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Fulltext Recombinant Production and Characterization of an Extracellular Subtilisin-Like Serine Protease from Acinetobacter baumannii of Fermented Food Origin

Muhammed NS, Hussin N, Lim AS, Jonet MA, Mohamad SE, Jamaluddin H

Protein J, 2021 06;40(3):419-435.
PMID: 33870461 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09986-5

Acinetobacter baumannii is a ubiquitous bacteria that is increasingly becoming a formidable nosocomial pathogen. Due to its clinical relevance, studies on the bacteria's secretory molecules especially extracellular proteases are of interest primarily in relation to the enzyme's role in virulence. Besides, favorable properties that extracellular proteases possess may be exploited for commercial use thus there is a need to investigate extracellular proteases from Acinetobacter baumannii to gain insights into their catalytic properties. In this study, an extracellular subtilisin-like serine protease from Acinetobacter baumannii designated as SPSFQ that was isolated from fermented food was recombinantly expressed and characterized. The mature catalytically active form of SPSFQ shared a high percentage sequence identity of 99% to extracellular proteases from clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as a moderately high percentage identity to other bacterial proteases with known keratinolytic and collagenolytic activity. The homology model of mature SPSFQ revealed its structure is composed of 10 β-strands, 8 α-helices, and connecting loops resembling a typical architecture of subtilisin-like α/β motif. SPSFQ is catalytically active at an optimum temperature of 40 °C and pH 9. Its activity is stimulated in the presence of Ca2+ and severely inhibited in the presence of PMSF. SPSFQ also displayed the ability to degrade several tissue-associated protein substrates such as keratin, collagen, and fibrin. Accordingly, our study shed light on the catalytic properties of a previously uncharacterized extracellular serine protease from Acinetobacter baumannii that warrants further investigations into its potential role as a virulence factor in pathogenicity and commercial applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics*
Fulltext Tandem mass spectrometry detection of quorum sensing activity in multidrug resistant clinical isolate Acinetobacter baumannii

Chan KG, Cheng HJ, Chen JW, Yin WF, Ngeow YF

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:891041.
PMID: 25101326 DOI: 10.1155/2014/891041

Many Proteobacteria communicate via production followed by response of quorum sensing molecules, namely, N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). These molecules consist of a lactone moiety with N-acyl side chain with various chain lengths and degrees of saturation at C-3 position. AHL-dependent QS is often associated with regulation of diverse bacterial phenotypes including the expression of virulence factors. With the use of biosensor and high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, the AHL production of clinical isolate A. baumannii 4KT was studied. Production of short chain AHL, namely, N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), was detected.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/metabolism; Acinetobacter baumannii/physiology*
Iron regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) as potential targets against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a Medical Centre in Malaysia

Hwa WE, Subramaniam G, Mansor MB, Yan OS, Gracie, Anbazhagan D, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2010 Apr;131:578-83.
PMID: 20424311

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. have gained increasing significance as opportunistic pathogens in hospitalized patients. Carbapenem resistance is often associated with the loss and/or decrease in outer membrane proteins (OMP) and overexpression of multidrug efflux systems. However, carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamases of Ambler Class B (metallo-enzymes) and Ambler Class D (oxacillinases) have also been detected in Acinetobacter spp. In this study we have investigated the role of the iron regulated outer membrane protein (IROMPs) and the loss of a 29-kDa OMP in carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*; Acinetobacter baumannii/metabolism
Fulltext Genomic species identification of Acinetobacter of clinical isolates by 16S rDNA sequencing

Misbah S, Hassan H, Yusof MY, Hanifah YA, AbuBakar S

Singapore Med J, 2005 Sep;46(9):461-4.
PMID: 16123830

This study aims to identify Acinetobacter of clinical isolates from the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, to the species level by 16S rDNA sequencing.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics*; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
Distribution of extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes among nosocomial imipenem resistant A. Baumannii strains harboring BLAoxa-23 carbapenemases isolated from Ilam and Tehran

Taherikalani M, Sekawi Z, Azizi-Jalilian F, Keshavarz B, Soroush S, Akbari M, et al.

