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Fulltext Angular velocity and elevation angle: the proposed human model scalable tracking model using linear regression

Yong CY, Sudirman R, Chew KM

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44(12):1661-1669.

A scalable tracking human model was proposed for recognizing human jogging and walking activities. The model aims to detect and track a particular subject by using wearable sensor. Data collected are in accelerometer readings in three axes and gyroscope readings in three axes. The development of proposed human model is based on the moderating effects on human movements. Two moderators were proposed as the moderating factors of human motion and they are angular velocity and elevation angle. Linear regression is used to investigate the relationship among inputs, moderators and outputs of the model. The result of this study showed that the angular velocity and elevation angle moderators are affecting the relation of research output. Acceleration in x-axis (Ax) and angular velocity in y-axis (Gy) are the two main components in directing
a motion. Classification between jogging and walking motions was done by measuring the magnitude of angular velocity and elevation angle. Jogging motion was classified and identified with larger angular velocity and elevation angle. The two proposed hypotheses were supported and proved by research output. The result is expected to be beneficial and able to assist researcher in investigating human motions.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion
Fulltext Anterior Displacement of Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow inChildren Based on Ultrasonography

Shamsul, H., Saw, A., John, G.

Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(1):29-33.
MyJurnal

This study involved evaluation of the elbows of 50 children between 4 to 14 years of age. Clinical examination for elbow flexion, extension, range of motion and carrying angle were performed, followed by ultrasonographic examination to determine position of the ulnar nerve in relation to the medial epicondyle upon elbow flexion and extension. Thirty-one elbows showed anterior displacement of the ulnar nerve, of which 14 were due to subluxation and 17 to dislocation. We found that anterior translation of ulnar nerve is present in the elbows up to 31% of children, especially those with increased range of elbow motion.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Fulltext Anteromedial Surface Plating for Midshaft Fracture Humerus Through an Anterolateral Approach - A Better Option than Anterolateral Plating

Rai SK, Sud AD, Kashid M, Gogoi B

Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):66-72.
PMID: 33403064 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.011

Introduction: Osteosynthesis by plate fixation of humeral shaft fractures as a gold standard for fracture fixation has been proven beyond doubt. However, during conventional anterolateral plating Radial nerve injury may occur which can be avoided by applying plate on the medial flat surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of application of plate on the flat medial surface of humerus rather than the conventional anterolateral surface.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between Oct 2010 to Dec 2015. One-hundred-fifty fracture shafts of the humerus were treated with the anteromedial plating through the anterolateral approach.
Results: One-hundred-fifty patients with a fracture shaft of the humerus were treated with anteromedial plating. Twenty were female (mean ±SD,28 years±4.5) and 130 were male (mean ± SD, 38 years±5.6). One hundred and forty-eight out of 150 (98.6%) patients achieved union at 12 months. Two of three patients developed a superficial infection, both of which were treated successfully by antibiotics and one developed a deep infection, which was treated by wound debridement, prolonged antibiotics with the removal of the plate and subsequently by delayed plating and bone grafting.
Conclusion: In the present study, we applied plate on the anteromedial flat surface of humerus using the anterolateral approach. It is an easier and quicker fixation as compared to anterolateral plating because later involved much more dissection than a medial application of the plate and this application of plate on a medial flat surface, does not required Radial nerve exposure and palsy post-operatively. The significant improvement in elbow flexion without brachialis dissection is also a potential benefit of this approach. Based on our results, we recommend the application of an anteromedial plate for treatment of midshaft fractures humerus.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Anthropometric and physiological profiles of sepak takraw players

