Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 998 in total

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  1. Fulltext Optimization of Toxoplasma gondii cultivation in VERO cell line
    Saadatnia G, Haj Ghani H, Khoo BY, Maimunah A, Rahmah N
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Apr;27(1):125-30.
    PMID: 20562822
    In vitro culture of Toxoplasma gondii can provide tachyzoites which are active, viable and with desirable purity. Thus the aim of this study was to optimize the cell culture method for T. gondii propagation to obtain a consistent source of parasites with maximum yield and viability, but minimum host cell contamination for use in production of excretory-secretory antigen. Tachyzoites with seed counts of 1x10(6), 1x10(7) and 1x10(8) harvested from infected mice were added to VERO cells of different degrees of confluence, namely 50%, 85% and 100%, and examined periodically using an inverted microscope. When the maximum release of the tachyzoites was observed from the host cells, the culture supernatant was removed and the tachyzoites harvested. Using a Neubauer chamber, the percentages of viable tachyzoites and host cell contamination were determined using trypan blue stain. Parameters that gave the best yield and purity of viable tachyzoites were found to be as follows: VERO cells at 85% confluence in DMEM medium and inoculum comprising 1x10(7) tachyzoites. After about 3 days post infection, the tachyzoites multiplied 78x, with a yield of ~7.8x10(8) per flask, 99% viability and 3% host cell contamination. This study has successfully optimized the method of propagation of T. gondii tachyzoites in VERO cells which produce parasites with high yield, purity and viability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media; Cell Culture Techniques/methods*
  2. Fulltext A Three-Dimensional Xeno-Free Culture Condition for Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Pros and Cons
    Koh B, Sulaiman N, Fauzi MB, Law JX, Ng MH, Yuan TL, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Feb 13;24(4).
    PMID: 36835154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043745
    Xeno-free three-dimensional cultures are gaining attention for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) expansion in clinical applications. We investigated the potential of xeno-free serum alternatives, human serum and human platelet lysate, to replace the current conventional use of foetal bovine serum for subsequent MSCs microcarrier cultures. In this study, Wharton's Jelly MSCs were cultured in nine different media combinations to identify the best xeno-free culture media for MSCs culture. Cell proliferation and viability were identified, and the cultured MSCs were characterised in accordance with the minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). The selected culture media was then used in the microcarrier culture of MSCs to determine the potential of a three-dimensional culture system in the expansion of MSCs for future clinical applications, and to identify the immunomodulatory potential of cultured MSCs. Low Glucose DMEM (LG) + Human Platelet (HPL) lysate media appeared to be good candidates for replacing conventional MSCs culture media in our monolayer culture system. MSCs cultured in LG-HPL achieved high cell yield, with characteristics that remained as described by ISCT, although the overall mitochondrial activity of the cells was lower than the control and the subsequent effects remained unknown. MSC microcarrier culture, on the other hand, showed comparable cell characteristics with monolayer culture, yet had stagnated cell proliferation, which is potentially due to the inactivation of FAK. Nonetheless, both the MSCs monolayer culture and the microcarrier culture showed high suppressive activity on TNF-α, and only the MSC microcarrier culture has a better suppression of IL-1 secretion. In conclusion, LG-HPL was identified as a good xeno-free media for WJMSCs culture, and although further mechanistic research is needed, the results show that the xeno-free three-dimensional culture maintained MSC characteristics and improved immunomodulatory activities, suggesting the potential of translating the monolayer culture into this culture system in MSC expansion for future clinical application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media; Cell Culture Techniques/methods
  3. Fulltext Bioprocess optimization for pectinase production using Aspergillus niger in a submerged cultivation system
    El Enshasy HA, Elsayed EA, Suhaimi N, Malek RA, Esawy M
    BMC Biotechnol, 2018 11 09;18(1):71.
