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Differenation of Trematode cercariae of the Genus Plagiorchis by use of the patterns of their argentophilic cuticular structures

Heyneman D, Umathevy T

Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):353-4.
PMID: 4224363
Matched MeSH terms: Trematoda/classification*
THE UNCLASSIFIED MYCOBACTERIA

MARCHETTE NJ

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Sep;18:42-5.
PMID: 14064297
Matched MeSH terms: Classification*
Two new larval trombiculid mites (Acarina, Trombiculidae) collected from ground holes and birds in Malaysia

Nadchatram M, Upham RW

J Med Entomol, 1966 Dec;3(3):345-50.
PMID: 5986757
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
[ON SOME INDO-MALAYAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ORTALIA MULS. (COLEOPTERS, COCCINELLIDAE)]

BIELAWSKI R

Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol, 1965;13:21-8.
PMID: 14298847
Matched MeSH terms: Classification*
An allied Plasmodium to Plasmodium booliati from the Taiwan flying squirrel

Sandosham AA, Yap LF

Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):225.
PMID: 4234359
Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/classification*
The genus Culex, subgenus Lophoceraomyia, in Malaya (Diptera: Culicidae)

Colless DH

J Med Entomol, 1965 Sep;2(3):261-307.
PMID: 5835484
Matched MeSH terms: Culex/classification*
Correlation of habitat, environment and color of chiggers, and their potential significance in the epidemiology of scrub typhus in Malaya (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae)

Nadchatram M

J Med Entomol, 1970 Apr;7(2):131-44.
PMID: 5425680
Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*
Fulltext An expert botanical feature extraction technique based on phenetic features for identifying plant species

Kolivand H, Fern BM, Rahim MSM, Sulong G, Baker T, Tully D

PLoS One, 2018;13(2):e0191447.
PMID: 29420568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191447

In this paper, we present a new method to recognise the leaf type and identify plant species using phenetic parts of the leaf; lobes, apex and base detection. Most of the research in this area focuses on the popular features such as the shape, colour, vein, and texture, which consumes large amounts of computational processing and are not efficient, especially in the Acer database with a high complexity structure of the leaves. This paper is focused on phenetic parts of the leaf which increases accuracy. Detecting the local maxima and local minima are done based on Centroid Contour Distance for Every Boundary Point, using north and south region to recognise the apex and base. Digital morphology is used to measure the leaf shape and the leaf margin. Centroid Contour Gradient is presented to extract the curvature of leaf apex and base. We analyse 32 leaf images of tropical plants and evaluated with two different datasets, Flavia, and Acer. The best accuracy obtained is 94.76% and 82.6% respectively. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique without considering the commonly used features with high computational cost.

Matched MeSH terms: Plants/classification*
Fulltext Molecular exploration of hidden diversity in the Indo-West Pacific sciaenid clade

Lo PC, Liu SH, Nor SAM, Chen WJ

PLoS One, 2017;12(4):e0176623.
PMID: 28453569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176623

The family Sciaenidae, known as croakers or drums, is one of the largest perciform fish families. A recent multi-gene based study investigating the phylogeny and biogeography of global sciaenids revealed that the origin and early diversification of this family occurred in tropical America during the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene before undergoing range expansions to other seas including the Indo-West Pacific, where high species richness is observed. Despite this clarification of the overall evolutionary history of the family, knowledge of the taxonomy and phylogeny of sciaenid genera endemic to the Indo-West Pacific is still limited due to lack of a thorough survey of all taxa. In this study, we used DNA-based approaches to investigate the evolutionary relationships, to explore the species diversity, and to elucidate the taxonomic status of sciaenid species/genera within the Indo-West Pacific clade. Three datasets were herein built for the above objectives: the combined dataset (248 samples from 45 currently recognized species) from one nuclear gene (RAG1) and one mitochondrial gene (COI); the dataset with only RAG1 gene sequences (245 samples from 44 currently recognized species); and the dataset with only COI gene sequences (308 samples from 51 currently recognized species). The latter was primarily used for our biodiversity exploration with two different species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, ABGD and Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent, GMYC). The results were further evaluated with help of four supplementary criteria for species delimitation (genetic similarity, monophyly inferred from individual gene and combined data trees, geographic distribution, and morphology). Our final results confirmed the validity of 32 currently recognized species and identified several potential new species waiting for formal descriptions. We also reexamined the taxonomic status of the genera, Larimichthys, Nibea, Protonibea and Megalonibea, and suggested a revision of Nibea and proposed a new genus Pseudolarimichthys.