Jawis MN, Singh R, Singh HJ, Yassin MN

Br J Sports Med, 2005 Nov;39(11):825-9; discussion 825-9.
PMID: 16244191

OBJECTIVES: Anthropometric and physiological profiles of national sepak takraw players were determined.
METHODS: Thirty nine players, specialising in the three playing positions (tekong/server, feeder, and killer/spiker) were divided into three age categories of under 15 (U15), under 18 (U18), and under 23 (U23) years of age. Height, weight, percent body fat (%bf), maximum oxygen consumption (Vo(2max)), range of motion (ROM), back and leg strength, and heart rate, for the estimation of oxygen consumption during matches, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA for independent measurements and data are presented as mean+/-standard deviation.
RESULTS: The U23 players were significantly taller and heavier with significantly better ROM of the neck, trunk, and ankle joints and back and leg strength than the U15 players. No significant difference was found in %bf between the three age categories. Mean maximum heart rate during exercise was significantly higher in the U15 group when compared to the U18 and U23 groups (p<0.05). Mean Vo2max was similar between the three groups. Estimated oxygen consumption during matches was 69.1%, 68.5%, and 56.4% of Vo2max in the killer, tekong, and the feeder groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The mean height, body weight, and cardiopulmonary capacities of the players were within the Malaysian population norms, but were somewhat lower than those of players of other court games from other countries. %bf was also lower in these players. This study provides the much needed anthropometric and physiological data of sepak takraw players for further development of this sport.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
Fulltext Approximating non linear higher order ODEs by a three point block algorithm

Rasedee AFN, Abdul Sathar MH, Othman KI, Hamzah SR, Ishak N

PLoS One, 2021;16(2):e0246904.
PMID: 33577619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246904

Differential equations are commonly used to model various types of real life applications. The complexity of these models may often hinder the ability to acquire an analytical solution. To overcome this drawback, numerical methods were introduced to approximate the solutions. Initially when developing a numerical algorithm, researchers focused on the key aspect which is accuracy of the method. As numerical methods becomes more and more robust, accuracy alone is not sufficient hence begins the pursuit of efficiency which warrants the need for reducing computational cost. The current research proposes a numerical algorithm for solving initial value higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The proposed algorithm is derived as a three point block multistep method, developed in an Adams type formulae (3PBCS) and will be used to solve various types of ODEs and systems of ODEs. Type of ODEs that are selected varies from linear to nonlinear, artificial and real life problems. Results will illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed three point block method. Order, stability and convergence of the method are also presented in the study.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion
Fulltext Arthrofibrosis Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Rushdi I, Sharifudin S, Shukur A

Malays Orthop J, 2019 Nov;13(3):34-38.
PMID: 31890108 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1911.006

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a frequent injury and its reconstruction is among the most commonly performed orthopaedic surgical procedures. ACL reconstruction generally yields good results. However, its recovery can be hampered by the development of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to review complications following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction done in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh and Hospital Teluk Intan, Perak with the emphasis on arthrofibrosis. Arthrofibrosis is defined as a loss of 15 degrees extension or more, with or without flexion loss compared to the contralateral knee. Materials and Methods: The study is based on a series of retrospective cases, on which medical records of 200 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgeries between March 2007 and December 2014 were reviewed. Follow-up treatment records were available for 166 patients (83%). The data was analysed to identify the risk factors for developing complications with an emphasis on arthrofibrosis. Results: Eight patients (5%) developed arthrofibrosis in the post-operative period. Early surgical intervention, preoperative limited range of motion and female gender are the risk factors correlate with arthrofibrosis. However, the type of graft used and meniscal procedure do not have a significant correlation with the development of arthrofibrosis. Other complications encountered are local infections, hypertrophic scar and chronic regional pain syndromes. Conclusion: The 5% incidence of arthrofibrosis following an ACL reconstruction in our centres can be reduced with proper preventive measures which include thorough preoperative evaluation, proper patient selection, restoration of ROM prior to surgery and proper timing of surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Articular cartilage regeneration with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells and hyaluronic acid after arthroscopic subchondral drilling: a report of 5 cases with histology

Saw KY, Anz A, Merican S, Tay YG, Ragavanaidu K, Jee CS, et al.