    PMID: 30413198 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0481-7
    BACKGROUND: Pectinase enzymes present a high priced category of microbial enzymes with many potential applications in various food and oil industries and an estimated market share of $ 41.4 billion by 2020.

    RESULTS: The production medium was first optimized using a statistical optimization approach to increase pectinase production. A maximal enzyme concentration of 76.35 U/mL (a 2.8-fold increase compared with the initial medium) was produced in a medium composed of (g/L): pectin, 32.22; (NH4)2SO4, 4.33; K2HPO4, 1.36; MgSO4.5H2O, 0.05; KCl, 0.05; and FeSO4.5H2O, 0.10. The cultivations were then carried out in a 16-L stirred tank bioreactor in both batch and fed-batch modes to improve enzyme production, which is an important step for bioprocess industrialization. Controlling the pH at 5.5 during cultivation yielded a pectinase production of 109.63 U/mL, which was about 10% higher than the uncontrolled pH culture. Furthermore, fed-batch cultivation using sucrose as a feeding substrate with a rate of 2 g/L/h increased the enzyme production up to 450 U/mL after 126 h.

    CONCLUSIONS: Statistical medium optimization improved volumetric pectinase productivity by about 2.8 folds. Scaling-up the production process in 16-L semi-industrial stirred tank bioreactor under controlled pH further enhanced pectinase production by about 4-folds. Finally, bioreactor fed-batch cultivation using constant carbon source feeding increased maximal volumetric enzyme production by about 16.5-folds from the initial starting conditions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media/metabolism; Culture Media/chemistry; Batch Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation; Batch Cell Culture Techniques/methods*
  4. The influence of cultural habits on the changing pattern of functional dyspepsia
    Yap P, Mahadeva S, Goh KL
    Dig Dis, 2014;32(3):217-21.
    PMID: 24732186 DOI: 10.1159/000357853
    Dyspepsia is a common gastroenterological problem with an estimated global prevalence between 7 and 40%. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a major economic burden to patients and healthcare systems and significantly affects patient quality of life. The ROME III definition of FD divides it into two subgroups, epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, the former being more associated with reflux disease and the latter with gastric dysmotility. The global incidence and prevalence of FD continues to rise, but the reason for this is not clear. Rising global obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease rates may be contributing to the rise in FD. Socioeconomic and cultural demographic changes such as changing dietary habits and rapid urbanization, particularly in the developing countries, are likely to be influencing the course of FD and the way it presents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture*
  5. A new MDCK suspension line cultivated in a fully defined medium in stirred-tank and wave bioreactor
    Lohr V, Genzel Y, Behrendt I, Scharfenberg K, Reichl U
    Vaccine, 2010 Aug 31;28(38):6256-64.
    PMID: 20638458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.004
    An adherently growing MDCK cell line was adapted in a two-step process in a fully defined medium and in suspension. The resulting MDCK.SUS2 cells were subsequently evaluated for their potential as host cells for influenza vaccine production in two lab-scale bioreactors (wave and stirred-tank). Cell concentrations up to 2.3 x 10(6)cells/mL were obtained after 96 h, which is slightly higher than cell concentrations obtained with adherent MDCK cells cultivated on microcarriers (2g/L). Infections with influenza A/PR/8/34 and B/Malaysia resulted in high virus titers (2.90 and 2.75 log HA units/100 microL, respectively). The monitoring of extracellular metabolites, including amino acids, revealed a change in some of the metabolite consumption or release profiles, which indicates changes in metabolism during the adaptation process. Overall, the MDCK.SUS2 cell line represents a new cell substrate for a robust influenza vaccine production in a fully defined process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media*
  6. The journey of a teaching hospital to become a learning organisation
    Rowley SD
    Aust Health Rev, 2006 May;30(2):232-40.