J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2013 Jul-Sep;27(3):883-9.
PMID: 24152853

Antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBLs genes of 42 imipenem resistant A. baumannii carried out by DDST and PCR. The most antimicrobial agents against A. baumannii strains, harboring blaOXA-23-like carbapenemases, were meropenem (33.4 percent), piperacillin-tazobactam (23.9 percent), ceftazidime (14.3 percent) and gatifoxacin (19.1 percent), respectively. All the 42 isolates harbored the blaTEM gene, but the bla SHV and VEB genes were not present among all the isolates. With the exception of seven isolates, all the A. baumannii strains harbor blaTEM showed ESBL positivity in DDST. The result of this study show that resistance against antimicrobial agents, especially carbapenems, has increased and that blaTEM harboring A. baumannii strains can be help the blaOXA-like carbapenemase genes to code for resistance against carbapenem antibiotics.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*; Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology
Fulltext Spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 2 in Asia and AbaR-type resistance islands

Kim DH, Choi JY, Kim HW, Kim SH, Chung DR, Peck KR, et al.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2013 Nov;57(11):5239-46.
PMID: 23939892 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00633-13

In this surveillance study, we identified the genotypes, carbapenem resistance determinants, and structural variations of AbaR-type resistance islands among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates from nine Asian locales. Clonal complex 92 (CC92), corresponding to global clone 2 (GC2), was the most prevalent in most Asian locales (83/108 isolates; 76.9%). CC108, or GC1, was a predominant clone in India. OXA-23 oxacillinase was detected in CRAB isolates from most Asian locales except Taiwan. blaOXA-24 was found in CRAB isolates from Taiwan. AbaR4-type resistance islands, which were divided into six subtypes, were identified in most CRAB isolates investigated. Five isolates from India, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong contained AbaR3-type resistance islands. Of these, three isolates harbored both AbaR3- and AbaR4-type resistance islands simultaneously. In this study, GC2 was revealed as a prevalent clone in most Asian locales, with the AbaR4-type resistance island predominant, with diverse variants. The significance of this study lies in identifying the spread of global clones of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/classification; Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics*; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
Fulltext Risk factors associated with multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infections at a tertiary care hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia - a matched case-control study

Al-Gethamy MM, Faidah HS, Adetunji HA, Haseeb A, Ashgar SS, Mohanned TK, et al.

J Int Med Res, 2017 Jun;45(3):1181-1189.
PMID: 28480813 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517706284

Objective To determine risk factors for multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) nosocomial infections in intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods We performed a hospital-based, matched case-control study in patients who were admitted to Al Noor Specialist Hospital between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2012. The study included cases of A. baumannii nosocomial infection and controls without infection. Controls were matched to cases by age and ward of admission. Results The most frequent site of infection was the respiratory tract (77.3%). Susceptibility to antimicrobial MDR-AB was 92.0% for ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, while it was 83.3% for imipenem, 83.0% for trimethoprim, 79.0% for amikacin, and 72.7% for gentamicin. Multiple logistic regression of risk factors showed that immunosuppression (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.5-5.6; p = 0.002), clinical outcome (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.3-0.9; p = 0.01), invasive procedures (OR = 7.9; 95% CI 1.8-34.2; p = 0.002), a central venous catheter (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.5-5.6; p = 0.000), and an endotracheal tube (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.6-7.3; p = 0.001) were associated with MDR-AB. Conclusions Acinetobacter nosocomial infections are associated with admission to the ICU (Intensive care unit) and exposure to invasive procedures.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
Semi-mechanistic PK/PD modelling of meropenem and sulbactam combination against carbapenem-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii

Mohd Sazlly Lim S, Heffernan AJ, Zowawi HM, Roberts JA, Sime FB

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2021 Sep;40(9):1943-1952.
PMID: 33884516 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04252-z

