Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 50 in total

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  1. Mesoporous graphitic carbon electrodes derived from boat-fruited shells of Sterculia Foetida for symmetric supercapacitors for energy storage applications
    Boopathi G, Ragavan R, Jaimohan SM, Sagadevan S, Kim I, Pandurangan A, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2024 Jan;348:140650.
    PMID: 37951405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140650
    In recent years, intensive research efforts have focused on translating biomass waste into value-added carbon materials broadcasted for their significant role in energy and environmental applications. For the first time, high-performance carbonaceous materials for energy storage applications were developed from the multi-void structure of the boat-fruited shells of Sterculia Foetida (SF). In that view, synthesized mesoporous graphitic activated carbon (g-AC) via the combination of carbonization at various elevating temperatures of 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively, and alkali activation by KOH, with a high specific surface area of 1040.5 m2 g-1 and a mesopore volume of 0.295 cm3 g-1. In a three-electrode configuration, the improved electrode (SF-K900) exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior, which was observed in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M H2SO4) with a high specific capacitance of 308.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, owing to the interconnected mesopore structures and high surface area of SF-K900. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) delivered the specific capacitance of 138 F/g at 1 A/g with a high energy density (ED) of 13.4 Wh/kg at the power density (PD) of 24.12 kW/kg with remarkable cycle stability and supercapacitive retention of 93% over 5000 cycles. Based on the findings, it is possible to develop low-cost active electrode materials for high-rate performance SSC using mesoporous g-AC derived from SF boat-fruited shells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  2. Tributyltin distribution in the coastal environment of Peninsular Malaysia
    Tong SL, Pang FY, Phang SM, Lai HC
    Environ Pollut, 1996;91(2):209-16.
    PMID: 15091442
    The occurrence of tributyltin (TBT) is reported in the coastal waters of a few selected sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Water, bivalves and sediment samples collected were analysed specifically for TBT using sensitive analytical methods which involved a solvent extraction procedure with appropriate clean-up followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric measurements. The levels of TBT in the seawater in unexposed areas were found in the range from <3.4 to 20 ng litre(-1) as compared to coastal areas with high boat and ship activities where TBT levels in seawater were generally above 30 ng litre(-1), with the highest level found at 281.8 ng litre(-1). TBT levels in the tissues of random cockle and soft-shell clam samples from local markets were found in the range from <0.5 to 3.7 ng g(-1) wet weight. The levels of TBT found in green mussel samples both from the market (23.5 ng g(-1) wet weight) and those from a mussel farm (14.2 ng g(-1) wet weight) indicate slight accumulation of TBT. In sediments, TBT levels were found ranging from <0.7 ng g(-1) dry weight in unexposed coastal sites to as high as 216.5 ng g(-1) dry weight for a site within a port area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  3. Fulltext A Finite Element Model for Dynamic Analysis of Triple-Layer Composite Plates with Layers Connected by Shear Connectors Subjected to Moving Load
    Nguyen HN, Nguyen TY, Tran KV, Tran TT, Nguyen TT, Phan VD, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2019 Feb 16;12(4).
    PMID: 30781542 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040598
    Triple-layered composite plates are created by joining three composite layers using shear connectors. These layers, which are assumed to be always in contact and able to move relatively to each other during deformation, could be the same or different in geometric dimensions and material. They are applied in various engineering fields such as ship-building, aircraft wing manufacturing, etc. However, there are only a few publications regarding the calculation of this kind of plate. This paper proposes novel equations, which utilize Mindlin's theory and finite element modelling to simulate the forced vibration of triple-layered composite plates with layers connected by shear connectors subjected to a moving load. Moreover, a Matlab computation program is introduced to verify the reliability of the proposed equations, as well as the influence of some parameters, such as boundary conditions, the rigidity of the shear connector, thickness-to-length ratio, and the moving load velocity on the dynamic response of the composite plate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  4. Inventory routing problem with carbon emission consideration
    Nur Arina Bazilah Aziz
    MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(1):39-49.
