Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 120 in total

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  1. Fulltext Aspirin resistance in patients with acute coronary events: risk factors and prevalence as determined by whole blood multiple electrode aggregometry
    Ibrahim O, Maskon O, Darinah N, Raymond AA, Rahman MM
    Pak J Med Sci, 2013 Nov;29(6):1319-22.
    PMID: 24550945
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance and associated risk factors based on biochemical parameters using whole blood multiple electrode aggregometry.
    METHODS: The study was conducted at the outpatients cardiology clinic of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from August 2011 to February 2012. Subjects on aspirin therapy were divided into two groups; first-ever coronary event and recurrent coronary event. Aspirin resistance was measured by a Multiplate(®) platelet analyser.
    RESULTS: A total of 74 patients (63 male, 11 female), with a mean age of 57.93 ± 74.1years were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups -first-ever coronary event group (n=52) and recurrent coronary event group (n=22). Aspirin resistance was observed in 12 out of 74 (16%) of the study patients, which consisted of 11 patients from the first-ever coronary event group and one patient from the recurrent coronary event group. There were significant correlations between aspirin resistance and age (r = -0.627; p = 0.029), total cholesterol (r = 0.608; p = 0.036) and LDL (r = 0.694; p = 0.012). LDL was the main predictor for area under the curve (AUC) for aspirin resistance. However, there was no association between aspirin resistance and cardiovascular events in both groups in this study.
    CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin resistance was observed in 16% of the study population. LDL was the major predictor of aspirin resistance. No association was found in the study between aspirin resistance with recurrent coronary events.
    KEYWORDS: Aspirin resistance; Multiplate® platelet analyser; aspirin responsiveness; first-ever coronary event; recurrent coronary event
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin*
  2. Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics Study on Proton Dynamics of Strong Hydrogen Bonds in Aspirin Crystals, with Emphasis on Differences between Two Crystal Forms
    Brela MZ, Wójcik MJ, Witek ŁJ, Boczar M, Wrona E, Hashim R, et al.
    J Phys Chem B, 2016 04 28;120(16):3854-62.
    PMID: 27045959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01601
    In this study, the proton dynamics of hydrogen bonds for two forms of crystalline aspirin was investigated by the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) method. Analysis of the geometrical parameters of hydrogen bonds using BOMD reveals significant differences in hydrogen bonding between the two crystalline forms of aspirin, Form I and Form II. Analysis of the trajectory for Form I shows spontaneous proton transfer in cyclic dimers, which is absent in Form II. Quantization of the O-H stretching modes allows a detailed discussion on the strength of hydrogen-bonding interactions. The focal point of our study is examination of the hydrogen bond characteristics in the crystal structure and clarification of the influence of hydrogen bonding on the presence of the two crystalline forms of aspirin. In the BOMD method, thermal motions were taken into account. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the snapshots of 2D proton potentials, extracted from MD, gives the best agreement with IR spectra. The character of medium-strong hydrogen bonds in Form I of aspirin was compared with that of weaker hydrogen bonds in aspirin Form II. Two proton minima are present in the potential function for the hydrogen bonds in Form I. The band contours, calculated by using one- and two-dimensional O-H quantization, reflect the differences in the hydrogen bond strengths between the two crystalline forms of aspirin, as well as the strong hydrogen bonding in the cyclic dimers of Form I and the medium-strong hydrogen bonding in Form II.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/chemistry*
  3. Fulltext Kawasaki Disease with Hepatobiliary Manifestations
    Suhaini SA, Azidin AH, Cheah CS, Lee Wei Li W, Khoo MS, Ismail NAS, et al.
    Medicina (Kaunas), 2022 Dec 12;58(12).
