Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 73 in total

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  1. Surface Antigen Profiling of Helicobacter pylori-Infected and -Uninfected Gastric Cancer Cells Using Antibody Microarray
    Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Kosai NR, Mohamed Taher M, Mohamed Rose I
    Helicobacter, 2016 Oct;21(5):417-27.
    PMID: 26807555 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12295
    Comprehensive immunophenotyping cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma, specifically between Helicobacter pylori-infected and -uninfected gastric cancer patients by using DotScan(™) antibody microarray has not been conducted. Current immunophenotyping techniques include flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry are limited to the use of few antibodies for parallel examination. We used DotScan(™) antibody microarray consisting 144 CD antibodies to determine the distribution of CD antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and to elucidate the effect of H. pylori infection toward CD antigen expression in gastric cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  2. Fulltext A hybrid-membrane migration method to isolate high-purity adipose-derived stem cells from fat tissues
    Higuchi A, Wang CT, Ling QD, Lee HH, Kumar SS, Chang Y, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:10217.
    PMID: 25970301 DOI: 10.1038/srep10217
    Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) exhibit heterogeneous characteristics, indicating various genotypes and differentiation abilities. The isolated hADSCs can possess different purity levels and divergent properties depending on the purification methods used. We developed a hybrid-membrane migration method that purifies hADSCs from a fat tissue solution with extremely high purity and pluripotency. A primary fat-tissue solution was permeated through the porous membranes with a pore size from 8 to 25 μm, and the membranes were incubated in cell culture medium for 15-18 days. The hADSCs that migrated from the membranes contained an extremely high percentage (e.g., >98%) of cells positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers and showed almost one order of magnitude higher expression of some pluripotency genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Nanog) compared with cells isolated using the conventional culture method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  3. Fulltext Concordant childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in monozygotic twins
    Chin YM, Wan Ariffin A, Lin HP, Chan YS
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):145-8.
    PMID: 10967997
    Two 4-year-old monozygotic Chinese, female twins developed concordant childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) within an interval of about 2 weeks. Based on morphology and cytochemistry findings of the bone marrow blast cells, a diagnosis of ALL, L1 was made. Immunophenotyping showed the blast cells of both twins expressed similar antigens, i.e. HLA-DR, CD10, CD13, CD19, CD22 and CD34. Identical blood group, same HLA (human leucocyte antigen) genotype, sex and similar appearance suggest that the twins are monozygotic. Since the bone marrow leukemic cells of both twins were identical in morphology and expressed the same antigens with almost similar percentages of positivity, it is likely that the blast cells were derived from the same single clone. Based on the single clone hypothesis, the leukemogenic event must have arisen in utero in one twin and the cells from the abnormal clone then spread to the other twin via shared placental anastomoses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  4. Fulltext Protein and gene expression of leukemia stem cells markers in acute myeloid leukemia
    Amrina Mohamad Amin, Maha Abdullah, Sabariah Md Noor, Raudhawati Osman, Wan Hayati Mohd Yaacob, Cheong Soon Keng
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):23-23.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a clonal haematological neoplasm characterised by proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow resulting in impairment normal cell development in bone marrow. This leads to anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. AML primarily affects older adults, with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years but is also seen in all other age groups. AML is recognized as a kind of cancer with marked heterogeneity in both biology of the cells and reactions to treatment. Treatment with intensive chemotherapy regi-mens of adult AML patients who are ≤ 60 years old results in hematologic remission in about 35% of patients, but at least 30% of these patients will experience a relapse. Mechanism leading to early relapse is still unclear. Leukaemia stem cell (LSC) is shown to correlate with poor prognosis. Biomarkers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD34+CD38- have been identified as potential LSC biomarkers in previous studies. The objective of this study is to examine the expression of such markers for LSC and determine the association. Methods: Peripheral blood or bone marrow samples from untreated, newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemias of all age, gender and race were collect-ed from Hospital Melaka and Kelang. Diagnosis of AML is based on WHO classification which include morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirate samples by gradient density centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque. Immunophenotyping using CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34, CD38 and ALDH were carried out to identify the presence and proportion of the various populations of inter-est. Results: There was a strong, positive correlation between ALDH and CD34+CD38- cell population, which was statistically significant (rs = 0.5989, p< 0.05). Conclusion: The strong correlation of ALDH activity and CD34+CD38- expression supported the potential of these biomarkers to identify LSCs cell in AML patients. However, due to the heterogeneity of AML, further studies using more markers and larger sample size are needed to determine the validity and to correlate with disease-free survival rate of AML patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  5. Fulltext Early lineage switch from T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to common B-ALL
    Hafiza, A., Azma, R.Z., Azura, A.H., Azlin, I., Zarina, A.L., Hamidah, N.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(2):131-138.