Arthroscopy, 2011 Apr;27(4):493-506.
PMID: 21334844 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.11.054

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of articular cartilage regeneration after arthroscopic subchondral drilling followed by postoperative intraarticular injections of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA).
METHODS: Five patients underwent second-look arthroscopy with chondral core biopsy. These 5 patients are part of a larger pilot study in which 180 patients with International Cartilage Repair Society grade III and IV lesions of the knee joint underwent arthroscopic subchondral drilling followed by postoperative intra-articular injections. Continuous passive motion was used on the operated knee 2 hours per day for 4 weeks. Partial weight bearing was observed for the first 6 to 8 weeks. Autologous PBPCs were harvested 1 week after surgery. One week after surgery, 8 mL of the harvested PBPCs in combination with 2 mL of HA was injected intra-articularly into the operated knee. The remaining PBPCs were divided into vials and cryopreserved. A total of 5 weekly intra-articular injections were given.
RESULTS: Second-look arthroscopy confirmed articular cartilage regeneration, and histologic sections showed features of hyaline cartilage. Apart from the minimal discomfort of PBPC harvesting and localized pain associated with the intra-articular injections, there were no other notable adverse reactions.
CONCLUSIONS: Articular hyaline cartilage regeneration is possible with arthroscopic subchondral drilling followed by postoperative intraarticular injections of autologous PBPCs in combination with HA.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive
Assessing the Flexibility of the Proximal Thoracic Segments Above the "Potential Upper Instrumented Vertebra" Using the Cervical Supine Side Bending Radiographs in Lenke 1 and 2 Curves for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients

Chan CYW, Chiu CK, Kwan MK

Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2016 Aug 15;41(16):E973-E980.
PMID: 26909833 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001516

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the proximal thoracic (PT) flexibility and its compensatory ability above the "potential UIV."
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Shoulder and neck imbalance can be caused by overcorrection of the main thoracic (MT) curve due to inability of PT segment to compensate.
METHODS: Cervical supine side bending (CSB) radiographs of 100 Lenke 1 and 2 patients were studied. We further stratified Lenke 1 curves into Lenke 1-ve: PT side bending (PTSB) 80.0% of cases of the PT segment were unable to compensate at T3-T6. In Lenke 1+ve curves, 78.4% were unable to compensate at T6, followed by T5 (75.7%), T4 (73.0%), T3 (59.5%), T2 (27.0%), and T1 (21.6%). In Lenke 1-ve curves, 36.4% of cases were unable to compensate at T6, followed by T5 (45.5%), T4 (45.5%), T3 (30.3%), T2 (21.2%), and T1 (15.2%). A significant difference between Lenke 1-ve and Lenke 1+ve was observed from T3 to T6. The difference between Lenke 1+ve and Lenke 2 curves was significant only at T2.
CONCLUSION: The compensation ability and the flexibility of the PT segments of Lenke 1-ve and Lenke 1+ve curves were different. Lenke 1+ve curves demonstrated similar characteristics to Lenke 2 curves.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*
Fulltext Association of anthropometric parameters with amplitude and crosstalk of mechanomyographic signals during forearm flexion, pronation and supination torque tasks

Talib I, Sundaraj K, Lam CK

Sci Rep, 2019 11 07;9(1):16166.
PMID: 31700129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52536-4

This study aimed to quantify the association of four anthropometric parameters of the human arm, namely, the arm circumference (CA), arm length (LA), skinfold thickness (ST) and inter-sensor distance (ISD), with amplitude (RMS) and crosstalk (CT) of mechanomyography (MMG) signals. Twenty-five young, healthy, male participants were recruited to perform forearm flexion, pronation and supination torque tasks. Three accelerometers were employed to record the MMG signals from the biceps brachii (BB), brachialis (BRA) and brachioradialis (BRD) at 80% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Signal RMS was used to quantify the amplitude of the MMG signals from a muscle, and cross-correlation coefficients were used to quantify the magnitude of the CT among muscle pairs (BB & BRA, BRA & BRD, and BB & BRD). For all investigated muscles and pairs, RMS and CT showed negligible to low negative correlations with CA, LA and ISD (r = -0.0001--0.4611), and negligible to moderate positive correlations with ST (r = 0.004-0.511). However, almost all of these correlations were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that RMS and CT values for the elbow flexor muscles recorded and quantified using accelerometers appear invariant to anthropometric parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect

Tay BA

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2014 Aug;90(2):022142.
PMID: 25215723