    PMID: 36557034 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121833
    Background and Objectives: Kawasaki Disease (KD) incidence has been on the rise globally throughout the years, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. KD can be diagnosed based on several clinical criteria. Due to its systemic inflammatory nature, multi-organ involvement has been observed, making the diagnosis of KD more challenging. Notably, several studies have reported KD patients presenting with hepatobiliary abnormalities. Nonetheless, comprehensive data regarding the hepatobiliary manifestations of KD are limited in Malaysia, justifying a more in-depth study of the disease in this country. Thus, in this article, we aim to discuss KD patients in Malaysia with hepatobiliary manifestations. Materials and Methods: A total of six KD patients with hepatobiliary findings who presented at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) from 2004 to 2021 were selected and included. Variables including the initial presenting signs and symptoms, clinical progress, laboratory investigations such as liver function test (LFT), and ultrasound findings of hepatobiliary system were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Out of these six KD patients, there were two patients complicated with hepatitis and one patient with gallbladder hydrops. Different clinical features including jaundice (n = 3) and hepatomegaly (n = 4) were also observed. All patients received both aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as their first-line treatment and all of them responded well to IVIG. The majority of them (n = 5) had a complete recovery and did not have any cardiovascular and hepatobiliary sequelae. Conclusions: Despite KD mostly being diagnosed with the classical clinical criteria, patients with atypical presentations should always alert physicians of KD as one of the possible differential diagnoses. This study discovered that hepatobiliary manifestations in KD patients were not uncommon. More awareness on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of KD patients with hepatobiliary manifestations are required to allow for the initiation of prompt treatment, thus preventing further complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/therapeutic use
  4. Relative Humidity Cycling: Implications on the Stability of Moisture-Sensitive Drugs in Solid Pharmaceutical Products
    Veronica N, Heng PWS, Liew CV
    Mol Pharm, 2023 Feb 06;20(2):1072-1085.
    PMID: 36480246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00812
    The stability of a moisture-sensitive drug in tablet formulations depends particularly on the environment's relative humidity (RH) and the products' prior exposure to moisture. This study was designed to understand drug stability in relation to the moisture interaction of the excipients, moisture history of the tablets, and RH of the environment. The stability study was performed on tablets containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), formulated with common pharmaceutical excipients like native maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), partially pregelatinized maize starch (PGS), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP), lactose, and mannitol. The tablets were subjected to storage conditions with RH cycling alternating between 53% and 75%. Results were also compared to tablets stored at a constant RH of 53% or 75%. The excipients demonstrated marked differences in their interactions with moisture. They could be broadly grouped as excipients with RH-dependent moisture content (native maize starch, MCC, and PGS) and RH-independent moisture content (DCP, lactose, and mannitol). As each excipient interacted differently with moisture, degradation of ASA in the tablets depended on the excipients' ability to modulate the moisture availability for degradation. The lowest ASA degradation was observed in tablets formulated with low moisture content water-soluble excipients, such as lactose and mannitol. The impact of RH cycling on ASA stability was apparent in tablets containing native maize starch, MCC, PGS, or DCP. These findings suggested that the choice of excipients influences the effect of moisture history on drug stability. The results from studies investigating moisture interaction of excipients and drug stability are valuable to understanding the inter-relationship between excipients, moisture history, and drug stability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/chemistry
  5. Green surface functionalization of chitosan with spent tea waste extract for the development of an efficient adsorbent for aspirin removal
    Nordin AH, Ngadi N, Ilyas RA, Abd Latif NAF, Nordin ML, Mohd Syukri MS, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Dec;30(60):125048-125065.
    PMID: 36795217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25816-w
    This study investigates the feasibility of spent tea waste extract (STWE) as a green modifying agent for the modification of chitosan adsorbent towards aspirin removal. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was employed to find the optimal synthesis parameters (chitosan dosage, spent tea waste concentration, and impregnation time) for aspirin removal. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for preparing chitotea with 84.65% aspirin removal were 2.89 g of chitosan, 18.95 mg/mL of STWE, and 20.72 h of impregnation time. The surface chemistry and characteristics of chitosan were successfully altered and improved by STWE, as evidenced by FESEM, EDX, BET, and FTIR analysis. The adsorption data were best fitted to pseudo 2nd order, followed by chemisorption mechanisms. The maximum adsorption capacity of chitotea was 157.24 mg/g, as fitted by Langmuir, which is impressive for a green adsorbent with a simple synthesis method. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated the endothermic nature of aspirin adsorption onto chitotea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/analysis
  6. Indeks Kemajuan antara Daerah di Semenanjung Malaysia (Development Index among Districts in Peninsular Malaysia)
    Abdul Aziz Jemain
    Sains Malaysiana, 2005;34.
