Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 547 in total

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  1. Cornsilk (zea mays hairs) improves nutrient, physical traits without affecting sensory properties of chicken patties
    Wan Rosli W, Nurhanan A, Solihah M, Mohsin S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1165-1172.
    The proximate analyses, physical traits and sensory properties of chicken patties incorporated with different levels of cornsilk dietary fibre were studied. The patties were formulated with 2%, 4% and 6% dried ground cornsilk. The protein content increased in line with the cornsilk level in both raw and cooked chicken patties. Cooked chicken patties incorporated with 6% cornsilk showed the highest protein concentration at 28.42% and the lowest fat concentration at 14.60%, respectively. All cooked patty samples recorded moisture content ranging from 42.73-46.40%. Patty formulated with 6% cornsilk recorded the highest cooking yield at 83.03%. Cornsilk fibre has been successful in improving cooking yield and in retaining moisture and fat of chicken patties. The addition of cornsilk fibre does not change the sensory properties and the acceptability of chicken patties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  2. Fulltext Automatic meat slicing machine
    Nor’ain Senin, Noorhidayah Ramli, Mai Noor Asiah Tan Zalilah
    Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2018;2(5):49-54.
    MyJurnal
    A new innovation has been created which is called AUTOMATIC MEAT SLICING (AMS) MACHINE. The main purpose of the machine creation is to replace the old-style method in slicing the chicken meat to modern method. BABARITTOS DELIGHT supplies Tortillas Wrap to the latest trend of Food & Beverage (F&B) business called Food Truck. The main ingredient of Burritos is slices of boneless chicken meat, where each slice is approximately has to be 5 mm thick. Formerly, the slicing procedure used a normal cutting knife and its production rate was truncated as the demands of the Burritos are going higher by days. This method requires 3 to 4 workers to team up to complete the 30 kg boneless chicken meat to be cut into roughly 5 mm per slice within one and half hour. The AMS machine is predominant to help the company to grow the output of sliced meat and at the same time can reduce the number of workers. The usage of AMS machine is only required one worker for the operation and the output can be up to 30kg per 30mins, which is actually can end up almost 3 times quantity of output and 3 times labor cost-saving. Meanwhile the quality of the sliced meat is much enhanced as most of the slice meat is precisely 5mm thick. The AMS concept design is cutting the meat using several circular cutting blades, where the chicken will be put on the moving conveyor and finally will fall onto the hygienic tray.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  3. Lead biosorption of probiotic bacteria: effects of the intestinal content from laying hens
    Xing S, Wang J, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Zhu C, Shokryazdan P, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 May;24(15):13528-13535.
    PMID: 28390025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8896-6
    This study investigated the effects and the possible mechanisms of intestinal content (IC) from laying hens on in vitro lead (Pb(2+)) biosorption of four probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium longum BB79, Lactobacillus paracasei Kgl6, Lactobacillus pentosus ITA23, and Lactobacillus acidipiscis ITA44). The total Pb(2+) removal capacity of the four probiotic strains, with and without capsule polysaccharides (CPSs), increased in the presence of IC compared to the control (without IC). SEM imaging revealed certain unidentified particles from the IC adhered on the surface of bacterial cells sorted out using flow cytometry. Follow-up experiment showed an overall trend of increase in the Pb(2+) removal capacity of the sorted bacteria, but statistically significant for L. pentosus ITA23 and B. longum BB79 after incubation with IC, particularly with the suspended solid portion of the IC. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer data showed that functional groups such as C-H, O-H, C=O, and C-O-C which possibly associated with Pb(2+) binding were mainly presented in the suspended solid portion of IC. Putting the above together, we postulated that the enhanced Pb(2+) binding capacity the probiotic bacteria incubated in IC is due to the adherence of the yet to be identified particles which could much exist in suspended solid portion of IC containing negatively charged functional groups which bind with the positive Pb(2+) ions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  4. Fulltext A study on Campylobacter jejuni cross-contamination during chilled broiler preparation
    Usha, M.R., Tunung, R., Chai, L.C., Ghazali, F.M., Cheah, Y.K., Nishibuchi, M., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(1):107-115.
