 Dec;32(4):421-5.
PMID: 16051456 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2005.05.002

Laryngotracheal separation is a rare variant of laryngeal trauma. However it is life threatening and potentially fatal. Patients with this injury usually succumb at the site of the accident itself. Here we present two cases of laryngotracheal separation of different etiology and of different outcomes. The treatment advocated for laryngotracheal separation is initially airway stabilization followed by formal repair of the transected trachea. However both our cases illustrates that the outcomes can be different and that a long term treatment plan should be individualized to each patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational*
Coercive pressure as a moderator of organizational structure and risk management: Empirical evidence from Malaysian construction industry

Tagod M, Adeleke AQ, Moshood TD

J Safety Res, 2021 06;77:139-150.
PMID: 34092304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.011

INTRODUCTION: The construction industry in Malaysia has been bedevilled by myriads of risk issues that have hampered its smooth operations in recent times. This paper is an empirical assessment that aims to examine the effect of coercive pressure on the relationship between organizational structure and construction risk management among construction industry in Malaysia.
METHOD: Based on the proposed model, a quantitative method was employed to obtain data from G7 construction industry operating within the peninsular Malaysia. Out of the 180 copies of questionnaire, 165 copies were properly filled, returned, and used for the analysis. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the obtained data.
RESULTS: The findings of the study affirmed that specialization, centralization, and management of risk by the construction industry had positive correlation.
CONCLUSIONS: As anticipated, coercive pressure had positive moderating correlation with both formalization and the management of risk by the construction industry. Similarly, it was also found that in the course of carrying out construction activities, coercive pressure made significant interactive influence on formalization, specialization, and centralization. Practical Applications: Coercive pressure reduced the frequency of accidents among workers in the process of carrying out construction works.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Workplace Accidents Among Nepali Male Workers in the Middle East and Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

Adhikary P, Keen S, van Teijlingen E

J Immigr Minor Health, 2019 Oct;21(5):1115-1122.
PMID: 30073437 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0801-y

There are many Nepali men working in the Middle East and Malaysia and media reports and anecdotal evidence suggest a high risk of workplace-related accidents and injuries for male Nepali workers. Therefore, this study aims to explore the personal experiences of male Nepali migrants of unintentional injuries at their place of work. In-depth, face-to-face interviews (n = 20) were conducted with male Nepali migrant workers. Study participants were approached at Kathmandu International Airport, hotels and lodges around the airport. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Almost half of study participants experienced work-related accident abroad. The participants suggested that the reasons behind this are not only health and safety at work but also poor communication, taking risks by workers themselves, and perceived work pressure. Some participants experienced serious incidents causing life-long disability, extreme and harrowing accounts of injury but received no support from their employer or host countries. Nepali migrant workers would appear to be at a high risk of workplace unintentional injuries owing to a number of interrelated factors poor health and safety at work, pressure of work, risk taking practices, language barriers, and their general work environment. Both the Government of Nepal and host countries need to be better policing existing policies, introduce better legislation where necessary, ensure universal health (insurance) coverage for labour migrants, and improve preventive measures to minimize the number and severity of accidents and injuries among migrant workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational*
Developing a risk framework for assembly construction based on stakeholder theory and structural equation modelling

Junjia Y, Xiaoxiang Q, Alias AH, Haron NA, Abu Bakar N

PLoS One, 2024;19(5):e0301370.
PMID: 38709752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301370

Occupational injuries in the construction industry have plagued many countries, and many cases have shown that accidents often occur because of a combination of project participants. Assembled construction (AC) projects have received extensive attention from Chinese scholars as a future trend, but few studies have explored the interrelationships and potential risks of various stakeholders in depth. This study fills this research gap by proposing a multi-stakeholder AC risk framework. The study surveyed 396 stakeholders, then analyzed the collected data and created a risk framework based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and the CRITIC weighting method. The results revealed that factors like "regular supervision is a formality," "blindly approving the wrong safety measures," and "failure to organize effective safety education and training." are vital risks in AC of China. Finally, the study validates the risk factors and the framework with 180 real-life cases, which shows that the proposed framework is theoretically grounded and realistic. The study also suggests multi-level strategies such as introducing AI-based automated risk monitoring, improving the adaptability of normative provisions to technological advances, and advancing the culture of project communities of interest to ensure AC's safe practices.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control
Increased work pace is unprofitable: a beef-cutting case study