    This paper offers a technique to create a development index among districts. To determine the weight for each criterion in the index entropy theory was used. Two approaches for criteria normalization were also suggested. The data obtained from 1991 census conducted in Peninsular Malaysia were utilized as illustration.
    Kertas ini mencadangkan teknik pembinaan indeks kemajuan daerah. Teori entropy digunakan untuk menentukan pemberat bagi kriteria yang digunakan dalam pembinaan indeks. Dua pendekatan menormalkan data turut dicadangkan. Contoh pembinaan indeks dikemukakan berdasarkan kemudahan asas yang terdapat di daerah-daerah di Semenanjung Malaysia seperti yang diperoleh berdasarkan banci tahun 1991.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  7. Pengetahuan pemakanan dan pengambilan suplemen dalam kalangan anggota Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia
    Razalee Sedek, Poh Bee Koon, Mohd Ismail Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1181-1190.
    Kajian pengetahuan pemakanan dalam kalangan pelbagai kumpulan populasi kerap dilaporkan tetapi kajian berkaitan dalam kalangan tentera jarang dilaporkan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan tahap pengetahuan pemakanan dan amalan penggunaan suplemen dalam kalangan anggota Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia (TLDM). Sejumlah 909 anggota TLDM berpangkalan di Lumut, Kuantan dan Johor terlibat dalam kajian ini. Soal selidik digunakan bagi menentukan latar belakang, ciri-ciri sosio demografi, pengetahuan pemakanan dan penggunaan suplemen. Pengukuran antropometri yang dijalankan termasuk berat dan tinggi. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa min skor pengetahuan pemakanan subjek ialah 62.5% iaitu pada tahap pengetahuan sederhana. Min skor pengetahuan pemakanan adalah lebih tinggi dalam kalangan anggota di Pangkalan Lumut, lebih berusia, lebih berpendidikan, berpangkat pegawai dan berat badan berlebihan. Sumber maklumat pemakanan yang paling popular ialah televisyen/radio (27.3%), kursus/seminar (24.9%) dan doktor/jururawat (21.6%). Sejumlah 36% subjek melaporkan menggunakan sekurang-kurangnya satu atau lebih suplemen dalam seminggu dan ini termasuk 5.8% yang menggunakannya setiap hari. Kajian asas ini dijangka memberikan maklumat berguna kepada Angkatan Tentera Malaysia dan adalah dicadangkan pendidikan pemakanan perlu diperkenalkan dalam program latihan anggota TLDM bagi memastikan status kesihatan anggota sentiasa terpelihara.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  8. Ciri-ciri panggilan katak Borneo (genus: Hylarana) daripada populasi Sarawak, Malaysia
    Ramlah Zainudin, Badrul Munir Mohd Zain, Shukor Mohd Nor, Norhayati Ahmad, Mustafa Abdul Rahman, Inger. RF
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Rakaman panggilan katak Borneo daripada genus Hylarana telah dijalankan di tujuh lokasi kajian di Sarawak, Malaysia. Sebanyak 12 individu daripada lima spesies katak Borneo telah berjaya dirakam dan dianalisis. Daripada 38 pembolehubah panggilan, hanya 27 daripadanya dapat menerangkan ciri-ciri panggilan daripada katak Hylarana Borneo. Saiz katak jantan mempengaruhi secara signifikan tenaga panggilan antara 90:50% amplitud puncak, tempoh nadi di antara 50%, nisbah tempoh panggilan untuk mencapai setengah modulasi frekuensi dan kadar ulangan not. Saiz katak Hylarana Borneo sedikit mempengaruhi frekuensi asas dan dominan panggilan. Di samping itu, taburan pembolehubah panggilan katak dan dendogram Euclid menyokong identiti taksonomi bagi setiap spesies katak Borneo Hylarana.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  9. Blastocystis hominis: Kehadirannya di dalam sampel feses kanak-kanak orang asli di Pos Lenjang, Pahang, Malaysia
    Mohamed Kamel Abd. Ghani, Hartini Yusof
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1123-1127.