We study a series of N oscillators, each coupled to its nearest neighbors, and linearly to a phonon field through the oscillator's number operator. We show that the Hamiltonian of a pair of adjacent oscillators, or a dimer, within the series of oscillators can be transformed into a form in which they are collectively coupled to the phonon field as a composite unit. In the weak coupling and rotating-wave approximation, the system behaves effectively as the trilinear boson model in the one excitation subspace of the dimer subsystem. The reduced dynamics of the one excitation subspace of the dimer subsystem coupled weakly to a phonon bath is similar to that of a two-level system, with a metastable state against the vacuum. The decay constant of the subsystem is proportional to the dephasing rate of the individual oscillator in a phonon bath, attenuated by a factor that depends on site asymmetry, intersite coupling, and the resonance frequency between the transformed oscillator modes, or excitons. As a result of the collective effect, the excitation relaxation lifetime is prolonged over the dephasing lifetime of an individual oscillator coupled to the same bath.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion
Fulltext Automatic Annotation of Unlabeled Data from Smartphone-Based Motion and Location Sensors

Pius Owoh N, Mahinderjit Singh M, Zaaba ZF

Sensors (Basel), 2018 Jul 03;18(7).
PMID: 29970823 DOI: 10.3390/s18072134

Automatic data annotation eliminates most of the challenges we faced due to the manual methods of annotating sensor data. It significantly improves users’ experience during sensing activities since their active involvement in the labeling process is reduced. An unsupervised learning technique such as clustering can be used to automatically annotate sensor data. However, the lingering issue with clustering is the validation of generated clusters. In this paper, we adopted the k-means clustering algorithm for annotating unlabeled sensor data for the purpose of detecting sensitive location information of mobile crowd sensing users. Furthermore, we proposed a cluster validation index for the k-means algorithm, which is based on Multiple Pair-Frequency. Thereafter, we trained three classifiers (Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes) using cluster labels generated from the k-means clustering algorithm. The accuracy, precision, and recall of these classifiers were evaluated during the classification of “non-sensitive” and “sensitive” data from motion and location sensors. Very high accuracy scores were recorded from Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers while a fairly high accuracy score was recorded from the Naïve Bayes classifier. With the hybridized machine learning (unsupervised and supervised) technique presented in this paper, unlabeled sensor data was automatically annotated and then classified.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion
Axisymmetric slip flow on a vertical cylinder with heat transfer

Singh G, Makinde OD

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:483-489.

The paper is aimed at studying fluid flow heat transfer in the axisymmetric boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid, along the axial direction of a vertical stationary isothermal cylinder in presence of uniform free stream with momentum slip. The equations governing the flow i.e. continuity, momentum and energy equation are transformed into non-similar boundary layer equations and are solved numerically employing asymptotic series method with Shanks transformation. The numerical scheme involves the Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme along with the shooting technique. The flow is analyzed for both assisting and opposing buoyancy and the effect of different parameters on fluid velocity, temperature distribution, heat transfer and shear stress parameters is presented graphically.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion
Beta-sheet containment by flanking prolines: molecular dynamic simulations of the inhibition of beta-sheet elongation by proline residues in human prion protein

Shamsir MS, Dalby AR

Biophys J, 2007 Mar 15;92(6):2080-9.
PMID: 17172295

Previous molecular dynamic simulations have reported elongation of the existing beta-sheet in prion proteins. Detailed examination has shown that these elongations do not extend beyond the proline residues flanking these beta-sheets. In addition, proline has also been suggested to possess a possible structural role in preserving protein interaction sites by preventing invasion of neighboring secondary structures. In this work, we have studied the possible structural role of the flanking proline residues by simulating mutant structures with alternate substitution of the proline residues with valine. Simulations showed a directional inhibition of elongation, with the elongation progressing in the direction of valine including evident inhibition of elongation by existing proline residues. This suggests that the flanking proline residues in prion proteins may have a containment role and would confine the beta-sheet within a specific length.