    MyJurnal
    Leukaemic stem cells have heterogenous differentiation potential. The immunophenotypes of blast cells are usually consistent throughout the disease course even at relapse. Rarely, blast cells may undergo a ‘lineage switch’ during the course of disease especially during relapse. We would like to highlight such a case in a 10- year old boy who presented with a two weeks history of lethargy, poor appetite, low grade fever, respiratory distress, cardiac failure, generalized oedema and hepatosplenomegaly. Full blood count showed a leucocyte count of 41.5x10 9 /L and platelet count of 37x10 9 /L. The peripheral blood film showed presence of numerous blast cells. Bone marrow aspiration revealed a hypercellular marrow, which consisted of mainly blast cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunophenotyping and cytochemistry results were consistent with the diagnosis of Tcell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient achieved remission after treatment with UK ALL 97 protocol, regime B chemotherapy. However, he relapsed seven months after the initial diagnosis with 26% blast cells in the bone marrow aspirate. The majority was L1 blast cells admixed with some L2 blast cells. Immunophenotyping was consistent with common precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The treatment was changed to a more lineage specific chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the patient never achieved remission and was planned for palliative management. This case illustrated a unique and rare case of rapid lineage switch from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to common precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  6. Fulltext Minimal residual disease status in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemias by flow cytometry and their clinical and haematological features
    Azma, R.Z., Zarina, A.L., Hamidah, A., Cheong, SK, Jamal, R., Hamidah, N.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2010;5(1):22-33.
    MyJurnal
    Residual disease in patients with acute leukaemia indicates unfavorable prognosis. The evaluation of remission using flow cytometry allows a better estimation of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases. Patients in morphological marrow remission with presence of blast cells of less than 5%, may still have up to 1010 leukaemic cells. However with flow cytometric analysis, lower levels of the residual leukaemic cells (1 in 104 cells) can be detected and it can be used as a tool to predict relapse. This study compared the presenting clinical and haematological features of children with ALL and their residual disease status determined by flow cytometry. Analysis of their MRD status following remission-induction chemotherapy were done at day-28, week-12 and week-20. The cases were also followed up to five years, to determine their survival status. Their residual disease status by flow cytometric immunophenotyping was also compared with their bone marrow findings morphologically. Thirty-eight cases of precursor B-ALL in pediatric patients from UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC) were analyzed. There was no significant correlation between demographic, clinical and haematological features with MRD status at day-28. However, there was a significant correlation between MRD status by flow cytometry and by morphological marrow examination at week-12. Three cases showed persistent MRD findings until week-20 where two of the cases relapsed and died subsequently. Twenty four patients were still alive after five years of follow up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  7. Fulltext The effect of human mesenchymal stem cell on neutrophil oxidative burst
    Ramasamy, R., Krishna, K., Maqbool, M., Vellasamy, S., Sarmadi, V. H., Abdullah, M., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):11-17.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent, non-haematopoietic stem cells that are
    capable of differentiating into different varieties of mature cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts. There is abundant evidence showing that MSC not only affect the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitors, but also the function of mature cells like lymphocytes and neutrophils. However the effect of MSC on neutrophil function and its responses is not well studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of MSC on neutrophil nitric oxide production. Method: Neutrophils from heparanised venous blood were isolated using Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation followed by Dextran sedimentation and red blood cell (RBC) lysis. Isolated neutrophils were on average of 97% purity as determined by morphologic analysis. MSC were generated from human bone marrow and characterised by immunophenotyping (monoclonal antibodies CD105, CD73 and CD34) using a flowcytometer. In order to test the effects of MSC on neutrophil function, isolated neutrophils were co-cultured in the presence or absence of MSC at different ratios for 24 and 48 hours. The amount of nitric oxide released was used as an indication of oxidative burst and measured using the Griess assay. Result: The results indicate that MSC neither elevate the NO level when cocultured with resting neutrophils nor alone. However MSC profoundly inhibit the secretion of nitric oxide in PMA stimulated neutrophils after 24hr of incubation. Conclusion: MSC exert an immunomodulatory effect on neutrophil by suppressing neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  8. Fulltext Immunological Analysis of the Hepatitis B Virus "a" Determinant Displayed on Chimeric Virus-Like Particles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus Capsid Protein Produced in Sf9 Cells
    Ninyio NN, Ho KL, Ong HK, Yong CY, Chee HY, Hamid M, et al.