    MyJurnal
    Studies indicate that bacterial cross-contamination occurs during food preparation where bacteria can retent on the food contact surfaces and cause illness. The study evaluated the adherence of Campylobacter spp. to cutting boards, blades of knives and hands after cutting chilled, raw broiler parts (thighs + drumsticks, wings and livers). The adherence to cucumber cuts that were cut using the unwashed boards and knives was also analyzed. Generally, utensils have higher mean of Campylobacter spp. retained to them (1.4-223.3 MPN/ml rinse) than hands (0.7-43.4 MPN/ml rinse); however, Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant differences in the bacterial numbers found among the different surfaces. The transfer rates of Campylobacter spp. from utensils to cucumber cuts varied from 0% to more than 100%. The bacteria detected could be from the utensils and cucumber contamination before purchase or due to other factors where further investigation is required. The possibility is there for Campylobacter to spread to contact surfaces during chilled broiler handling; therefore, utensils and hands involved should be washed thoroughly especially before ready-to-eat food preparation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  5. Molecular identification and in vitro assessment of zoonotic-potential of a novel Orthobunyavirus isolated from broiler chicken in Malaysia
    M M, Azmi MA, Sani NI, Gilbert G, Reduan MHF
    Trop Biomed, 2023 Jun 01;40(2):194-198.
    PMID: 37650407 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.2.011
    We have previously isolated a novel avian Orthobunyavirus, Kedah Fatal Kidney Syndrome (KFKS) virus from a broiler farm in Kedah, Malaysia in 2020 with a severe kidney lesion in chickens. The virus was designated as KFKS2_CS virus. Sequence analysis of partial nucleocapsid (N) and nonstructural (NSs) sequence of this virus showed the highest sequence identity with previous KFKS1 from Malaysia (100%) and 97% with a zoonotic Umbre (UMB) virus, which was reported to cause encephalitis in immunocompromised humans in India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus was clustered together with previous KFKS1 virus from Malaysia, UMB and Cristoli viruses. This study aimed to assess the zoonotic potential of this KFKS2_CS virus in vitro by determining its ability to inhibit the production of interferon (IFN) in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain cells using reverse-transcriptase polymerase reaction (RT-PCR). This virus blocked the production of interferon-a in this human brain cells. In conclusion, this KFKS2_CS virus may have a zoonotic potential and become a public health concern in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  6. Fulltext TaqMan probe-based qPCR method for specific detection and quantification of fowl adenovirus 8b challenge from chickens inoculated with live attenuated or inactivated virus
    Ugwu CC, Hair-Bejo M, Nurulfiza MI, Omar AR, Aini I
    Open Vet J, 2023 Feb;13(2):171-178.
    PMID: 37073244 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i2.4
    BACKGROUND: Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b and other serotypes cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens. Specific detection of aetiologic serotype in mixed infection and vaccine failure could be difficult.

    AIM: The objective of this study was to develop a TaqMan probe-based qPCR method for the detection and quantification of the FAdV 8b challenge virus.

    METHODS: Forty-eight broiler chickens inoculated with live attenuated or inactivated FAdV 8b strains at day 1 of age either with or without booster at day 14 post-inoculation were used. The chickens were challenged with a pathogenic strain of FAdV 8b at day 28 of age. Liver and cloacal swabs were collected on days 7 and 14 post-challenge. Primers and probes were designed, specificity confirmed, and used to carry out qPCR amplification.

    RESULTS: The assay amplified the FAdV DNA challenge virus, but not that of the live attenuated virus. It could detect FAdV 8b DNA as low as 0.001 ng/µl in liver and cloacal swab samples. Copy numbers obtained indicate virus load and shedding.

    CONCLUSIONS: It shows that a selective detection of FAdV 8b within serotype is possible. It can be useful for rapid detection and diagnosis of the disease, virus quantification and differentiation within species, determination of vaccination failure, and efficacy especially the virus load in the target organ and shedding.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  7. In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease
    Mochamad L, Malarvili S, Jasmine K, Lim V
    F1000Res, 2023;12:1214.