Vogel K, Karltun J, Yeow PH, Eklund J

Meat Sci, 2015 Jul;105:81-8.
PMID: 25828161 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.009

The beef industry worldwide is showing a trend towards increased cutting pace aimed at higher profits. However, prior research in the duck meat industry suggested that a higher cutting pace reduced quality and yield, leading to losses. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by investigating the effects of varying beef-cutting paces on yield, quality and economy. A field experiment was conducted on six workers cutting beef fillet, sirloin and entrecôte. Three types of paces were sequentially tested: Baseline (i.e., status quo), 'Quantity focus' (i.e., pace required to maximise quantity) and 'Quality focus' (i.e., pace required to minimise errors). The results showed a significant drop in yield, increased rate of quality deficiency and economic losses with the change to 'Quantity focus' (from Baseline and 'Quality focus') for all meat types. Workers supported these results and also added health problems to the list. The results confirmed that an increased cutting pace is unprofitable.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/economics; Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control
Workplace injuries and risk reduction practices in Malaysia

Ali R, Shaharudin R, Omar A, Yusoff F

Int J Occup Environ Health, 2012 Oct-Dec;18(4):299-306.
PMID: 23433290 DOI: 10.1179/1077352512Z.00000000031

INTRODUCTION: This study on workplace injuries and risk reduction practices was part of the Malaysia National Health Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III) conducted in 2006.
METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted to determine the incidence of workplaces injuries and assess the magnitude of some important risk reduction practices among workers. Data were gathered through face-to-face household interviews using a pre-coded questionnaire.
RESULTS: Of the 22 880 eligible respondents, 88·2% (20 180) responded. The incidence rate for injuries at the workplace was 4·9 per 100 (95% CI: 4·6-5·2). The overall proportion of workers who had received occupational safety and health (OSH) training before or within 1 month of starting work was 33·6%. Among respondents who perceived that personal protective equipment (PPE) was required at their workplace, only 38·9% (95% CI: 37·8-39·4) were provided with it by their employers.
DISCUSSION: Further studies are urgently needed to identify reasons for and management of the low uptake of risk reduction practices. This issue needs to be addressed to ensure the safety and health of our working population.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control*; Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Neuropsychiatric profile of a case of post traumatic stress disorder following an electric shock

Jr Laforce R, Gibson B, Morehouse R, Bailey PAB, MacLaren VV

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Dec;55(4):524-6.
PMID: 11221170

Exposure to extraordinary stressors or life-threatening events has been shown to result in negative cognitive, behavioural and emotional outcomes including the cluster of symptoms constituting Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder has most often been studied in military veterans and victims of abuse who also show high rates of comorbid conditions. We report a case of PTSD following an electrical injury in a patient with no past psychiatric history. Implications for a full range of examinations including comprehensive neuropsychiatric testing are discussed. Results suggest that such approach addresses the complexity of a differential diagnosis between organic and psychiatric dysfunctions.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Physical ergonomics awareness in an offshore processing platform among Malaysian oil and gas workers

M Noor MHH, Raja Ghazilla RA

Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2020 Sep;26(3):521-537.
PMID: 29792568 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1480341

Introduction. The reliability of offshore oil and gas (O&G) facilities depends on the operation and maintenance activities, where human physical intervention is involved. Workers are often exposed to ergonomics hazards due to inefficient workplace design. Ergonomics awareness among workers is a crucial factor in mitigating such hazards. Objectives. This study intends to evaluate the state of physical ergonomics awareness among Malaysian O&G workers and to assess their perception toward the criticality of physical ergonomics issues within an offshore processing facility. Methods. Data were collected through online questionnaire distribution. The respondents were required to evaluate three sections of the questionnaire to reflect their state of physical ergonomics awareness: design criteria in an offshore workplace that are related to physical ergonomics; effects of physical ergonomics implementation in design; criticality of physical ergonomics issues. Results. The results showed a good level of physical ergonomics awareness among respondents without them being influenced by dissimilar experiences (engineering design and operation/maintenance) and the range of experience in an offshore workplace. Conclusion. This study provides an overview of Malaysian O&G workers' outlook toward the physical ergonomics issues in an offshore workplace. These data could be further analyzed in future as relevant aspects of designing an offshore facility.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational

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