    Vaccines (Basel), 2020 Jun 04;8(2).
    PMID: 32512923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020275
    Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) have been widely exploited for various purposes including their use as vaccine candidates, particularly due to their ability to induce stronger immune responses than VLPs consisting of single viral proteins. In the present study, VLPs of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) capsid protein (Nc) displaying the hepatitis B virus "a" determinant (aD) were produced in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. BALB/c mice immunised with the purified chimeric Nc-aD VLPs elicited a sustained titre of anti-aD antibody, which was significantly higher than that elicited by a commercially available hepatitis B vaccine and Escherichia coli-produced Nc-aD VLPs. Immunophenotyping showed that the Sf9-produced Nc-aD VLPs induced proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK1.1 natural killer cells. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)analysis showed the presence of antibody-secreting memory B cells in the mice splenocytes stimulated with the synthetic aD peptide. The significant humoral, natural killer cell and memory B cell immune responses induced by the Sf9-produced Nc-aD VLPs suggest that they present good prospects for use as a hepatitis B vaccine candidate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  9. Characterisation and immunosuppressive activity of human cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Sandrasaigaran P, Algraittee SJR, Ahmad AR, Vidyadaran S, Ramasamy R
    Cytotechnology, 2018 Jun;70(3):1037-1050.
    PMID: 29497876 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0182-4
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert potent immuno-regulatory activities on various immune cells and also differentiate into various mesodermal lineages besides retaining a distinct self-renewal ability. Such exclusive characteristics had enabled MSCs to be recognised as an ideal source for cell-based treatment in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. Thus, considering MSCs for treating degenerative disease of organs with limited regenerative potential such as cartilage would serve as an ideal therapy. This study explored the feasibility of generating human cartilage-derived MSCs (hC-MSCs) from sports injured patients and characterised based on multipotent differentiation and immunosuppressive activities. Cartilage tissues harvested from a non-weight bearing region during an arthroscopy procedure were used to generate MSCs. Despite the classic morphology of fibroblast-like cells and a defined immunophenotyping, MSCs expressed early embryonic transcriptional markers (SOX2, REX1, OCT4 and NANOG) and differentiated into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes when induced accordingly. Upon co-culture with PHA-L activated T-cells, hC-MSCs suppressed the proliferation of the T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although, hC-MSCs did not alter the activation profile of T cells significantly, yet prevented the entering of activated T cells into S phase of the cell cycle by cell cycle arrest. The present study has strengthened the evidence of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells in human cartilage tissue. The endogenous MSCs could be an excellent tool in treating dysregulated immune response that associated with cartilage since hC-MSCs exerted both immunosuppressive and regenerative capabilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  10. Fulltext Sézary syndrome in a Malay--case report and literature review
    Yuen P, Chan HL, Lee YS
    Singapore Med J, 2001 May;42(5):224-7.
    PMID: 11513062
    Sézary syndrome is a rare form of primary cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It is a distinct systemic variant of mycosis fungoides, marked by erythroderma, lymphadenopathy and circulating cerebriform lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. We report a case of Sézary syndrome in a 61-year-old Malay man with a five-year history of indurated plaques, ulcers and tumours on the head and trunk, with characteristic findings on physical examination, skin biopsy, electron microscopy, immunophenotyping and peripheral blood film. A literature review on Sézary syndrome is presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  11. Fulltext Reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in a defined Malaysian population
    Dhaliwal JS, Balasubramaniam T, Quek CK, Gill HK, Nasuruddin BA
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Jun;36(3):288-91.