    PMID: 38962299 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133489.2
    Background: Recent evidence suggests that some flavonoid compounds obtained from crude methanol extract of mistletoe leaves ( Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq), also known as Benalu Duku (BD), have antimicrobial effects. Thus, the plant has the potential to eliminate viruses that may cause outbreaks in chicken farms. This study aimed to prove the in vitro ability of flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin-like compounds (QLCs), to eliminate field viruses, specifically the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Methods: This research was performed in two stages. An in vitro test was used with a post-test of the control groups designed at a significance of 0.05. BD leaves (5 kg) were extracted using a maceration method with methanol and then separated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions. The final extracted products were separated using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain QLCs. The QLCs were identified and compared with quercetin using HPLC, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The activity of QLCs was tested in vitro against the NDV at a virulency titer of 10 -5 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50% (TCID50) and in chicken kidney cell culture. Results: Solutions of 0.05% (w/v) QLCs were discovered to have antiviral activity against NDVs, with an average cytopathogenic effect antigenicity at a 10 -5 dilution (p<0.05). Conclusions: QLCs from flavonoids from the leaves of BD have antiviral bioactivity against NDVs and may have the potential to be developed as medicinal compounds for the treatment of other human or animal viral infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens
  8. Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus: a review
    Bande F, Arshad SS, Omar AR, Hair-Bejo M, Mahmuda A, Nair V
    Anim Health Res Rev, 2017 Jun;18(1):70-83.
    PMID: 28776490 DOI: 10.1017/S1466252317000044
    The poultry industry faces challenge amidst global food security crisis. Infectious bronchitis is one of the most important viral infections that cause huge economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an RNA virus with great ability for mutation and recombination; thus, capable of generating new virus strains that are difficult to control. There are many IBV strains found worldwide, including the Massachusetts, 4/91, D274, and QX-like strains that can be grouped under the classic or variant serotypes. Currently, information on the epidemiology, strain diversity, and global distribution of IBV has not been comprehensively reported. This review is an update of current knowledge on the distribution, genetic relationship, and diversity of the IBV strains found worldwide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
  9. Effects of different types of soy sauce on the formation of heterocyclic amines in roasted chicken
    Alam Shah S, Selamat J, Haque Akanda MJ, Sanny M, Khatib A
    Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2018 May;35(5):870-881.
    PMID: 29448903 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1440639
    The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different types of soy sauce and marinating time on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in roasted chicken. Chicken breast samples were marinated with sweet, salty, light and dark soy sauce at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h (control treatment was the chicken without marinade). The concentrations of free amino acids, sugars and creatinine were determined before roasting while HCA concentrations were determined after roasting. All types of soy sauce significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the concentration of HCAs in roasted chicken with increasing marinating time. The highest increment of total concentration of HCAs was found in samples marinated with light soy sauce (887%) followed by dark (375%), salty (193%) and sweet (169%) at 12 h. PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine) showed a substantial reduction in samples only momentarily marinated with sweet, salty and dark soy sauce (0 h). Free amino acids were found to be more strongly correlated with the formation of HCAs than reducing sugars or creatinine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
  10. Malaria parasites of domestic fowl in Sabah
    Skippon J, Garnham PC
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1973;67(1):3.
    PMID: 4204752 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90254-x
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
  11. Insights into the chicken IgY with emphasis on the generation and applications of chicken recombinant monoclonal antibodies
    Lee W, Syed Atif A, Tan SC, Leow CH
    J Immunol Methods, 2017 08;447:71-85.
    PMID: 28502720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.05.001
    The advantages of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) antibodies as immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic biomolecules has only been recently recognized. Even so, chicken antibodies remain less-well characterized than their mammalian counterparts. This review aims at providing a current overview of the structure, function, development and generation of chicken antibodies. Additionally, brief but comprehensive insights into current knowledge pertaining to the immunogenetic framework and diversity-generation of the chicken immunoglobulin repertoire which have contributed to the establishment of recombinant chicken mAb-generating methods are discussed. Focus is provided on the current methods used to generate antibodies from chickens with added emphasis on the generation of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats. The advantages and limitations of established protocols for the generation of chicken mAbs are highlighted. The various applications of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy are further detailed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens/immunology*
  12. Critical limits for the control points for halal poultry slaughter
    Shahdan IA, Regenstein JM, Rahman MT
    Poult Sci, 2017 Jun 01;96(6):1970-1981.