    MyJurnal
    Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) has been continuously developed and improved due to pressure from global warming issue particularly related to greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. The burning of fossil fuel for transportations such as cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes primarily emits GHGs. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from burning of fossil fuel to power transportation and industrial process is the largest contributor to global GHGs emission. Therefore, the focus of this study is on solving a multi-period inventory routing problem (MIRP) involving carbon emission consideration based on carbon cap and offset policy. Hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) based on allocation first and routing second is used to compute a solution for the MIRP in this study. The objective of this study is to solve the proposed MIRP model with HGA then validate the effectiveness of the proposed HGA on data of different sizes. Upon validation, the proposed MIRP model and HGA is applied on real-world data. The HGA is found to be able to solve small size and large size instances effectively by providing near optimal solution in relatively short CPU execution time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  5. Fulltext MANEUVERING PERFORMANCE OF TUGBOAT USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) APPROACH
    LIM XUE YEN, AHMAD FITRIADHY
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(1):17-24.
    MyJurnal
    Concerning on navigational safety of a ship, comprehensive investigation of manoeuvrability of the ship is prominently required. The turning instability due to improper speed and magnitude of the rudder angle is vulnerable to serious accidents such as collision especially in the confined waters. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamic analyses on manoeuvrability performance of a tug in calm water. Here, the characteristics of the turning ability and zig-zag characteristics of the tug has been assessed due to effect of the various angles of twin-rudder and turning speeds. The results revealed that the increase of rudder’s angle resulted in subsequent reduction of her advance diameter from 144 m, 108 m, 96 m to 92 m. While for zig zag manoeuvre, the first overshoot angle is 0.6° and 1.08° for 10°/10° and 20°/20° rudder’s angle respectively. The first overshoot and second overshoot angle are within the IMO criteria which is below 20° and 25°. However, the increase of turning speed from 7 knots to 9 knots has been proportional with the increase of the turning diameter (advance diameter) from 70 m to 105.2 m. Basically, the turning performances of the tug manoeuvring with the turning speed of 7 to 9 knots incorporated with rudder’s angle 20°, 25°, 30° and 35° have been complied with IMO manoeuvring standards. This preliminary analysis contributes very valuable findings at early ship design stage to provide a safety of the navigational guidance for turning ability of the tug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  6. Fulltext THE EFFECT OF TRAWL BOARD PULL-OVER LOAD ON SUBSEA PIPELINE OF OFFSHORE SABAH
    MOHD ASLAN MOLENG, AHMAD FAIZAL AHMAD FUAD, MOHD HAFIZI SAID
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):9-16.
    MyJurnal
    Trawling is a method of catching fish in a large volume where fish net is pulled through water using one or two boats. Bottom trawling is where the nets are pulled over or close to seabed and can affect the subsea pipeline if found along the route. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of pull-over to selected subsea pipelines in Sabah and Labuan waters. This study involved four oil and gas pipelines in Sabah and Labuan waters from the oil fields to shore terminals. The research started with obtaining data of the pipelines and specification of trawl gear in Sabah. Fishing trawler traffic data along the pipelines route was determined by AIS system and site observation to determine the density of the trawlers. Trawl gear pull-over load was calculated using DNV algorithm and the inputs were trawl gear specification ^and fishing trawl speed. The severity was based on pull-over load calculated and pipeline yield stress. Then frequency was based on AIS data and density of fishing trawl per area. Based on the comparison between trawl pull-over load and yield strength/stress, the effect of trawl board pull-over is considered as minor, which is the lowest in the severity index.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  7. Fulltext The Distribution of Nesting White-bellied Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) in Penang National Park, Malaysia: Conservation and Management Issues
    Azman NM, Zainudin MS, Sah SA, Latip NS
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2013 Dec;24(2):51-64.