    PMID: 8553095
    The aim of this study was to establish the lymphocyte subset reference ranges in a defined Malaysian population as well as to determine inter-racial differences for these values. Normal blood obtained from 152 subjects (55.9% Malay, 26.3% Chinese and 17.7% Indian) was immunophenotyped. Results obtained (expressed as mean +/- SD %), absolute count (x 10(6) cells/mm3) were as follows: CD3:66.5 +/- 8.6%, 2,066; CD4:33.2 +/- 8.5%, 1,028; CD831.6 +/- 8.9%, 982; CD19:12.0 +/- 0%, 5,374, and CD56+CD16:20.9 +/- 9%, 1,638. There were no significant differences between the percent lymphocyte subsets of the three racial groups. However, the absolute number of CD4 cells and CD19 cells in Chinese was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the Indian and the Indian and Malay groups respectively. Comparison of our results with other reports showed that the percentage of Natural Killer cells in this population is higher than that reported for Caucasian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  12. Fulltext A case of t(14; 18)-negative follicular lymphoma with atypical immunophenotype: usefulness of immunoarchitecture of Ki67, CD79a and follicular dendritic cell meshwork in making the diagnosis
    Wong Y, Abdul-Rahman F, Samsudin AT, Masir N
    Malays J Pathol, 2014 Aug;36(2):125-9.
    PMID: 25194535 MyJurnal
    Follicular lymphoma is characterised by the t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation causing BCL2 protein overexpression. A proportion of follicular lymphomas do not carry the t(14;18) translocation and lacked BCL2 protein expression. We describe a case of a BCL2 protein- and t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphoma that caused diagnostic difficulty. The usefulness of several immunomarkers including Ki67, CD79a and CD21 in aiding the diagnosis is discussed. The patient is a 51-year-old male who presented with gradually enlarging lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination of the lymph node showed complete architectural effacement by neoplastic follicles containing expanded CD21-positive follicular dendritic cell meshwork. The neoplastic cells expressed pan-B cell markers (CD20, CD79a) and germinal centre marker (BCL6) but not BCL2 and CD10. Of interest are the staining patterns of Ki67 and CD79a. We observed that the Ki67- positive proliferating cells were evenly distributed within the neoplastic follicles without zonation. In addition, CD79a was homogeneously strong within the neoplastic follicles. These staining patterns were distinctly different from that observed in reactive lymphoid follicles. Fluorescent insitu hybridisation (FISH) analysis however showed absence of BCL2 gene rearrangement. Despite the atypical immunophenotype and lack of BCL2 gene rearrangement, the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma was made based on careful observation of the morphology as well as immunoarchitecture of the Ki67, CD79a and CD21 markers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  13. Fulltext Diverse effects of lead nitrate on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression of stem cells isolated from a dental origin
    Abdullah M, Rahman FA, Gnanasegaran N, Govindasamy V, Abu Kasim NH, Musa S
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:235941.
    PMID: 24616615 DOI: 10.1155/2014/235941
    Lead (Pb(2+)) exposure continues to be a significant public health problem. Therefore, it is vital to have a continuous epidemiological dataset for a better understanding of Pb(2+) toxicity. In the present study, we have exposed stem cells isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth, periodontal ligament, and bone marrow to five different types of Pb(2+) concentrations (160, 80, 40, 20, and 10 µM) for 24 hours to identify the adverse effects of Pb(2+) on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression on these cell lines. We found that Pb(2+) treatment altered the morphology and adhesion of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. There were no significant changes in terms of cell surface phenotypes. Cells exposed to Pb(2+) continued to differentiate into chondrogenesis and adipogenesis, and a severe downregulation was observed in osteogenesis. Gene expression studies revealed a constant expression of key markers associated with stemness (Oct 4, Rex 1) and DNA repair enzyme markers, but downregulation occurred with some ectoderm and endoderm markers, demonstrating an irregular and untimely differentiation trail. Our study revealed for the first time that Pb(2+) exposure not only affects the phenotypic characteristics but also induces significant alteration in the differentiation and gene expression in the cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  14. Fulltext Transfected human mesenchymal stem cells do not lose their surface markers and differentiation properties
    Yap FL, Cheong SK, Ammu R, Leong CF
    Malays J Pathol, 2009 Dec;31(2):113-20.