Due to limited treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) infections, antibiotic combinations are commonly used. In this study, we explored the potential efficacy of meropenem-sulbactam combination (MEM/SUL) against CR-AB. The checkerboard method was used to screen for synergistic activity of MEM/SUL against 50 clinical CR-AB isolates. Subsequently, time-kill studies against two CR-AB isolates were performed. Time-kill data were described using a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model. Subsequently, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the probability of 2-log kill, 1-log kill or stasis at 24-h following combination therapy. The MEM/SUL demonstrated synergy against 28/50 isolates. No antagonism was observed. The MIC50 and MIC90 of MEM/SUL were decreased fourfold, compared to the monotherapy MIC. In the time-kill studies, the combination displayed synergistic killing against both isolates at the highest clinically achievable concentrations. At concentrations equal to the fractional inhibitory concentration, synergism was observed against one isolate. The PK/PD model adequately delineated the data and the interaction between meropenem and sulbactam. The effect of the combination was driven by sulbactam, with meropenem acting as a potentiator. The simulations of various dosing regimens revealed no activity for the monotherapies. At best, the MEM/SUL regimen of 2 g/4 g every 8 h demonstrated a probability of target attainment of 2-log10 kill at 24 h of 34%. The reduction in the MIC values and the achievement of a moderate PTA of a 2-log10 reduction in bacterial burden demonstrated that MEM/SUL may potentially be effective against some CR-AB infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/classification; Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*
Fulltext Application of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis in identification of Acinetobacter baumannii from a tertiary teaching hospital, Malaysia

Kong BH, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY, Thong KL

Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;28(3):563-8.
PMID: 22433885 MyJurnal

Acinetobacter baumannii, genomic species 3 and 13TU are being increasingly reported as the most important Acinetobacter species that cause infections in hospitalized patients. These Acinetobacter species are grouped in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus- Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) complex. Differentiation of the species in the Acb-complex is limited by phenotypic methods. Therefore, in this study, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was applied to confirm the identity A. baumannii strains as well as to differentiate between the subspecies. One hundred and eighty-five strains from Intensive Care Unit, Universiti Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were successfully identified as A. baumannii by ARDRA. Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU and 15TU were identified in 3 and 1 strains, respectively. ARDRA provides an accurate, rapid and definitive approach towards the identification of the species level in the genus Acinetobacter. This paper reports the first application ARDRA in genospecies identification of Acinetobacter in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification*
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: Current evidence on treatment options and the role of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in dose optimisation

Mohd Sazlly Lim S, Sime FB, Roberts JA

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2019 Jun;53(6):726-745.
PMID: 30831234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.02.016

Acinetobacter baumannii remains a difficult-to-treat pathogen that poses a significant challenge to clinicians and costs to the healthcare system. There is a lack of clinical efficacy data to aid in the selection of optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii infections. This paper aimed to review recent literature on the treatment of MDR A. baumannii infections and novel agents in the pipeline and to discuss the clinical data supporting their use. Colistin has been widely studied as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy, but its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The clinical benefit of combination therapy, whether empirical or targeted, has yet to be demonstrated owing to a lack of definitive evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Most available clinical studies are retrospective and lack control groups, which offers low-grade evidence. Novel agents such as cefiderocol, plazomicin, eravacycline and sulbactam/ETX2514 combination are promising options for the treatment of different infectious pathologies caused by MDR A. baumannii, but these have yet to be evaluated in RCTs. A better understanding of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the 'old' antibiotics is required to optimise their dosing regimens in order to maximise bacterial killing, minimise toxicities and improve clinical outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Fulltext Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia

Nor A'shimi MH, Alattraqchi AG, Mohd Rani F, A Rahman NI, Ismail S, Abdullah FH, et al.

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2019 07 31;13(7):626-633.
PMID: 32065820 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11455

INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that has the capacity to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobial compounds. However, very little is known regarding its susceptibility to biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) and capacity to form biofilms, particularly for Malaysian isolates.
AIM: To determine the susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates to commonly-used biocides, investigate their biofilm-forming capacities and the prevalence of biocide resistance and biofilm-associated genes.
METHODOLOGY: . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100 A. baumannii hospital isolates from Terengganu, Malaysia, towards the biocides benzalkonium chloride (BZK), benzethonium chloride (BZT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX), were determined by broth microdilution. The isolates were also examined for their ability to form biofilms in 96-well microplates. The prevalence of biocide resistance genes qacA, qacE and qacDE1 and the biofilm-associated genes bap and abaI were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: Majority of the A. baumannii isolates (43%) showed higher MIC values (> 50 µg/mL) for CLX than for BZK (5% for MIC > 50 µg/mL) and BZT (9% for MIC > 50 µg/mL). The qacDE1 gene was predominant (63%) followed by qacE (28%) whereas no isolate was found harbouring qacA. All isolates were positive for the bap and abaI genes although the biofilm-forming capacity varied among the isolates.
CONCLUSION: The Terengganu A. baumannii isolates showed higher prevalence of qacDE1 compared to qacE although no correlation was found with the biocides' MIC values. No correlation was also observed between the isolates' biofilm-forming capacity and the MIC values for the biocides.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*; Acinetobacter baumannii/growth & development*; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
Fulltext Structure-Based Screening of Non-β-Lactam Inhibitors against Class D β-Lactamases: An Approach of Docking and Molecular Dynamics