    PMID: 27965405 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew427
    This study proposes critical limits (CL) for control points for halal slaughter (CPHS). Previously, 6 control points (CP) were determined, and CL for these 6 CPHS are suggested based on: 1) a literature survey for the CL for CP 1 (poultry breeding, rearing, and poultry feed) and CP 2 (welfare of poultry during transportation and lairage); 2) a field survey of slaughter plants in Kuantan (Malaysia) for CP 3 (immobilization), CP 4 (slaughter), CP 5 (time for full bleed-out), and CP 6 (washing and packaging); and 3) controlled experiments to refine the CL for CP 3, 4, and 5. The CL for CP 1 focused on stress reduction during rearing and use of substances that could compromise poultry meat wholesomeness. The CL for CP 2 emphasizes humane best-practices for handling poultry during lairage. The CL for CP 3 suggests a gap of 5 s between 2 shackles if only one shackler is employed and shackling times of <1 min for live chickens. In countries permitting water-bath electrical stunning of halal poultry, the stunning current needed to induce unconsciousness must be defined for the breed and bird size but not cause any chicken deaths. The CL for CP 4 mandates the recitation of the tasmiyah (the invocation), which if done for every chicken, will require ≥5 s between stunning and neck cutting. The CL for CP 4 also includes information about the slaughter knife. In CP 5 the recommended minimum time between neck cutting and scalding is 9.5 min. Finally, the CL for CP 6 emphasizes good supply chain hygiene and zero adulteration from haram species and substances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
  13. Helminthic parasites in indigenous chickens in Penang Island, Malaysia
    Farah Haziqah MT, Khadijah S
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):896-902.
    PMID: 33612743 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.896
    Indigenous chicken (Gallus domesticus) is reared for both its meat and eggs. Most consumers prefer the meat probably due to its specific texture and taste. The study was conducted to determine the presence of helminth parasites of 240 indigenous chickens (Gallus domesticus) obtained randomly from 12 divisions in Penang Island, Malaysia. Necropsy findings revealed 14 endoparasite species which parasitized these chickens namely, Acuaria hamulosa, Acuaria spiralis, Amoebotaenia sphenoides, Ascaridia galli, Brachylaima sp., Capillaria spp., Gongylonema ingluvicola, Heterakis gallinarum, Hymenolepis sp., Oxyspirura mansoni, Raillietina echinobothrida, Raillietina tetragona, Syngamus trachea and Tetrameres americana. The high abundance of helminth species observed in this study may be attributed to the free-range scavenging production system, where these indigenous chickens were exposed to intermediate or paratenic hosts of helminths which infect poultry. Besides, sustainable methods of helminthic control measure are necessary in order to enhance indigenous chicken production and eventually improve the economy of the rural farmers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens/parasitology*
  14. Effects of dietary palm oil on broiler chicken productive performance and carcass characteristics: a comprehensive review
    Saminathan M, Mohamed WNW, Noh 'M, Ibrahim NA, Fuat MA, Ramiah SK
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2022 Jan 17;54(1):64.
    PMID: 35038035 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03046-5
    Palm oil is a natural energy source ingredient in poultry diets that offers a broad range of beneficial effects on the performance of broiler chickens. This review was conducted to highlight the impact of palm oil as a feed ingredient on growth performance and carcass quality, as well as the biochemical, antioxidant activity and tissue fatty acids (FA) composition of broiler chickens. Palm oil inclusion in broiler chickens' rations contributes significantly to the high metabolisable energy (ME) of feed formulation, increases feed palatability and decreases digesta passage rate in the intestine. The reviewed literature indicated that dietary palm oil has a beneficial effect on broiler chickens' overall growth performance traits. The addition of palm oil can also improve the heat tolerance of chickens reared in high ambient temperature conditions. Regardless of breed and breeding conditions, palm oil exhibits good oxidative stability in broiler chickens due to the presence of prevalent phytonutrient elements in this oil. The inclusion of palm oil increased palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids in tissue deposits, which improves meat stability and quality. Moreover, molecular studies have revealed that higher mRNA expression of several lipid-related hepatic genes in broiler chickens fed palm oil. Nonetheless, dietary palm oil can influence FA deposition in tissues, modulate lipoprotein and triglycerides (TG) levels, and cytokine contents in the blood serum of broiler chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
  15. Campylobacter in chicken carcasses and slaughterhouses in Malaysia
    Rejab SB, Zessin KH, Fries R, Patchanee P
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2012 Jan;43(1):96-104.