    PMID: 16646772
    This paper describes how an acute tertiary referral hospital moved away from a "culture of blame", using change management principles aligned with the concept of the learning organisation. I outline the process of change, and describe its outcomes. The result is summarised as an improvement in desired attributes of the organisation's culture, as evidenced by consistent improvement in the results of a proprietary staff survey. I conclude that the concept of the learning organisation is a useful one for hospitals that seek to improve the organisational culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Organizational Culture*
  7. Fulltext Batch culture and repeated-batch culture of Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 for lipid production as a comparative study
    Dashti MG, Abdeshahian P
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):172-80.
    PMID: 26980997 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.02.006
    This research was performed based on a comparative study on fungal lipid production by a locally isolated strain Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 in batch culture and repeated-batch culture using a nitrogen-limited medium. Lipid production in the batch culture was conducted to study the effect of different agitation rates on the simultaneous consumption of ammonium tartrate and glucose sources. Lipid production in the repeated-batch culture was studied by considering the effect of harvesting time and harvesting volume of the culture broth on the lipid accumulation. The batch cultivation was carried out in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml of the fresh nitrogen-limited medium. Microbial culture was incubated at 30 °C under different agitation rates of 120, 180 and 250 rpm for 120 h. The repeated-batch culture was performed at three harvesting times of 12, 24 and 48 h using four harvesting cultures of 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%. Experimental results revealed that nitrogen source (ammonium tartrate) was fully utilized by C. bainieri 2A1 within 24 h in all agitation rates tested. It was also observed that a high amount of glucose in culture medium was consumed by C. bainieri 2A1 at 250 rpm agitation speed during the batch fermentation. Similar results showed that the highest lipid concentration of 2.96 g/L was obtained at an agitation rate of 250 rpm at 120 h cultivation time with the maximum lipid productivity of 7.0 × 10(-2) mg/ml/h. On the other hand, experimental results showed that the highest lipid concentration produced in the repeated-batch culture was 3.30 g/L at the first cycle of 48 h harvesting time using 70% harvesting volume, while 0.23 g/L gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was produced at the last cycle of 48 h harvesting time using 80% harvesting volume.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media; Batch Cell Culture Techniques
  8. Development of Low-Cost Microcontroller-Based Interface for Data Acquisition and Control of Microbioreactor Operation
    Husain AR, Hadad Y, Zainal Alam MN
    J Lab Autom, 2016 Oct;21(5):660-70.
    PMID: 26185253 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215594770
    This article presents the development of a low-cost microcontroller-based interface for a microbioreactor operation. An Arduino MEGA 2560 board with 54 digital input/outputs, including 15 pulse-width-modulation outputs, has been chosen to perform the acquisition and control of the microbioreactor. The microbioreactor (volume = 800 µL) was made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(methylmethacrylate) polymers. The reactor was built to be equipped with sensors and actuators for the control of reactor temperature and the mixing speed. The article discusses the circuit of the microcontroller-based platform, describes the signal conditioning steps, and evaluates the capacity of the proposed low-cost microcontroller-based interface in terms of control accuracy and system responses. It is demonstrated that the proposed microcontroller-based platform is able to operate parallel microbioreactor operation with satisfactory performances. Control accuracy at a deviation less than 5% of the set-point values and responses in the range of few seconds have been recorded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media/chemistry
  9. Fulltext Definitions of somatisation and cultural influences
    Mathers N, Khoo EM, McCarthy S, Thompson J, Low WY
    Br J Gen Pract, 2003 May;53(490):409.
    PMID: 12830578
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture*
  10. The idiom of latah: reply to Dr. Simons
    Bartholomew RE
    J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1995 Mar;183(3):184-6.
    PMID: 7891068
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture*
  11. Fulltext Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) test and living related donor kidney transplantation
    Suleiman AB, Mohd Zaher ZM, Chan SH, Awang H
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):56-8.