Matched MeSH terms: Perciformes/classification*
Presence of Anopheles aberrans Harrison and Scanlon a newly described specie in the A. aitkeni group from peninsula Malaysia

Cheong WH, Mahadevan S

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1978 Sep;9(3):459-60.
PMID: 749235
Matched MeSH terms: Anopheles/classification
Seaweed composition from Bintulu coast of Sarawak, Malaysia

Zawawi MH, Idris MH, Kamal AH, King WS

Pak J Biol Sci, 2014 Aug;17(8):1007-14.
PMID: 26031019

Species composition of seaweed and distribution were investigated in the coastal waters of Bintulu, Sarawak. The seaweed samples were collected during low tide between May 2011 and May 2012 from the six different stations. In total 54 species of seaweeds were identified from study areas of Bintulu coastal waters. Among them, 23 species were from Rhodophyta with 11 families, 15 species were from Phaeophyta with 2 families and 16 species were from Chlorophyta with 10 families: Seventeen species of seaweeds were recorded from the Tanjung Batu, while 23 species from Pantai Telekom, 14 species from Golden Beach, 26 species from Kuala Similajau, 12 species from Kuala Nyalau and 21 species from Batu Mandi. Seaweeds abundance was high in rocky substrate and Rhodophyta (11 families and 23 species) was the common and highest group of seaweeds in this coastal areas. Present study recorded high diversified seaweed species at the rocky shore area compare to reef area.

Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/classification*
Determination of melanin types and relative concentrations: an observational study using a non-invasive inverse skin reflectance analysis

Hani AF, Baba R, Shamsuddin N, Nugroho H

Int J Cosmet Sci, 2014 Oct;36(5):451-8.
PMID: 24925684 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12147

OBJECTIVE: Melanin is a major skin colour pigment that is made up of eumelanin (the dark brown-black colour) and pheomelanin (the light red-yellow colour) pigments. Skin-whitening products typically contain depigmentation agents that reduce the level of pigmentation by changing the pheomelanin-eumelanin production. Similarly, in skin pigment treatment of skin disorders, the melanin production is managed accordingly. To assess and improve treatment efficacy, it is important to have a measurement tool that is capable of determining the melanin types objectively. So far, the efficacy assessment is subjective. In this study, an inverse skin reflectance pigmentation analysis system that determines eumelanin and pheomelanin content is developed and evaluated in an observational study involving 36 participants with skin photo type IV.
METHODS: The reflectance spectra of the left forearms of participants were analysed by the pigmentation analysis system to determine their skin parameters--pheomelanin and eumelanin concentrations, melanosome volume fraction, and epidermal thickness. The determined skin parameters are then inputted into the realistic skin model (RSM) of the Advanced Systems Analyses Program (asap®) to generate the ground truth reflectance spectra for the given skin parameters to validate the system.
RESULTS: The developed pigmentation analysis system is found to be accurate with a spectral error of 0.0163 ± 0.009 between measured reflectance and the reflectance output of the analysis system and RSM. The regression analysis shows a strong linear relationship (R(2) = 0.994) indicating good precision. The relative concentrations of pheomelanin (38.23 ± 15.04) and eumelanin (1.68 ± 0.91) analysed by the system gives a ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin of 0.048 ± 0.029; this value is consistent with previously reported figure of 0.049.
CONCLUSION: The proposed pigmentation analysis system is able to determine melanin types and their relative concentrations. It has the potential to assess the efficacy of the skin-whitening and pigmentation treatments objectively in a non-invasive manner.