    PMID: 24575248 MyJurnal
    Taman Negara Pulau Pinang (Penang National Park) is the only site on Pulau Pinang that supports a large population of the White-bellied Sea-eagle (WBSE) Haliaeetus leucogaster; however, the nesting sites of WBSEs have not been widely studied. As information on the location of WBSE nesting sites is very important for conservation works by local authorities, the objective of this study was to determine the distribution of nesting WBSEs in the coastal dipterocarp forest of Penang National Park. Surveys were conducted from December 2007 to July 2008 and October 2008 to April 2009, covering the breeding season of the species (September-July). The nesting sites were observed by boat along the coastline of Penang National Park and by performing ground surveys along the seashore at accessible areas; the nest survey was conducted three days/month from 0900 to 1500. A total of 34 WBSE nesting sites was located. Most of the occupied nests (seven nests) were found at Muka Head and Pantai Kerachut areas, which exhibit the densest concentration of occupied WBSE habitat in Penang National Park. WBSEs preferred to build their nests around Muka Head, which could be due to the frequent occurrence of whirlpools in the water body around that area. Aquatic animals, such as sea snakes and fish, stunned by the whirlpools would emerge to the sea surface, facilitating the foraging and feeding of WBSEs. Our results indicate that it is important to maintain and improve areas of suitable nesting habitat for WBSEs. Management actions should include (1) the yearly monitoring of known breeding sites throughout Penang National Park during the breeding season to determine breeding success over time, (2) recognising the critical habitat or nest-site selection of WBSEs, (3) establishment of a buffer zone surrounding nesting sites and potential habitat from human disturbance, and (4) encouraging on-going research to further understand this species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  8. Prevalence and type of injuries and its associated factors among small scale fishermen in Northern Kedah
    Abdul Rashid, K., Narayan, K.A., Azizah, A.M.
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2007;4(1):5-9.
    MyJurnal
    Fishing industry in Malaysia is dominated by small scale fishing, scattered along the coast of the country. The risk associated with fishing industry is well known but few studies have been done among those in the small scale fishing community. Fishermen not only have to cope with the uncertainty of nature but also the physical demands of the occupation. The objective of the study was to determine the injuries and its associated factors related to the small scale fishing industry. The study was conducted in a fishing village in northern Malaysia, which was hit by tsunami. Most of the boats and fishing gear were donated by many relief agencies. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. 50 (83.3%) of the 60 fishermen had consented for the study. All the fishermen were Malays males. 46% (n=23) of the fishermen reported to having sustained injuries. Most of the injuries occurred offshore (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  9. Fulltext Data on dissolved metals in Terengganu waters of South China Sea during pre-, post-, and Northeast Monsoon season
    Ariffin MM, Adiana G, Bidai J, Hing LS, Nurulnadia MY, Ong MC, et al.
    Data Brief, 2019 Dec;27:104806.
    PMID: 31788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104806
    Metals are natural elements existed in the environment. However, due to the rapid development of urbanisation and economic, high content of anthropogenic metals are being perceived in polluting the environment. The oceans are known to be a part of the sinking basin for anthropogenic metals ends. Dataset provided is purposely to give an overview of dissolved metals spatial distribution in the South China Sea off the east Peninsular of Malaysia during the pre-, post- and Northeast (NE) Monsoon period. Seawater samples were collected in a grid of 18 stations at 3 different water depth. Dissolved metals were pre-concentrated on-board ship using Chelex-100 resin and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICPMS). The dataset shows the effect of NE Monsoon on dissolved metals spatial distribution mainly at the area closer to the land. Therefore, this dataset could reveal the past information on anthropogenic metals intrusion in the South China Sea, since Terengganu state was recently pointed to be one of the Malaysian waterfront city. Additionally, this dataset also could help in studying the cycle of metals in the southern South China Sea waters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  10. From port to planet: Assessing NO2 pollution and climate change effects with Sentinel-5p satellite imagery in maritime zones
    Abdullah MA, Chuah LF, Abdullah SB, Bokhari A, Syed A, Elgorban AM, et al.
    Environ Res, 2024 Sep 15;257:119328.
    PMID: 38851369 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119328
    The growing effects of climate change on Malaysia's coastal ecology heighten worries about air pollution, specifically caused by urbanization and industrial activity in the maritime sector. Trucks and vessels are particularly noteworthy for their substantial contribution to gas emissions, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is the primary gas released in port areas. The application of advanced analysis techniques was spurred by the air pollution resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels such as fuel oil, natural gas and gasoline in vessels. The study utilized satellite photos captured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5P satellite to evaluate the levels of NO2 gas pollution in Malaysia's port areas and exclusive economic zone. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, unrestricted gas emissions led to persistently high levels of NO2 in the analyzed areas. The temporary cessation of marine industry operations caused by the pandemic, along with the halting of vessels to prevent the spread of COVID-19, resulted in a noticeable decrease in NO2 gas pollution. In light of these favourable advancements, it is imperative to emphasize the need for continuous investigation and collaborative endeavours to further alleviate air contamination in Malaysian port regions, while simultaneously acknowledging the wider consequences of climate change on the coastal ecology. The study underscores the interdependence of air pollution, maritime activities and climate change. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that tackle both immediate environmental issues and the long-term sustainability and resilience of coastal ecosystems in the context of global climate challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  11. A preliminary study of total petrogenic hydrocarbon distribution in Setiu Wetland, southern South China Sea (Malaysia)
    Suratman S, Tahir NM, Latif MT
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2012 May;88(5):755-8.