    Blastocystis hominis merupakan antara protozoa yang paling biasa ditemui di dalam sampel feses manusia di seluruh dunia. Prevalens infeksi protozoa ini adalah lebih tinggi di kalangan mereka yang tinggal di negara membangun berbanding negara maju. Seramai 71 orang kanak-kanak Orang Asli dari Pos Lenjang, Pahang telah menjadi subjek dalam kajian ini. Bagi kajian yang lebih terperinci, kumpulan kanak-kanak ini telah dibahagikan menurut jantina dan umur. Sampel feses dikumpul dan setiap sampel diperiksa dengan menggunakan 3 teknik diagnostik iaitu teknik apusan langsung, konsentrasi formalin-eter dan perwarnaan trikrom bagi tujuan pengesanan dan pengenalpastian Blastocystis hominis. Prevalens infeksi Blastocystis hominis di kalangan kanak-kanak Orang Asli adalah sangat tinggi iaitu 93%. Kanak-kanak perempuan didapati lebih ramai terinfeksi (97.5%) berbanding kanak-kanak lelaki (87.1%) walaupun secara statistiknya tidak signifikan (p>0.05). Protozoa ini juga telah menginfeksi kesemua kanak-kanak prasekolah (100%) manakala kanak-kanak yang bersekolah turut menunjukkan prevalens infeksi yang tinggi iaitu 86.5%. Daripada segi diagnosis, teknik perwarnaan trikrom didapati paling sensitif dan ia dapat mengenalpasti kesemua (66) sampel feses yang positif dengan Blastocystis hominis. Ini diikuti dengan teknik konsentrasi formalin-eter (43 sampel) dan teknik apusan langsung (18 sampel) (p<0.05). Prevalens infeksi Blastocystis hominis yang tinggi di kalangan kanak-kanak Orang Asli adalah berhubungkait dengan pelbagai faktor termasuk status sosioekonomi yang rendah, budaya, kekurangan kemudahan asas dan tahap pengetahuan mengenai penjagaan kesihatan serta kebersihan diri yang rendah. Selain itu, peningkatan prevalens infeksi dalam kajian ini menunjukkan pentingnya penggunaan teknik diagnostik yang lebih berkesan di dalam pemeriksaan rutin bagi memperolehi hasil diagnosis yang lebih tepat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  10. Fulltext Polemik gender dan realiti gaya komunikasi pemimpin wanita dunia
    Emma Binti Tingkas, Syahruddin Awg Ahmad
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(6):82-91.
    MyJurnal
    Kaum wanita sebagai figura dunia merupakan satu pengikitirafan dan penghormatan tertinggi bagi mereka. Beberapa ‘figura’ wanita dunia dijadikan sebagai unit analisis untuk mengkategorikan gaya komunikasi yang diaplikasi dalam melaksanakan tanggungjawab sebagai ketua kerajaan dan juga sebagai idola masyarakat dunia.Salah satu ciri untuk menjadi figura dan pemimpin yang berkesan adalah dengan mengamalkan gaya komunikasi yang difikirkan sesuai berdasarkan persoalan tentang Siapa, Di mana dan Bagaimana gaya komunikasi tersebut diaplikasikan. Gaya komunikasi merupakan satu wadahyang digunakan bukan sahaja untuk memastikan kelancaran perjalanan pengurusan sesebuah organisasi namun juga penting dalam urusan hal ehwal tadbir melibatkan kerajaan sesebuah negara serta ketika berhadapan dengan khalayak. “The way you lead is thru the way you speak” merupakan falsafah budaya kepemimpinan yang menjadi asas kepada kertas kerja ini. Konsep kertas kerja ini adalah berpaksikan kepada enam gaya komunikasi oleh Tubbs dan Moss (2008) dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen. Kertas kerja ini juga akan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih jelas tentang gaya komunikasi yang diamalkan oleh ‘figura’wanita dunia dalam melaksanakan praktis pengurusan dan pentadbiran kerajaan, organisasi yang diwakili mahupun sewaktu mereke perlu berhadapan dengan publik. Kertas kerja ini diharapkan mampu untuk menjadi perintis agar satu kajian yang lebih mendalam berkaitan karisma wanita samaada sebagai ketua kerajaan mahupun “public figure”daripada aspek komunikasi dapat dilakukan pada masa akan datang
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  11. Fulltext Infeksi entamoeba histolytica di kalangan kanak-kanak orang asli di Pos Lenjang, Pahang
    Hartini Yusof, Mohamed Kamel Abd Ghani
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2009;7(1):59-64.