Matched MeSH terms: Melanins/classification*
Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from soil in Malaysia

Soon SH

Mycopathologia, 1991 Mar;113(3):155-8.
PMID: 2067562

Two hundred and thirty soil samples from different localities were examined for the presence of geophilic keratinophilic fungi. Six species namely Microsporum gypseum--34 isolates, Chrysosporium keratinophilum--29, C. tropicum--20, Keratinophyton terreum--4, Trichophyton terrestre--8 and Chrysosporium species--3--were isolated. Most of these fungi were recovered from garden, field and river bank soil. The importance of these findings is briefly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Ascomycota/classification; Chrysosporium/classification; Microsporum/classification; Trichophyton/classification
Identification of some common infective filarial larvae in Malaysia

Yen PK, Zaman V, Mak JW

J Helminthol, 1982 Mar;56(1):69-80.
PMID: 7069185

Infective larvae of Wuchereria, Brugia, Breinlia, Dirofilaria and Setaria species from an experimental vector, Aedes togoi, are compared. The distinctive bubble-like caudal papillae of Wuchereria bancrofti are readily distinguishable from the protuberant ones of Brugia spp; the 'ear-like' papillae of Breinlia are distinct from the 'knob-like' ones of Dirofilaria or the 'thorn-like' terminal papilla of Setaria.

Matched MeSH terms: Brugia/classification; Dirofilaria/classification; Filarioidea/classification*; Wuchereria/classification
Insight into global mosquito biogeography from country species records

Foley DH, Rueda LM, Wilkerson RC

J Med Entomol, 2007 Jul;44(4):554-67.
PMID: 17695008

To advance our limited knowledge of global mosquito biogeography, we analyzed country occurrence records from the Systematic Catalog of the Culicidae (http://www.mosquitocatalog. org/main.asp), and we present world maps of species richness and endemism. A latitudinal biodiversity gradient was observed, with species richness increasing toward the equator. A linear log-log species (y)-area (x) relationship (SAR) was found that we used to compare observed and expected species densities for each country. Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand had the highest numbers of species, and Brazil also had the highest taxonomic output and number of type locations. Brazil, Australia, the Philippines, and Indonesia had the highest numbers of endemic species, but excluding small island countries, Panama, French Guiana, Malaysia, and Costa Rica had the highest densities of total species and endemic species. Globally, 50% of mosquito species are endemic. Island countries had higher total number of species and higher number of endemic species than mainland countries of similar size, but the slope of the SAR was similar for island and mainland countries. Islands also had higher numbers of publications and type locations, possibly due to greater sampling effort and/or species endemism on islands. The taxonomic output was lowest for some countries in Africa and the Middle East. A consideration of country estimates of past sampling effort and species richness and endemism is proposed to guide mosquito biodiversity surveys. For species groups, we show that the number of species of Anopheles subgenus Anopheles varies with those of subgenus Cellia in a consistent manner between countries depending on the region. This pattern is discussed in relation to hypotheses about the historical biogeography and ecology of this medically important genus. Spatial analysis of country species records offers new insight into global patterns of mosquito biodiversity and survey history.

Matched MeSH terms: Anopheles/classification*; Culicidae/classification*
Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) Umbricola, new species, a probable vector of scrub typhus in Peninsular Malaysia

Nadchatram M, Dohany AL

Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol., 1980 Oct;33(5):277-82.
PMID: 7300039

Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) umbricola, described here as a new species, is a member of the L. (L.) deliense group and most closely resembles L. (L.) vivericola. L. (L.) umbricola was collected from the ground surface and from animal hosts, in similar habitats to the scrub typhus vector, L. (L.) deliense. The host and habitat distribution records and the Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection rates within unengorged specimens suggest that L. (L.) umbricola may be an important vector of scrub typhus in Peninsular Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Mites/classification*; Trombiculidae/classification*
Two new species of Leptotrombidium (Ascarina, Trombiculidae) from Malaysia