    PMID: 6239969
    The MtC tests performed prospectively was correlated with graft survival in 73 living, related grafts. The MLC was expressed as the relative response (RR), and graft survival assessed at six months, one year and two years. The l-haplotype matched grafts with high RR had poorer graft survival at one and two years than those with low RR, but this difference was not statistically significant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed*
  12. Fulltext An assessment of Stuart's transport medium in the diagnosis of gonorrhoea
    Lee CH, Ngeow YF
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):23-6.
    PMID: 6633329
    Genital discharge from patients unth. smear positive gonorrhoea was transported from the clinic to the laboratory in. Stuart's transport medium (Oxoid CM 111). Within. six hours of transit time the recovery rate of gonococci was 94%. When compared with "bedside" inoculation onto Modified Thayer Martin medium, there was no significant difference in recovery rates up to 6 hours of transportation in Stuart's transport medium, However, the rate of isolation of gonococci was significantly reduced after 20 to 30 hours of transportation. It is concluded that Stuart's transport medium is an acceptable transport medium for specimens containing gonococci when specimens reach the laboratory within 6 hours of collection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media*
  13. Editorial: The cross-cultural approach to medical practice
    Sandosham AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):1.
    PMID: 4377165
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Cultural Comparison; Culture*
  14. Malay customs in relation to childbirth
    Kuah KB
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Dec;27(2):81-4.
    PMID: 4268044
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture*
  15. Long-term preservation of Leptospira spp.: challenges and prospects
    Philip N, Garba B, Neela VK
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2018 Jul;102(13):5427-5435.
    PMID: 29736823 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9047-9
    Preservation of leptospiral cultures is tantamount to success in leptospiral diagnostics, research, and development of preventive strategies. Each Leptospira isolate has imperative value not only in disease diagnosis but also in epidemiology, virulence, pathogenesis, and drug development studies. As the number of circulating leptospires is continuously increasing and congruent with the importance to retain their original characteristics and properties, an efficient long-term preservation is critically needed to be well-established. However, the preservation of Leptospira is currently characterized by difficulties and conflicting results mainly due to the biological nature of this organism. Hence, this review seeks to describe the efforts in developing efficient preservation methods, to discover the challenges in preserving this organism and to identify the factors that can contribute to an effective long-term preservation of Leptospira. Through the enlightenment of the previous studies, a potentially effective method has been suggested. The article also attempts to evaluate novel strategies used in other industrial and biotechnological preservation efforts and consider their potential application to the conservation of Leptospira spp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Rapid spheroid assays in a 3-dimensional cell culture chip
    Teh JL, Abdul Rahman SF, Domnic G, Satiyasilan L, Chear NJY, Singh D, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2021 Aug 13;14(1):310.
    PMID: 34389056 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05727-0
    OBJECTIVE: The spheroid model provides a physiological platform to study cancer cell biology and drug sensitivity. Usage of bovine collagen I for spheroid assays is costly especially when experiments are conducted in 24-well plates, as high volume of bovine collagen I is needed. The aim of the study was to downsize spheroid assays to a microfluidic 3D cell culture chip and compare the growth, invasion and response to drug/compound of spheroids embedded in the 3D chip to spheroids embedded in 24-well plates.

    RESULTS: Spheroids generated from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HK-1 continuously grew and invaded into collagen matrix in a 24-well plate. Similar observations were noticed with spheroids embedded in the 3D chip. Large spheroids in both 24-well plate and the 3D chip disintegrated and invaded into the collagen matrix. Preliminary drug sensitivity assays showed that the growth and invasion of spheroids were inhibited when spheroids were treated with combination of cisplatin and paynantheine at high concentrations, in a 24-well plate. Comparable findings were obtained when spheroids were treated with the same drug combination in the 3D chip. Moving forward, spheroid assays could be performed in the 3D chip in a more high-throughput manner with minimal time and cost.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Culture Techniques*
  17. Effect of cell culture biomaterials for completely xeno-free generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
    Sung TC, Li HF, Higuchi A, Kumar SS, Ling QD, Wu YW, et al.