    PMID: 20514854 MyJurnal
    In this study, we evaluated the biological properties of human mesenchymal stem cells transfected (hMSC) with a plasmid vector expressing human cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12). Surface markers were analysed by immunophenotyping using flow cytometry. Differentiation capability was evaluated towards adipogenesis and osteogenesis. We demonstrated that successfully transfected hMSC retained their surface immunophenotypes and differentiation potential into adipocytes and osteocytes. These results indicate that hMSC may be a suitable vehicle for gene transduction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  15. TEL-AML1 frequency in multi-ethnic Malaysian pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    Gill HK, Keoh TS, Dhaliwal JS, Moore S, Kim TS, Hassan R, et al.
    Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 2005 Jan 15;156(2):129-33.
    PMID: 15642392
    Eighty-eight multi-ethnic Malaysian pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were screened for the TEL-AML1 rearrangement by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used as an independent screen for 30 cases and to confirm RT-PCR positive cases. Seventeen patients, or 19%, were found to be t(12;21) positive. Ethnically the group comprised 12 Malays, 4 Chinese, and 1 Indian. All patients, including 1 with an unusual blast cell morphology who suffered an early relapse and death, were characteristic TEL-AML1 cases in cell count, age, ALL subset classification, and fusion transcript expressed. This study shows that in Malaysia, TEL-AML1 is found in the same distinct ALL subset and at a similar frequency as in other diverse childhood ALL cohorts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  16. Fulltext Phenotypic and functional characterization of long-term cryopreserved human adipose-derived stem cells
    Yong KW, Pingguan-Murphy B, Xu F, Abas WA, Choi JR, Omar SZ, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:9596.
    PMID: 25872464 DOI: 10.1038/srep09596
    Cryopreservation represents an effective technique to maintain the functional properties of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and allows pooling of cells via long-term storage for clinical applications, e.g., cell-based therapies. It is crucial to reduce freezing injury during the cryopreservation process by loading the ASCs with the optimum concentration of suitable cryoprotective agents (CPAs). In this study, human ASCs were preserved for 3 months in different combinations of CPAs, including 1) 0.25 M trehalose; 2) 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); 3) 10% DMSO; 4) 5% DMSO + 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS); 5) 10% DMSO + 20% FBS; 6) 10% DMSO + 90% FBS. Interestingly, even with a reduction of DMSO to 5% and without FBS, cryopreserved ASCs maintained high cell viability comparable with standard cryomedium (10% DMSO + 90% FBS), with normal cell phenotype and proliferation rate. Cryopreserved ASCs also maintained their differentiation capability (e.g., to adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes) and showed an enhanced expression level of stemness markers (e.g., NANOG, OCT-4, SOX-2 and REX-1). Our findings suggest that 5% DMSO without FBS may be an ideal CPA for an efficient long-term cryopreservation of human ASCs. These results aid in establishing standardized xeno-free long-term cryopreservation of human ASCs for clinical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  17. An immunohistochemical study of the lining epithelium of odontogenic keratocyst
    Siar CH, Ng KH
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1995 Sep;37(3):163-9.
    PMID: 7490610
    The lining epithelium of 15 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) was evaluated immunohistochemically. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was applied to study the distribution of polyclonal keratin and S-100 protein while the indirect method was used to examine monoclonal vimentin and desmin reactivity. Consistent positive keratin staining was revealed in the lining epithelium of all 15 OKCs with additional intense staining in the stratum corneum. None of the cases showed vimentin or desmin reactivity within the lining epithelium elements. One of the 15 cysts studied showed positive S-100 protein staining in the nuclei of the lining epithelial cells. The pertinent literature on the immunophenotyping of the lining epithelium of OKC is reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  18. Fulltext Nasal and nasal-type natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma: immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association
    Peh SC, Danielle Quen QW
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):196-204.