Gupta D, Singh A, Somvanshi P, Singh A, Khan AU

ACS Omega, 2020 Apr 28;5(16):9356-9365.
PMID: 32363287 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00356

The manifestation of class D β-lactamases in the community raises significant concern as they can hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics. Hence, it is exceptionally alluring to design novel inhibitors. Structure-based virtual screening using docking programs and molecular dynamics simulations was employed to identify two novel non-β-lactam compounds that possess the ability to block different OXA variants. Furthermore, the presence of a nonpolar aliphatic amino acid, valine, near the active site serine, was identified in all OXA variants that can be accounted to block the catalytic activity of OXA enzymes.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Fulltext Genome sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii AC12, a polymyxin-resistant strain isolated from Terengganu, Malaysia

Gan HM, Lean SS, Suhaili Z, Thong KL, Yeo CC

J Bacteriol, 2012 Nov;194(21):5979-80.
PMID: 23045494 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01466-12

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. We report the draft genome sequence of A. baumannii AC12, a multidrug-resistant nosocomial strain with additional resistance to carbapenems and polymyxin. The genome data will provide insights into the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and its adaptive mechanism.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics*; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
Acinetobacter baumannii respiratory isolates in ventilated patients are associated with prolonged hospital stay

Loh LC, Yii CT, Lai KK, Seevaunnamtum SP, Pushparasah G, Tong JM

Clin Microbiol Infect, 2006 Jun;12(6):597-8.
PMID: 16700715
Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification*; Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity*
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and genomic diversity of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a teaching hospital in Malaysia

Kong BH, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY, Thong KL

Jpn J Infect Dis, 2011;64(4):337-40.
PMID: 21788713

The resistance phenotypes and genomic diversity of 185 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from the intensive care unit (ICU) of a local teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur from 2006 to 2009 were determined using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antibiogram analyses showed that the isolates were fully resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials and had high resistance rates to the other antimicrobial agents tested. However, the isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. Resistance to cefoperazone/sulbactam was only detected in strains isolated from 2007 to 2009. Some environmental isolates and an isolate from the hands of a healthcare worker (HCW) had identical resistance profiles and PFGE profiles that were closely related to patient isolates. Cluster analyses based on the PFGE profiles showed there was a persistent clone of endemic isolates in the ICU environment. The transmission route from HCWs to fomites to patients, which caused a long-term infection in the ICU of the University Malaya Medical Centre, was observed in this study. These data provide a better understanding of A. baumannii epidemiology within the hospital and the possible transmission routes. Knowledge of changes in the resistance rates of A. baumannii in our local hospital will improve antimicrobial therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification
Demonstration of an outer membrane protein that is antigenically specific for Acinetobacter baumannii

Islam AH, Singh KK, Ismail A

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2011 Jan;69(1):38-44.
PMID: 21146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.09.008

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that is resistant to many types of antibiotics, and hence, a fast, sensitive, specific, and economical test for its rapid diagnosis is needed. Development of such a test requires a specific antigen, and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the prime candidates. The goal of this study was to find a specific OMP of A. baumannii and demonstrate the presence of specific IgM, IgA, and IgG against the candidate protein in human serum. OMPs of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and 16 other clinical isolates of A. baumannii were extracted from an overnight culture grown at 37 °C. Protein profiles were obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the presence of IgM, IgA, and IgG against the OMP in host serum. An antigenic 34.4-kDa OMP was uniquely recognized by IgM, IgA, and IgG from patients with A. baumannii infection, and it did not cross-react with sera from patients with other types of infection. The band was also found in the other 16 A. baumannii isolates. This 34.4-kDa OMP is a prime candidate for development of a diagnostic test for the presence of A. baumannii.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/immunology*; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification*; Acinetobacter baumannii/chemistry
Fulltext Imipenem Treatment Induces Expression of Important Genes and Phenotypes in a Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolate

Dhabaan GN, AbuBakar S, Cerqueira GM, Al-Haroni M, Pang SP, Hassan H

Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2015 Dec 14;60(3):1370-6.
PMID: 26666943 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01696-15

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a notorious multidrug-resistant pathogen, and development of novel control measures is of the utmost importance. Understanding the factors that play a role in drug resistance may contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Pili are essential for A. baumannii adherence to and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces as well as virulence. In the present study, we found that biofilm formation was significantly induced in an imipenem-resistant (Imp(r)) strain treated with a subinhibitory concentration of antibiotic compared to that in an untreated control and an imipenem-susceptible (Imp(s)) isolate. Using microarray and quantitative PCR analyses, we observed that several genes responsible for the synthesis of type IV pili were significantly upregulated in the Imp(r) but not in the Imp(s) isolate. Notably, this finding is corroborated by an increase in the motility of the Imp(r) strain. Our results suggest that the ability to overproduce colonization factors in response to imipenem treatment confers biological advantage to A. baumannii and may contribute to clinical success.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects*; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics*; Acinetobacter baumannii/physiology
Fulltext Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Nonpolar Extracts of Allium stipitatum Regel. against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Karunanidhi A, Ghaznavi-Rad E, Hamat RA, Pichika MR, Lung LTT, Mohd Fauzi F, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:9845075.
PMID: 30105271 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9845075

The present study assessed the in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of hexane (ASHE) and dichloromethane (ASDE) extracts of Allium stipitatum (Persian shallot) against planktonic cells and biofilm structures of clinically significant antibiotic resistant pathogens, with a special emphasis on methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and emerging pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antibacterial activities were determined through disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time-kill kinetics, and electron microscopy. Antibiofilm activity was assessed by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction assay and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The zone of inhibition ranged from 13 to 33 mm, while the MICs and MBCs ranged from 16 to 1024 μg mL-1. Both ASHE and ASDE completely eradicated overnight cultures of the test microorganisms, including antibiotic resistant strains. Time-kill studies showed that the extracts were strongly bactericidal against planktonic cultures of S. aureus, MRSA, Acinetobacter baumannii, and S. maltophilia as early as 4 hours postinoculation (hpi). ASHE and ASDE were shown to inhibit preformed biofilms of the four biofilm phenotypes tested. Our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic application of ASHE and ASDE to inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative biofilms of clinical significance and warrant further investigation of the potential of A. stipitatum bulbs against biofilm-related drug resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects
Fulltext The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms

Chia PY, Sengupta S, Kukreja A, S L Ponnampalavanar S, Ng OT, Marimuthu K

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 2020 02 11;9(1):29.
PMID: 32046775 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-0685-1

Infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms (GN) are associated with a high mortality rate and present an increasing challenge to the healthcare system worldwide. In recent years, increasing evidence supports the association between the healthcare environment and transmission of MDRGN to patients and healthcare workers. To better understand the role of the environment in transmission and acquisition of MDRGN, we conducted a utilitarian review based on literature published from 2014 until 2019.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects
A comparison between ice and salt storages on bacteriological quality of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Rahman MM, Nasrun M, Hossain MY, Aa'zamuddin M

Pak J Biol Sci, 2012 Jun 15;15(12):583-8.
PMID: 24191620

The study compares the bacteriological quality on Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) between ice and salt storage methods. The main objectives of the study were to identify different bacteria constituents and quantitative bacterial load in Asian seabass when preserved with ice and sea salt. For the purpose of this study, Asian seabass was stored in two different conditions of ice-chilled and salted for 2 days. All fish samples were analyzed by performing bacteriological analysis and the isolated bacteria were identified by using API identification system. In case of the quantity of bacteria in the flesh, Chilling and salting had no significant difference to the quantity of bacteria on fish flesh. As for the skin, salt-preserved fish showed higher quantity of bacteria than ice-preserved fish. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas fluorescens had been identified from skin sample of ice-chilled fish. Besides P. fluorescens and A. baumannii other isolates identified include Vibrio and Myxobacteria. All bacteria were cocci-shaped except a few bacilli. In term of bacteria number and morphological characteristics, ice-chilled preserved fish was better than salt preserved fish. Overall, less number of bacteria was observed in both ice-chilled and sea salt preserved fish. The result of this study indicated that the quick preservation is a very important factor to control bacterial load in the preserved fish.

Matched MeSH terms: Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification

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