Matched MeSH terms: Motion
Fulltext Bilateral Asymmetrical Fracture Dislocation of Shoulder with Rare Combination of Injuries after Epileptic Seizure: A Case Report

Sharma A, Jindal S, Narula MS, Garg S, Sethi A

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Mar;11(1):74-76.
PMID: 28435581 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1703.011

The incidence of bilateral gleno-humeral joint dislocation is rare, is almost always posterior and is usually caused by sports injuries, epileptic seizures, electrical shock, or electroconvulsive therapy. Bilateral fracture-dislocation is even rarer, with a few cases reported in the literature. We report an unusual case with dislocation of the both glenohumeral joints in opposite direction after a seizure episode, with fracture of greater tuberosity on one side and of the lesser tuberosity on the contralateral side. Although there have been a few reports of bilateral asymmetric fracture dislocations of the shoulder in the past, an injury pattern resembling our case has, to the best of our knowledge, not been described in the literature so far. This report includes a detailed discussion regarding the mechanism of injury in a case of asymmetrical dislocation following a seizure episode. At final follow-up, the patient had healed fractures, painless near normal range of motion with no redislocations.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Fulltext Bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players

Daneshjoo A, Rahnama N, Mokhtar AH, Yusof A

J Hum Kinet, 2013 Mar;36:45-53.
PMID: 23717354 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0005

This study investigated bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. Thirty-six soccer players (age: 18.9 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. A Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to assess the hamstring and quadriceps strength at selected speeds of 60°/s, 180°/s and 300°/s. Hip joint flexibility was measured using a goniometer. No difference was observed in conventional strength ratio, dynamic control ratio and fast/slow speed ratio between the dominant and non-dominant legs (p>0.05). All but one of the players (97.2%) had musculoskeletal abnormality (bilateral imbalance > 10%) in one or more specific muscle groups. The dominant leg had greater hip joint flexibility compared with the non-dominant leg (108.8 ± 10.7° versus 104.6 ± 9.8°, respectively). The findings support the hypothesis that physical performance and movement pattern experienced during soccer playing may negatively change the balance of strength in both legs (bilateral strength balance), but not on the same leg of the young male professional soccer players. The results can be helpful for trainers and coaches to decide whether the players need to improve their balance and strength which in turn may prevent injury. It is suggested that in professional soccer training, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength, as well as hip joint flexibility should not be overlooked.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Fulltext Biomechanical Analysis of Crossed Pinning Construct in Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus: Does the Point of Crossing Matter?

Hanim A, Wafiuddin M, Azfar MA, Awang MS, Nik Abdul Adel NA

Cureus, 2021 Mar 22;13(3):e14043.
PMID: 33898129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14043

Introduction This appears to be the first biomechanical study that compares the stability of various locations of the crossing points in crossed pinning Kirschner wiring (K-wire) construct in treating pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHF). Additionally, this study compared the biomechanical stability between crossed pinning K-wire construct and the three-lateral divergent K-wire construct. Methods For the study purpose, 30 synthetic humerus bones were osteotomised at mid-olecranon fossa, anatomically reduced, and pinned using two 1.6-millimeter K-wires in five different constructs. A total of six samples were prepared for each construct and tested for extension, flexion, valgus, varus, internal rotation, and external rotation forces. Results As for crossed pinning K-wire construct, the center crossing point emerged as the stiffest construct in both linear and rotational forces, in comparison to the lateral crossing point, superior crossing, and medial crossing point Conclusion Based on this analysis, it is highly recommended that, if the crossed pinning construct is selected to treat supracondylar humerus fracture, the surgeon should aim for center crossing point as it is the most stable construct. Nevertheless, if lateral and superior crossing points are obtained during the initial attempt of fixation, the fixation may be accepted without revising the K-wire as the stability of these two constructs are comparable and portrayed no significant difference when compared to that of the center crossing point. Additionally, it is essential to avoid the medial crossing point as it is significantly less stable in terms of rotational force when compared to the center crossing point.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Biomechanical analysis of knee laxity with isolated anteromedial or posterolateral bundle-deficient anterior cruciate ligament