    Biomaterials, 2020 02;230:119638.
    PMID: 31810728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119638
    Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated on several biomaterials from human amniotic fluid in completely xeno-free and feeder-free conditions via the transfection of pluripotent genes using a nonintegrating RNA Sendai virus vector. The effect of xeno-free culture medium on the efficiency of the establishment of human amniotic fluid stem cells from amniotic fluid was evaluated. Subsequently, the effect of cell culture biomaterials on the reprogramming efficiency was investigated during the reprogramming of human amniotic fluid stem cells into hiPSCs. Cells cultured in laminin-511, laminin-521, and Synthemax II-coated dishes and hydrogels having optimal elasticity that were engrafted with specific oligopeptides derived from vitronectin could be reprogrammed into hiPSCs with high efficiency. The reprogrammed cells expressed pluripotency proteins and had the capability to differentiate into cells derived from all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Human iPSCs could be generated successfully and at high efficiency (0.15-0.25%) in completely xeno-free conditions from the selection of optimal cell culture biomaterials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media; Cell Culture Techniques
  18. Fulltext Exploring the use of virtual laboratory simulations before, during, and post COVID-19 recovery phase: An Animal Biotechnology case study
    Yap WH, Teoh ML, Tang YQ, Goh BH
    Biochem Mol Biol Educ, 2021 09;49(5):685-691.
    PMID: 34291546 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21562
    This study presents an evaluation of integrating virtual laboratory simulations in assessment design of a biotechnology course at Taylor's University in Malaysia before, during and post-COVID recovery phases. The purpose was to investigate how virtual laboratory simulations were integrated as part of the assessments of a practical-embedded course-the aim being to evaluate students' acceptance and perception of using virtual simulation. A total of 46 students, across three different study cohorts (August 2019, March 2020, and August 2020) were evaluated different educational aspects of using virtual laboratory cases in a 4-week course within Animal Biotechnology. Overall, students regarded virtual laboratory simulation useful as part of their learning, and there is a significant increase in the level of acceptance before, during and post-COVID recovery phases. The study showed that across the different study cohorts, students perceived their confidence level in laboratory skills have been enhanced and that they can apply the skills in real-life situation. Interestingly, students (March and August 2020 cohort) who have not been exposed to the related laboratory session still perceived that the simulated activity provides clear explanation and realistic experience. Furthermore, it had been highlighted across the study cohorts that the quiz questions helped to enhance their understanding on the underlying principles of the laboratory techniques. The overall conclusion of this study was that structured simulation-based activities which provide clear instructions and explanation would support significant improvements in students learning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Culture Techniques*
  19. Socio-cultural foundations of medical practice in rural Malay communities
    Chen PC
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):2-6.
    PMID: 4282625
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture*
  20. Fulltext Culture Medium Development for Microbial-Derived Surfactants Production-An Overview
    Nurfarahin AH, Mohamed MS, Phang LY
    Molecules, 2018 May 01;23(5).
    PMID: 29723959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051049
    Surfactants are compounds that can reduce the surface tension between two different phases or the interfacial tension of the liquid between water and oil, possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Biosurfactants have traits that have proven to be advantageous over synthetic surfactants, but these compounds do not compete economically with synthetic surfactants. Different alternatives increase the yield of biosurfactants; development of an economical production process and the usage of cheaper substrates during process have been employed. One of the solutions relies on the suitable formulation of a production medium by including alternative raw materials sourced from agro-wastes, hydrocarbons, or by-products of a process might help in boosting the biosurfactant production. Since the nutritional factors required will be different among microorganisms, the establishment of a suitable formulation for biosurfactant production will be challenging. The present review describes various nutrients and elements considered in the formulation of a production medium with an approach focusing on the macronutrient (carbon, nitrogen source, and C/N ratio), minerals, vitamins, metabolic regulators, and salinity levels which may aid in the study of biosurfactant production in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media/chemistry*
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