    PMID: 22392007 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0574-2
    The distribution of total petrogenic hydrocarbon was investigated in the subsurface water of Setiu Wetland from July to October 2008. The concentration was quantified by UV-fluorescence spectroscopy and ranged from 4 to 121 μg/L (mean 60 ± 41 μg/L). Higher total petrogenic hydrocarbon concentrations were found in area with high boating activities suggesting that the contribution is likely related to fossil fuel combustion. The present study also revealed that the total petrogenic hydrocarbon values are still lower that those reported in Malaysian coastal waters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships/statistics & numerical data
  12. The characteristics of vibrotactile perception threshold among shipyard workers in a tropical environment
    Tamrin SB, Jamalohdin MN, Ng YG, Maeda S, Ali NA
    Ind Health, 2012;50(2):156-63.
    PMID: 22293728
    The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and the characteristics of the vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) among users of hand-held vibrating tools working in a tropical environment. A cross sectional study was done among 47 shipyard workers using instruments and a questionnaire to determine HAVS related symptoms. The vibration acceleration magnitude was determined using a Human Vibration Meter (Maestro). A P8 Pallesthesiometer (EMSON-MAT, Poland) was used to determine the VPT of index and little finger at frequencies of 31.5 Hz and 125 Hz. The mean reference threshold shift was determined from the reference threshold shift derived from the VPT value. The results show a moderate prevalence of HAVS (49%) among the shipyard workers. They were exposed to the same high intensity level of HAVS (mean = 4.19 ± 1.94 m/s(2)) from the use of vibrating hand-held tools. The VPT values were found to be higher for both fingers and both frequencies (index, 31.5 Hz = 110.91 ± 7.36 dB, 125 Hz = 117.0 ± 10.25 dB; little, 31.5 Hz = 110.70 ± 6.75 dB, 125 Hz = 117.71 ± 10.25 dB) compared to the normal healthy population with a mean threshold shift of between 9.20 to 10.61 decibels. The frequency of 31.5 Hz had a higher percentage of positive mean reference threshold shift (index finger=93.6%, little finger=100%) compared to 125 Hz (index finger=85.1%, little finger=78.7%). In conclusion, the prevalence of HAVS was lower than those working in a cold environment; however, all workers had a higher mean VPT value compared to the normal population with all those reported as having HAVS showing a positive mean reference threshold shift of VPT value.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships*
  13. Factors affecting survival in the transportation of sheep by sea in the tropics and subtropics
    Gardiner MR, Craig J
    Aust. Vet. J., 1970 Feb;46(2):65-9.
    PMID: 5463722
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships*
  14. Oryong 501 sinking incident in the Bering Sea-International DVI cooperation in the Asia Pacific
    Chung NE, Castilani A, Tierra WE, Beh P, Mahmood MS
    Forensic Sci Int, 2017 Sep;278:367-373.
    PMID: 28806635 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.030
    On December 1st, 2014, the sinking of Oryong 501 occurred in the Bering Sea off the east coast of Russia. A total of 60 crew members, including 35 Indonesians, 13 Filipinos, 11 South Koreans and 1 Russian inspector were on board out of which only seven survived. Through an international rescue operation, the dead bodies of 27 were found and the remaining 26 crew are still missing. After transferring the dead bodies to the Busan Harbor in South Korea, the operation to identify the deceased began involving DVI teams from three countries: Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines. When a deep sea fishing boat sinks, it is very difficult to obtain antemortem data of the crew who had been on board for a long time. This is especially so if the crews are multinational. Further, the accuracy of the antemortem data provided by the families may be questionable, and the provided data is often not standardized. Despite the fact that the antemortem data were received in different formats, the identification process for the bodies of the 27 crew from the Oryong sinking was quickly completed through the cooperation among the three DVI teams. This case is an excellent example of how efficiently a DVI operation can be conducted in the Asia Pacific region. Issues raised during this operation should enable even better preparation for similar events in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships*
  15. Behaviors of 323Th, 238U, 228Ra and 226Ra on combustion of crude oil terminal sludge
    Puad HA, Noor MY
    J Environ Radioact, 2004;73(3):289-305.