    MyJurnal
    Infeksi Entamoeba histolytica adalah tersebar di seluruh dunia dengan prevalens infeksi yang lebih tinggi di kalangan masyarakat terpinggir termasuk Orang Asli yang tinggal di kawasan tropika dan subtropika. Seramai 71 orang kanak-kanak Orang Asli dari Pos Lenjang, Pahang telah terlibat di dalam kajian ini. Bagi kajian yang lebih terperinci, kumpulan kanak-kanak ini telah dibahagikan menurut jantina dan umur. Sampel feses dikumpul dan setiap sampel diperiksa bagi pengenalpastian Entamoeba histolytica dengan menggunakan 3 jenis teknik diagnostik yang berbeza iaitu teknik apusan langsung, konsentrasi formalin-eter dan perwarnaan trikrom. Prevalens infeksi protozoa usus Entamoeba histolytica di kalangan kanak-kanak Orang Asli di Pos Lenjang, Pahang adalah tinggi iaitu 22.5%. Dari segi jantina, prevalens infeksi lebih tinggi di kalangan kanak-kanak perempuan (32.5%) berbanding kanak-kanak lelaki (9.7%). Infeksi juga didapati lebih kerap berlaku di kalangan kanak-kanak yang bersekolah (32.4%) berbanding kanak-kanak prasekolah (11.8%). Prevalens infeksi Entamoeba histolytica yang tinggi di kalangan kanak-kanak Orang Asli di Pos Lenjang, Pahang adalah berhubung kait dengan pelbagai faktor termasuk status sosioekonomi yang rendah, budaya, kekurangan kemudahan asas dan tahap pengetahuan mengenai penjagaan kesihatan serta kebersihan diri yang rendah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  12. Long-Term Treatment with the Combination of Rivaroxaban and Aspirin in Patients with Chronic Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease: Outcomes During the Open Label Extension of the COMPASS trial
    Eikelboom JW, Bosch J, Connolly SJ, Tyrwitt J, Fox KAA, Muehlhofer E, et al.
    Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother, 2022 Dec 02;8(8):786-795.
    PMID: 35383832 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac023
    AIMS: To describe outcomes of patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or peripheral artery disease (PAD) enrolled in the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) randomized trial who were treated with the combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily and aspirin 100 mg once daily during long-term open-label extension (LTOLE).

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 27 395 patients enrolled in COMPASS, 12 964 (mean age at baseline 67.2 years) from 455 sites in 32 countries were enrolled in LTOLE and treated with the combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin for a median of 374 additional days (range 1-1191 days). During LTOLE, the incident events per 100 patient years were as follows: for the primary outcome [cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction (MI)] 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.11-2.61], mortality 1.87 (1.65-2.10), stroke 0.62 (0.50-0.76), and MI 1.02 (0.86-1.19), with CIs that overlapped those seen during the randomized treatment phase with the combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin. The incidence rates for major and minor bleeding were 1.01 (0.86-1.19) and 2.49 (2.24-2.75), compared with 1.67 (1.48-1.87) and 5.11 (95% CI 4.77-5.47), respectively, during the randomized treatment phase with the combination.

    CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic CAD and/or PAD, extended combination treatment for a median of 1 year and a maximum of 3 years was associated with incidence rates for efficacy and bleeding that were similar to or lower than those seen during the randomized treatment phase, without any new safety signals.

    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  13. Fulltext "Chap Kaki Tiga" a possible cause of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
    See IO
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):159-60.
    PMID: 10968003
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/adverse effects*
  14. Impact of process parameters in the generation of novel aspirin nanoemulsions--comparative studies between ultrasound cavitation and microfluidizer
    Tang SY, Shridharan P, Sivakumar M
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2013 Jan;20(1):485-97.