Vercammen-Grandjean PH, Langston RL

J Med Entomol, 1971 Oct 30;8(4):450-3.
PMID: 5159261
Matched MeSH terms: Larva/classification; Mites/classification*
Nationwide distribution of Culex mosquitoes and associated habitat characteristics at residential areas in Malaysia

Low VL, Chen CD, Lee HL, Lim PE, Leong CS, Sofian-Azirun M

J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2012 Sep;28(3):160-9.
PMID: 23833895

A standardized larval dipping method was used to determine the infestation rates of Culex and other species of mosquitoes in stagnant water at 20 residential areas. This study also examined the associations between Culex distribution and various habitat characteristics across all states in Malaysia. Identification of 7,848 specimens yielded 6 species dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus (82.74%), followed by Cx. vishui (14.39%), Cx. gelidus (2.70%), Lutzia fuscanus (0.11%), Armigeres subalbatus (0.05%), and Anopheles separatus (0.01%). The Culex larvae occurred in stagnant water with pH ranging from 6.4 to 8.2; conductivity, 139.7 to 6635.2 micros/cm; salinity, 0.07 to 3.64 ppt; total dissolved solids, 0.09 to 4.27g/liter; and dissolved oxygen, 5.11 to 8.11 mg/liter. The mean number of Culex larvae was positively correlated with pH, conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids. In contrast, the elevation and dissolved oxygen were found negatively correlated with mean number of Culex larvae. This study documented baseline information on the habitat characteristics of Culex species for the 1st time at different residential areas in Malaysia. The findings of this study will be a timely reminder to local authorities that effective control measures should be monitored regularly in order to reduce the nuisance of these mosquitoes and the risks of disease transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: Culex/classification*; Larva/classification
What are the evolutionary mechanisms explaining the similar species richness patterns in tropical mosses? Insights from the phylogeny of the pantropical genus Pelekium

Norhazrina N, Vanderpoorten A, Hedenäs L, Patiño J

Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2016 12;105:139-145.
PMID: 27530707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.008

As opposed to angiosperms, moss species richness is similar among tropical regions of the world, in line with the hypothesis that tropical bryophytes are extremely good dispersers. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the pantropical moss genus Pelekium to test the hypothesis that high migration rates erase any difference in species richness among tropical regions. In contrast with this hypothesis, several species considered to have a pantropical range were resolved as a complex of species with a strong geographic structure. Consequently, a significant phylogeographical signal was found in the data, evidencing that cladogenetic diversification within regions takes place at a faster rate than intercontinental migration. The shape of the Pelekium phylogeny, along with the selection of a constant-rate model of diversification among species in the genus, suggests, however, that the cladogenetic speciation patterns observed in Pelekium are not comparable to some of the spectacular examples of tropical radiations reported in angiosperms. Rather, the results presented here point to the constant accumulation of diversity through time in Pelekium. This, combined with evidence for long-distance dispersal limitations in the genus, suggests that the similar patterns of species richness among tropical areas are better explained in terms of comparable rates of diversification across tropical regions than by the homogenization of species richness by recurrent migrations.

Matched MeSH terms: Angiosperms/classification; Bryophyta/classification*
Description of a new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to 18 species of the Simulium asakoae species-group

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Hashim R

J Med Entomol, 2013 Nov;50(6):1179-89.
PMID: 24843921 DOI: 10.1603/me13036

Simulium (Comphostilbia) izuae sp. nov. is described from female, male, pupal, and larval specimens collected from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia. This new species is placed in the asakoae species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia. The pupa of this new species is characterized by the gill with eight long filaments arranged as (3 + 3) + 2 filaments, of which the ventral pair of filaments is borne on a stalk that is always shorter than the common basal stalk. Taxonomic notes to distinguish this new species from five other Malaysian species and 12 other species of the asakoae species-group from other countries are given. Keys to identify all 18 species of the asakoae species-group are also provided for females, males, pupae, and mature larvae.

Matched MeSH terms: Larva/classification; Pupa/classification; Simuliidae/classification*

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