    PMID: 15050361
    Crude oil terminal sludge contains technologically enhanced naturally occurring radionuclides such as (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra, thus cannot be disposed of freely without proper control. The current method of disposal, such as land farming and storing in plastic drums is not recommended because it will have a long-term impact on the environment. Due to its organic nature, there is a move to treat this sludge by thermal methods such as incineration. This study has been carried out to determine the behaviors of (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra present in the sludge during combustion at a certain temperature and time. The percentage of volatilization was found to vary between 2% and 70%, (238)U was the most volatile in comparison with (232)Th, (228)Ra and (226)Ra. (238)U is found to be significantly volatilized above 500 degrees C, and might reach maximum volatilization at above 700 degrees C. A mathematical model was developed to predict the percentage of volatilization of (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra contained in the sludge. With this known percentage of volatilization, the concentration of (232)Th, (238)U, (228)Ra and (226)Ra present in the bottom and filter ashes can be calculated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  16. Citizen science frontiers horseshoe crab population regain at their spawning beach in East Peninsular Malaysia
    Mat Zauki NA, Satyanarayana B, Fairuz-Fozi N, Nelson BR, Martin MB, Akbar-John B, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2019 Feb 15;232:1012-1020.
    PMID: 33395753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.002
    Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas may co-exist and share common spawning grounds elsewhere but at Balok (East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia), C. rotundicauda is an understudied species. Neglected as research candidate because of inaccessible spawning grounds, smaller size and less commercial value than T. gigas and also, difficulty to attain from the wild has made C. rotundicauda population status remaining unidentified at Balok. This standpoint drove the present attempt because anthropic activities like structure placement and mining are point-source for runoffs that load sediments into Balok River. While erosion-accretion events have altered Balok River width, the shore sediments in Balok Beach were transitioned between medium-fine and fine sand between years 2012 and 2016. Eventually by year 2016, the C. rotundicauda were depositing 5117 eggs in 91 nests from 200 to 1000 m range along this corridor facing South China Sea. From this yield, C. rotundicauda released 2880 eggs in 56 nests during the Southwest monsoon, 1254 eggs in 19 nests during the Northeast monsoon and 983 eggs in 16 nests during the Inter-monsoon seasons. Though female C. rotundicauda opted to lay their eggs in shallow burrows at lower shorelines, the absence of erosion and substantial silt and clay (>20%) deposition facilitates C. rotundicauda embryogenesis with brief periods of temperature and salinity shocks during day-time falling tides. This encourages C. rotundicauda to emerge with increasing abundance and carry out bi-monthly spawning at Balok Beach. In short, shore restoration initiatives like systematic boat docking, proper disposal of nets and waste and, periodic fish-catching operations were effectively led by the Balok fisher citizen scientist. This successful community joint-cooperation proves that citizen-led caretaking of degraded beaches offers marine life protection and are practical for coastal area management especially at areas where other oviparous animals such as turtles and crocodiles are harboured.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  17. Fulltext Complete plastome sequence of Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae): a vulnerable (VU) plant species in Southeast Asia
    Wang JH, Zhao KK, Zhu ZX, Wang HF
    Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2018 Oct 03;3(2):1145-1146.
    PMID: 33490565 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1522977
    Vatica mangachapoi is a tree up to 20 m tall with white resinous. It is distributed in China (Hainan province), Indonesia, Malaysia (N Borneo), Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. It grows in forests on hills and mountain slopes below 700 metres. Its durable wood is used for making boats and building bridges and houses. It has been ranked as a VU (Vulnerable) species in China. Here we report and characterize the complete plastid genome sequence of V. mangachapoi in an effort to provide genomic resources useful for promoting its conservation and phylogenetic research. The complete plastome is 151,538 bp in length and contains the typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two Inverted Repeat (IR) regions of 23,921 bp, a Large Single-Copy (LSC) region of 83,587 bp and a Small Single-Copy (SSC) region of 20,109 bp. The plastome contains 114 genes, consisting of 80 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene, and 4 unique rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of V. mangachapoi is 62.80%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that V. mangachapoi and V. odorata is closely related and as an independent branch in Malvales in our study. The complete plastome sequence of V. mangachapoi will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species and for the phylogenetic studies for Vatica.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  18. Gastric-tube feeding in premature infants and bacterial contamination
    Chye, J.K., Ngeow, Y.F., Lim, C.T.