    PMID: 22633626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.04.005
    In the present investigation, the operating efficiency of a bench-top air-driven microfluidizer has been compared to that of a bench-top high power ultrasound horn in the production of pharmaceutical grade nanoemulsions using aspirin as a model drug. The influence of important process variables as well as the pre-homogenization and drug loading on the resultant mean droplet diameter and size distribution of emulsion droplets was studied in an oil-in-water nanoemulsion incorporated with a model drug aspirin. Results obtained show that both the emulsification methods were capable of producing very fine nanoemulsions containing aspirin with the minimum droplet size ranging from 150 to 170 nm. In case of using the microfluidizer, it has been observed that the size of the emulsion droplets obtained was almost independent of the applied microfluidization pressure (200-600 bar) and the number of passes (up to 10 passes) while the pre-homogenization and drug loading had a marginal effect in increasing the droplet size. Whereas, in the case of ultrasound emulsification, the droplet size was generally decreased with an increase in sonication amplitude (50-70%) and period of sonication but the resultant emulsion was found to be dependent on the pre-homogenization and drug loading. The STEM microscopic observations illustrated that the optimized formulations obtained using ultrasound cavitation technique are comparable to microfluidized emulsions. These comparative results demonstrated that ultrasound cavitation is a relatively energy-efficient yet promising method of pharmaceutical nanoemulsions as compared to microfluidizer although the means used to generate the nanoemulsions are different.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/chemistry*
  15. Clopidogrel Vs Aspirin Monotherapy Following Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Tan BE, Wong PY, Baibhav B, Thakkar S, Azhar AZ, Rao M, et al.
    Curr Probl Cardiol, 2023 Aug;48(8):101174.
    PMID: 35341798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101174
    Current guidelines recommend 6-12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by aspirin monotherapy indefinitely. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin in the post-PCI population after completing DAPT. We systematically searched 5 electronic databases to identify studies comparing clopidogrel with aspirin following completion of DAPT after PCI. We pooled outcomes for major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiac death, all-cause death, major bleeding, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We included 5 studies with 13,850 patients, of whom 5601 (40.4%) received clopidogrel. Mean follow-up was 12-36 months. All patients received drug-eluting stents. Duration of DAPT before antiplatelet monotherapy was 1-18 months. Clopidogrel was associated with reductions in MACE (Risk ratio [RR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.91), any stroke (RR 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-0.76), ischemic stroke (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.94), and hemorrhagic stroke (RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.68) when compared with aspirin. Cardiac death (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.53-1.41), all-cause death (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.81-1.39), major bleeding (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.43-1.29), MI (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.64-1.60), repeat revascularization (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.71-1.09), target vessel revascularization (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.52-1.13), and stent thrombosis (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.35-2.59) were not significantly different among groups. Compared with aspirin, clopidogrel was associated with reductions in MACE and stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) following DAPT completion after PCI. There were no significant differences in mortality, major bleeding, MI, and repeat revascularization between groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/adverse effects
  16. Fulltext Antiplatelet treatment for acute secondary prevention of non-cardioembolic minor stroke / transient ischaemic attack: an update for the acute physician
    Krishnan K, Law ZK, Minhas JS, Bath PM, Robinson TG, Sprigg N, et al.
    Clin Med (Lond), 2022 Sep;22(5):449-454.
    PMID: 36507812 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2021-0597
    Acute stroke is the leading cause of disability in the UK and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The majority of patients with ischaemic stroke present with minor deficits or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and are often first seen by patient-facing clinicians. Urgent evaluation and treatment are important as many patients are at high risk of major vascular events and death within hours to days after the index event. This narrative review summarises the evidence on four antiplatelet treatments for non-cardioembolic stroke prevention: aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole and ticagrelor. Each of these drugs has a unique mechanism and has been tested as a single agent or in combination. Aspirin, when given early is beneficial and short-term treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel has been shown to be more effective in high-risk TIA / minor stroke. This review concludes by highlighting gaps in evidence, including scope for future trials that could potentially change clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/therapeutic use
  17. Understanding the Roles of Excipients in Moisture Management in Solid Dosage Forms
    Veronica N, Heng PWS, Liew CV
    Mol Pharm, 2024 May 06;21(5):2484-2500.