    PMID: 23082559
    This study was conducted to determine the Campylobacter contamination rate of chicken carcasses and the processing lines of modern processing plants in Malaysia. Three hundred sixty samples were collected from 24 flocks of broiler chickens at 12 modern poultry processing plants in 6 states of Malaysia. Fresh fecal droppings were collected from crates in the arrival area. Neck skin samples were taken from processed chicken carcasses at 3 different processing stages: before inside-outside washing, after inside-outside washing and post chilling. Swab samples from the scalding tank, chilling tank and conveyer belt before chilling were also collected to determine contamination with Campylobacter in the slaughter house environment prior to slaughter. Isolation for Campylobacter was performed following ISO 10272-1:2006(E). The overall of contamination rate with Campylobacter at the 12 plants was 61.0% (220/360). Eighty point six percent of the samples from before the inside-outside wishing step were contaminated with Campylobacter, as were 62.5% of the samples after the inside washing and 38.9% after the post-chilling step. This study shows extensive contamination of chicken carcasses and slaughtering houses in Malaysia with Campylobacter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens/microbiology*
  16. Durability of induced heat tolerance by short-term heat challenge at broilers marketing age
    Soleimani AF, Kasim A, Alimon AR, Zulkifli I
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2008 Sep 01;11(17):2163-6.
    PMID: 19266934
    A trial was conducted to determine the influence of short-term exposure to high ambient temperature at 28 and 35 days of age on deep body temperatures (Tb) and subsequent growth of birds until 42 days of age. A total of 90 day old chicks were reared in stainless steel battery cages and were assigned at random into 18 pens of 5 birds each, with 9 pens containing males and another 9 pens containing females. Three treatment groups, each represented by 3 male and 3 female pens, were represented by T1 without any heat exposure, T2 with heat exposure starting at day 28 and T3 with heat exposure starting at day 35. Heat stress was defined as 180 min exposure to 35 +/- 1 degrees C. Tb and body weights were measured at 35, 37 and 39 days of age immediately following heat exposure. Heat stress resulted in higher Tb and Onset of heat stress at 28 days resulted in significantly lower Tb than onset of heat stress at 35 days. Lower Tb in T2 than T3 permitted recovery in body weight at 42 days. Sexes responded similarly to heat stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens/physiology*
  17. Ileal endogenous amino acid flow of broiler chickens under high ambient temperature
    Soleimani AF, Kasim A, Alimon AR, Meimandipour A, Zulkifli I
    J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2010 Oct;94(5):641-7.
    PMID: 20050954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00951.x
    High environmental temperature has detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of acute heat stress on endogenous amino acid (EAA) flow in broiler chickens. A total of 90, day-old broiler chicks were housed in battery cages in an environmentally controlled chamber. Chicks were fed a nitrogen-free diet on day 42 following either no heat exposure (no-heat) or 2 weeks exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 28 to 42 (2-week heat) or 1 week exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 35 to 42 (1 week heat). The most abundant amino acid in the ileal flow was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, serine and threonine in non-heat stressed group. The EAA flow in 1-week heat and 2-week heat birds were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those under no heat exposure (14682, 11161 and 9597 mg/kg of dry matter intake respectively). Moreover, the EAA flow of 2-week heat group was less than 1-week heat group by approximately 36%. These observations suggest that the effect of heat stress on EAA flow is mostly quantitative; however, heat stress may also alter the content of EAA flow qualitatively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens/physiology*
  18. An ultrasound-assisted system for the optimization of biodiesel production from chicken fat oil using a genetic algorithm and response surface methodology
    Fayyazi E, Ghobadian B, Najafi G, Hosseinzadeh B, Mamat R, Hosseinzadeh J
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2015 Sep;26:312-20.