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(2):189-194.
    MyJurnal
    Twelve premature infants were studied prospectively to determine the extent and pattern of bacterial contamination in nasogastric tube (NGT) milk residues. Of the 60 NGT milk residue samples cultured, 49 (82%) had bacterial isolates; 34 (69%) samples with multiple organisms. Gram negative organisms were the predominant species; Klebsiella spp. (32%), Pseudomonas spp. (16%), Acinetobacter spp. (14%), Enterobacter spp. (11%) and Escherichia coli (11%). The antibiograms of these organisms indicated the environment as the main source of bacteria for the NGT colonisation. However, the relation-ship of high rates of isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria in NGT milk residues and the risks of infection to these infants is unclear and needs further evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  19. Fulltext Marine mammals in the waters of East Coast Johor, Malaysia
    Jaaman, S.A., Mohamed, C.A.R.
    ASM Science Journal, 2014;8(2):143-149.
    MyJurnal
    Marine mammal searches were opportunistically conducted during the East Coast Johor Scientific Expedition (ECJSE) on 21-30 May 2012, on a live-on-board (LOB) diving vessel, MV BLACK PEARL. The expedition was designed mainly to survey coral reef ecosystems and water quality. Daylight visual observations of the sea were undertaken during sailing and stopping/anchored from the most upper open-deck of the vessel. The survey resulted in two sightings of long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis), each at Pulau Aur and Pulau Tinggi. Both observations were brief (< 5 minutes) and were made when the vessel was anchored. Based on anecdotal evidences, skeletal remains and previous surveys, the vulnerable dugong, Indo-Pacific bottlenose, Indo-Pacific humpback, Irrawaddy and long-beaked common dolphins, the false killer and pygmy killer whales, and the baleen whales are known to occur in the East Coast Johor waters, at least occasionally. The low sighting rate with marine mammals during this survey is highly likely caused by the survey design and also may be due to the environmental conditions and ecological factors. Dedicated and periodical boat and aerial surveys for marine mammals need to be conducted to determine species diversity and to understand the seasonality, habitat use, and social interactions of the marine mammal populations in the area. The findings will be most useful for marine park and fisheries authorities to plan conservation management strategies for marine mammals and promote their conservation through eco-tourism activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
  20. Fulltext International links between Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine serotype 4 sequence type (ST) 801 in Northern European shipyard outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease
    Gladstone RA, Siira L, Brynildsrud OB, Vestrheim DF, Turner P, Clarke SC, et al.
    Vaccine, 2022 Feb 11;40(7):1054-1060.
    PMID: 34996643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.046
    BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal disease outbreaks of vaccine preventable serotype 4 sequence type (ST)801 in shipyards have been reported in several countries. We aimed to use genomics to establish any international links between them.

    METHODS: Sequence data from ST801-related outbreak isolates from Norway (n = 17), Finland (n = 11) and Northern Ireland (n = 2) were combined with invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance from the respective countries, and ST801-related genomes from an international collection (n = 41 of > 40,000), totalling 106 genomes. Raw data were mapped and recombination excluded before phylogenetic dating.

    RESULTS: Outbreak isolates were relatively diverse, with up to 100 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and a common ancestor estimated around the year 2000. However, 19 Norwegian and Finnish isolates were nearly indistinguishable (0-2 SNPs) with the common ancestor dated around 2017.

    CONCLUSION: The total diversity of ST801 within the outbreaks could not be explained by recent transmission alone, suggesting that harsh environmental and associated living conditions reported in the shipyards may facilitate invasion of colonising pneumococci. However, near identical strains in the Norwegian and Finnish outbreaks does suggest that transmission between international shipyards also contributed to those outbreaks. This indicates the need for improved preventative measures in this working population including pneumococcal vaccination.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ships
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