    PMID: 38647432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00031
    Excipients are ubiquitous in pharmaceutical products, and often, they can also play a critical role in maintaining product quality. For a product containing a moisture-sensitive drug, moisture can be deleterious to the product stability during storage. Therefore, using excipients that interact with moisture in situ can potentially alleviate product stability issues. In this study, the interactive behavior of starch with moisture was augmented by coprocessing maize starch with sodium chloride (NaCl) or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate [Mg(NO3)2·6H2O] at different concentrations (5 and 10%, w/w). The effect of the formulation on drug stability was assessed through the degradation of acetylsalicylic acid, which was used as the model drug. The results showed that coprocessing of the starch with either NaCl or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O impacted the number of water molecule binding sites on the starch and how the sorbed moisture was distributed. The coprocessed excipients also resulted in lower drug degradation and lesser changes in tablet tensile strength during post-compaction storage. However, corresponding tablet formulations containing physical mixtures of starch and salts did not yield promising outcomes. This study demonstrated the advantageous concomitant use of common excipients by coprocessing to synergistically mitigate the adverse effects of moisture and promote product stability when formulating a moisture-sensitive drug. In addition, the findings could help to improve the understanding of moisture-excipient interactions and allow for the judicious choice of excipients when designing formulations containing moisture-sensitive drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/chemistry
  18. Sifat fizikal dan kajian in vitro tablet matriks pelepasan tertahan ketoprofen
    Ibrahim Ijang, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin, Bukhori Abu Bakar
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Penggunaan formulasi tablet pelepasan tertahan untuk dadah anti-inflamatori bukan steroid (DAIBS) seperti aspirin berupaya melindungi lapisan perut dari kesan buruk jus asid tubuh. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menilai keberkesanan formulasi tablet matriks pelepasan tertahan dengan kepelbagaian kepekatan polimer bersama ketoprofen sebagai model. Tablet dibangunkan dengan menggunakan kaedah granulasi basah yang terdiri daripada polimer hidrofilik (hidroksipropil metilselulosa), polimer hidrifobik bersandar pada pH (Eudragit L100-55) dan polimer tak bersandar pada pH (Eudragit R100) sebagai bahan asas pembentukan matriks pada kepekatan 10, 20 dan 30%b/b. Semua formulasi dimampatkan dengan menggunakan mesin pentabletan yang mempunyai penebuk berbentuk cembung bersaiz 10 mm. Tablet yang terhasil diuji daripada segi keseragaman berat, kekerasan, kerapuhan, ketebalan, peratus kandungan dadah dan kajian pelepasan in vitro menggunakan kaedah BP 2007. Hasil menunjukkan kadar pelepasan dadah dikawal oleh jenis dan kepekatan polimer di dalam formulasi matriks. Secara umumnya peningkatan kepekatan kandungan polimer di dalam tablet matriks didapati mengurangkan kadar pelepasan dadah. Perbandingan polimer melalui kepekatan yang sama menggunakan t50%, pula mendapati terdapat perbezaan statistik bermakna (p<0.05) pada kadar pelepasan dadah. Berdasarkan kepada pelepasan dadah dalam kajian in vitro, polimer hidrofobik bersandar pada pH (Eudragit L100-55) menunjukkan profil pelepasan dadah secara tertib sifar yang terbaik berbanding polimer yang lain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin
  19. Fulltext Efficacy of Aspirin for Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction in Men: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
    Irfan M, Ismail SB, Noor NM, Hussain NHN
    Am J Mens Health, 2020 10 29;14(5):1557988320969082.
    PMID: 33111628 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320969082
    One of the major causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) is an endothelial vascular disorder. This meta-analysis is performed to determine the efficacy of aspirin on erectile function in men with vasculogenic ED. For this purpose, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and reference lists of articles up to November 2019 were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected that compared aspirin with placebo in men of any ethnicity with vasculogenic ED. A total of 58 trials were retrieved. Finally, two trials of 214 men fulfilled our selection criteria. High selection and detection bias were identified for one trial. The participants showed a significant improvement in erectile function when they took aspirin (mean difference: 5.14, 95% CI [3.89, 6.40], and I2 = 0%). Although the present meta-analysis suggested that aspirin has a significant effect on the improvement of erectile function, there were limited RCTs available on this topic and doses of aspirin varied. Additional studies are needed to support findings from this meta-analysis. Aspirin needs to be considered by practitioners when prescribing drugs for vasculogenic ED.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/administration & dosage; Aspirin/therapeutic use*
  20. Fulltext Aspirin and vascular disease--an update
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Sep;43(3):267-8.
    PMID: 3241590
    Reproduced from Quarterly Review, National Dairy Council Nutrition Services, London (NIS/9/88)
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/administration & dosage; Aspirin/therapeutic use*
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