    PMID: 25870003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.03.007
    Biodiesel is a green (clean), renewable energy source and is an alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil, animal fat and waste cooking oil or fat. Fats and oils react with alcohol to produce methyl ester, which is generally known as biodiesel. Because vegetable oil and animal fat wastes are cheaper, the tendency to produce biodiesel from these materials is increasing. In this research, the effect of some parameters such as the alcohol-to-oil molar ratio (4:1, 6:1, 8:1), the catalyst concentration (0.75%, 1% and 1.25% w/w) and the time for the transesterification reaction using ultrasonication on the rate of the fatty acids-to-methyl ester (biodiesel) conversion percentage have been studied (3, 6 and 9 min). In biodiesel production from chicken fat, when increasing the catalyst concentration up to 1%, the oil-to-biodiesel conversion percentage was first increased and then decreased. Upon increasing the molar ratio from 4:1 to 6:1 and then to 8:1, the oil-to-biodiesel conversion percentage increased by 21.9% and then 22.8%, respectively. The optimal point is determined by response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithms (GAs). The biodiesel production from chicken fat by ultrasonic waves with a 1% w/w catalyst percentage, 7:1 alcohol-to-oil molar ratio and 9 min reaction time was equal to 94.8%. For biodiesel that was produced by ultrasonic waves under a similar conversion percentage condition compared to the conventional method, the reaction time was decreased by approximately 87.5%. The time reduction for the ultrasonic method compared to the conventional method makes the ultrasonic method superior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
  19. Acute phase proteins response to feed deprivation in broiler chickens
    Najafi P, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Goh YM
    Poult Sci, 2016 Apr;95(4):760-3.
    PMID: 26908886 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew001
    Feed deprivation in poultry farming imposes some degree of stress to the birds, and adversely affects their well -being. Serum levels of acute phase proteins (APP) are potential physiological indicators of stress attributed to feed deprivation. However, it has not been determined how long it takes for a measurable APP response to stressors to occur in avian species. An experiment was designed to delineate the APP and circulating levels of corticosterone responses in commercial broiler chickens to feed deprivation for 30 h. It was hypothesized that feed deprivation would elicit both APP and corticosterone (CORT) reactions within 30 h that is probably associated with stress of hunger. Twenty-one day old birds were subjected to one of 5 feed deprivation periods: 0 (ad libitum, AL), 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h. Upon completion of the deprivation period, blood samples were collected to determine serum CORT, ovotransferrin (OVT), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and ceruloplasmin (CP) concentrations. Results showed that feed deprivation for 24 h or more caused a marked elevation in CORT (P=0.002 and P<0.0001, respectively) when compared to AL. However, increases in AGP (P=0.0005), CP (P=0.0002), and OVT (P=0.0003) were only noted following 30 h of feed deprivation. It is concluded that elicitation of AGP, CP, and OVT response may represent a more chronic stressful condition than CORT response in assessing the well-being of broiler chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens/physiology*
  20. Determination of biogenic amines in chicken, beef, and mutton by dansyl chloride microwave derivatization in Malaysia
    Yue CS, Lim AK, Chia ML, Wong PY, Chin JSR, Wong WH
    J Food Sci, 2023 Feb;88(2):650-665.
    PMID: 36624628 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16404
    In this study, an improved dansyl-chloride derivatization technique using a microwave synthesizer was used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of biogenic amine in the fresh meat samples. The derivatization technique was optimized in terms of temperature, reaction time, and spinning speed. The derivatization method together with a validated reversed-phase HPLC-DAD method was used for the determination of biogenic amines in chicken, beef, and mutton sold in the wet market. The results of the analyses showed that tryptamine, putrescine, and histamine were generally detected in all the three types of meat. Higher levels of histamine were found in chicken and beef. However, low levels of histamine were observed in mutton. Tyramine was either detected low or moderate in all the three types of meat. The biogenic amines of the fresh meat sold in the wet market is generally higher than the reported values. The mechanisms of biogenic amines-dansyl-chloride formation were investigated and proposed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The biogenic amine derivatization method was improved. The improved derivatization method can be potentially used for various food products beside meats for routine biogenic amine analyses due to its fast analysis time and simplicity. High levels of biogenic amines were generally found in the meat sold in the wet markets. However, proper handling of the raw meat can reduce the risk of infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chickens*
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