Kondo E, Merican AM, Yasuda K, Amis AA

Arthroscopy, 2014 Mar;30(3):335-43.
PMID: 24581258 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.12.003

The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in the kinematics of the knee that result from isolated deficiency of the anteromedial (AM) or posterolateral (PL) bundle.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Biomechanical and functional efficacy of knee sleeves: A literature review

Mohd Sharif NA, Goh SL, Usman J, Wan Safwani WKZ

Phys Ther Sport, 2017 Nov;28:44-52.
PMID: 28673759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.05.001

BACKGROUND: Knee sleeves are widely used for the symptomatic relief and subjective improvements of knee problems. To date, however, their biomechanical effects have not been well understood.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether knee sleeves can significantly improve the biomechanical variables for knee problems.
METHOD: Systematic literature search was conducted on four online databases - PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Springer Link - to find peer-reviewed and relevant scientific papers on knee sleeves published from January 2005 to January 2015. Study quality was assessed using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale (SEQES).
RESULTS: Twenty studies on knee sleeves usage identified from the search were included in the review because of their heterogeneous scope of coverage. Twelve studies found significant improvement in gait parameters (3) and functional parameters (9), while eight studies did not find any significant effects of knee sleeves usage.
CONCLUSION: Most improvements were observed in: proprioception for healthy knees, gait and balance for osteoarthritic knees, and functional improvement of injured knees. This review suggests that knee sleeves can effect functional improvements to knee problems. However, further work is needed to confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of homogeneity and rigor of existing studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Biomechanical comparison between cortical screw-rod construct versus pedicle screw-rod construct in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Yin Wei CC, Haw SS, Bashir ES, Beng SL, Shanmugam R, Keong KM

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2017 01;25(1):2309499017690656.
PMID: 28219305 DOI: 10.1177/2309499017690656

OBJECTIVE: To compare construct stiffness of cortical screw (CS)-rod transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) construct (G2) versus pedicle screw (PS)-rod TLIF construct (G1) in the standardized porcine lumbar spine.
METHODS: Six porcine lumbar spines (L2-L5) were separated into 12 functional spine units. Bilateral total facetectomies and interlaminar decompression were performed for all specimens. Non-destructive loading to assess stiffness in lateral bending, flexion and extension as well as axial rotation was performed using a universal material testing machine.
RESULTS: PS and CS constructs were significantly stiffer than the intact spine except in axial rotation. Using the normalized ratio to the intact spine, there is no significant difference between the stiffness of PS and CS: flexion (1.41 ± 0.27, 1.55 ± 0.32), extension (1.98 ± 0.49, 2.25 ± 0.44), right lateral flexion (1.93 ± 0.57, 1.55 ± 0.30), left lateral flexion (2.00 ± 0.73, 2.16 ± 0.20), right axial rotation (0.99 ± 0.21, 0.83 ± 0.26) and left axial rotation (0.96 ± 0.22, 0.92 ± 0.25).
CONCLUSION: The CS-rod TLIF construct provided comparable construct stiffness to a traditional PS-rod TLIF construct in a 'standardized' porcine lumbar spine model.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular
Biomechanical factors associated with non-specific low back pain in adults: A systematic review

Abd Rahman NA, Li S, Schmid S, Shaharudin S

Phys Ther Sport, 2023 Jan;59:60-72.
PMID: 36516512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.11.011

Low back pain (LBP) can result in increased direct medical and non-medical costs to patients, employers, and health care providers. This systematic review aimed to provide a better understanding of the biomechanical factors associated with chronic non-specific LBP in adults. SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched. In total, 26 studies were included and significant differences were noted between healthy controls and LBP patients in various motion. Biomechanical factors among adults with non-specific LBP were altered and differed as compared to healthy controls in various motion might be to compensate the pain during those motions. This review highlighted the biomechanical differences across those with non-specific LBP and healthy adults. Both groups showed a similar level of pain during functional tasks but LBP patients suffered from a moderate level of disability. Future studies should not rely on questionnaire-based pain scale only. The biomechanical factors summarized in this review can be used to diagnose non-specific LBP accurately, and as modifiable targets for exercise-based intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular

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