    PMID: 14569739
    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is believed to have a pathogenic role in lymphomas of the upper-aerodigestive tract. This study aims to elucidate the virus association pattern in nasal and nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas, and in sequential biopsies of these tumours. A total of 31 cases of previously diagnosed as lethal midline granuloma. Stewart's granuloma, nasal T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-NHL) and NK/T-cell lymphomas from all anatomical sites were retrieved from the files for the study. Reviews of these cases confirm 8 nasal T-NHL, 19 nasal and 4 extranasal lymphomas of NK/T-cell phenotype from 10 Malays, 18 Chinese, 2 Indian and 1 Kadazan. The male: female ratio was 2.4: 1. All T- and NK/T-cell lymphomas strongly expressed TIA-1 and 63% expressed CD2. The majority of NK/T-cell lymphoma occurred in Chinese (13/23), of which 12/13 (92%) of these cases were associated with EBV. Of the 15 nasal and 9 tonsillar B-cell lymphomas included for a comparison study, only 3 (20%) of the nasal cases were associated with EBV (1 male Chinese, 1 female Chinese and 1 male of other ethnic group). Eight cases of NK/T-cell tumours with sequential biopsies show persistence of EBV, irrespective of the interval and sites of subsequent presentations. This study confirms the cytotoxic nature of NK/T-cell tumour and that EBV is strongly associated with the disease regardless of the anatomical site of presentation and ethnicity. However, nasal and paranasal lymphomas of all phenotypes appear to show higher predilection of EBV association in the ethnic Chinese when compared to non-Chinese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  19. Potential of human decidua stem cells for angiogenesis and neurogenesis
    Hayati AR, Nur Fariha MM, Tan GC, Tan AE, Chua K
    Arch Med Res, 2011 May;42(4):291-300.
    PMID: 21820607 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.06.005
    Placenta as a fetomaternal organ is a potential source of fetal as well as maternal stem cells. This present study describes novel properties of the cells isolated from the maternal part of term placenta membrane, the decidua basalis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
  20. Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or MUC1 expression in monocytes and monoblasts
    Leong CF, Raudhawati O, Cheong SK, Sivagengei K, Noor Hamidah H
    Pathology, 2003 Oct;35(5):422-7.
    PMID: 14555387
    AIMS: Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or MUC1 belongs to a heterogeneous group of heavily glycosylated proteins and is expressed in most normal and epithelial neoplastic cells. EMA is also expressed in plasma cells, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 antigen), malignant histiocytosis and erythroleukaemia. In 1996, Cheong et al. (Hematology 1996; 1: 223) demonstrated the positive expression of EMA in monoblasts. Since there were very few useful markers for differentiating subtypes of acute myeloid leukaemia with a monocytic component from the those without, a study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of EMA expression and its relationship with known markers for monocytic-macrophage lineage (CD11c, CD14 and intracellular CD68) in monocytes and monoblasts.

    METHODS: EMA detection was performed by flow cytometry in monocytes and monoblasts. EMA expression was compared with other known markers of monocytic-macrophage lineage (CD11c, CD14 and intracellular CD68). Samples of purified monocytes were obtained from 20 healthy volunteers. Twenty-two cases of monocytic AML (M4 and M5) were studied and controls were selected from 20 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 18 cases of non-monocytic AML (M0, M1, M2, M3, and M7).

    RESULTS: EMA was shown to be expressed strongly on the surface of all purified monocytes. EMA expression was observed on blast cells in 18/22 (81.8%) cases of AML M4 and M5, but not in that of non-monocytic AML or ALL. In this study EMA monoclonal antibody has demonstrated a strong association (P<0.001) with all the other known markers of monocytic-macrophage lineage in acute leukaemia subtypes. EMA had also shown 100% specificity and 81.8% sensitivity in the diagnosis of AML M4 and M5.

    CONCLUSIONS: The monoclonal antibody EMA (clone E29) is a useful marker in the classification of acute myeloid leukaemia and can be used as a supplementary analysis for the diagnosis of acute leukemia with monocytic involvement.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunophenotyping
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