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Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 676 in total

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Eosinophilic granuloma of pancreas caused by Ascaris eggs

Dutt AK, Beasley D, Sandosham AA

Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):158-60.
PMID: 4244144
Matched MeSH terms: Ascaris/pathogenicity*
Fulltext Hijacking of the Host's Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Barathan M, Girija ASS, Shankar EM, Vadivelu J

Front Immunol, 2021;12:718719.
PMID: 34456925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718719

Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease for which no licensed vaccine is available thus far. The host-pathogen interactions in B. pseudomallei infection largely remain the tip of the iceberg. The pathological manifestations are protean ranging from acute to chronic involving one or more visceral organs leading to septic shock, especially in individuals with underlying conditions similar to COVID-19. Pathogenesis is attributed to the intracellular ability of the bacterium to 'step into' the host cell's cytoplasm from the endocytotic vacuole, where it appears to polymerize actin filaments to spread across cells in the closer vicinity. B. pseudomallei effectively evades the host's surveillance armory to remain latent for prolonged duration also causing relapses despite antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, eradication of intracellular B. pseudomallei is highly dependent on robust cellular immune responses. However, it remains ambiguous why certain individuals in endemic areas experience asymptomatic seroconversion, whereas others succumb to sepsis-associated sequelae. Here, we propose key insights on how the host's surveillance radars get commandeered by B. pseudomallei.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkholderia pseudomallei/pathogenicity
Selection of Culex pipiens fatigans for vector ability to the rural strain of Wuchereria bancrofti--a preliminary report

Thomas V, Ramachandran CP

Med J Malaya, 1970 Mar;24(3):196-9.
PMID: 4246801
Matched MeSH terms: Wuchereria/pathogenicity*
Special issue on Free Living Amoebae (FLA): Recent advances presented at the XVIIth International Meeting on the Biology and Pathogenicity of Free-Living Amoebae (FLAM, 2017), Zarzis, Tunisia

Lorenzo-Morales J, Sifaoui I, Reyes-Batlle M, Lares-Villa F, Lares-Jiménez LF, Omaña-Molina M, et al.

Exp Parasitol, 2019 May;200:36.
PMID: 30902622 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.03.010
Matched MeSH terms: Amoeba/pathogenicity*
Effect of Mycoplasma gallinarum on embryonated village chicken eggs

Shah-Majid M

Res Vet Sci, 1994 Nov;57(3):390-2.
PMID: 7871263

The effect of Mycoplasma gallinarum isolated from village chickens on embryonated village chicken eggs was investigated. Seven-, 10-, 12- and 18-day-old embryos were inoculated with medium containing 10(6) colony forming units of M gallinarum or with uninfected medium and incubated at 37 degrees C until they hatched. There was no significant difference between the infected embryos which failed to hatch and those which hatched or between them and the group inoculated with medium only. A much higher percentage of the eggs inoculated as 18-day-old embryos hatched than of those inoculated at seven, 10 and 12 days old. The hatchability of the uninoculated village chicken eggs used in the four trials ranged from 60 to 100 per cent. Mycoplasmas were isolated from the oesophagus, trachea and yolk of the infected chicks and from the dead-in-shell embryos.

Matched MeSH terms: Mycoplasma/pathogenicity*
Fulltext Retrospective Study of Leptospirosis in Malaysia

Garba B, Bahaman AR, Khairani-Bejo S, Zakaria Z, Mutalib AR

Ecohealth, 2017 Jun;14(2):389-398.
PMID: 28405850 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1234-0

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease transmitted to humans and animals by direct or indirect contact with urine or body fluids from infected animals especially rodents. Infection can be associated with wide clinical spectrum varying from asymptomatic to severe multi-organ syndrome with life-threatening consequences. We conducted a review of published studies on incidences, case reports, sero-epidemiological surveys from year 2000 to 2015 using different electronic data bases. Our study revealed that majority of the studies were conducted in Peninsular Malaysia and predominantly among high-risk human groups. Most of the studies on domestic animals were conducted in the 1980s; hence, the current status of leptospirosis among domestic animal population remains largely unknown. There tend to be a sharp rise in incidence rate among human population in the year 2014 which was attributed to flooding and heavy rainfall experienced as well as recreational activities. Several gaps in epidemiological knowledge were also disclosed.

Matched MeSH terms: Leptospira/pathogenicity
Pathogenic Leptospira in Malaysian surface waters. I. A method of survey for Leptospira in natural waters and soils

Baker MF, Baker HJ

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1970 May;19(3):485-92.
PMID: 5446317
Matched MeSH terms: Leptospira/pathogenicity*
Guillain-Barré syndrome

Leonhard SE, Papri N, Querol L, Rinaldi S, Shahrizaila N, Jacobs BC

Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2024 Dec 19;10(1):97.
PMID: 39702645 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00580-4

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. Patients typically develop rapidly progressive weakness and sensory deficits that can result in complete paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation. GBS is usually a monophasic disease in which an aberrant immune response to an infection or other trigger damages the peripheral nerves. For example, in patients with preceding Campylobacter jejuni infection, molecular mimicry causes a cross-reactive antibody response to nerve gangliosides. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, supported by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction studies. Effective treatments include plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins. However, ~20% of patients who received treatment are unable to walk after 6 months and ~5% die as a consequence of GBS. Important knowledge gaps in GBS include its pathogenesis, especially after viral infections. In addition, there is a lack of specific biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, monitor the disease activity, and predict the clinical course and outcome of GBS. Major challenges for the future include finding more effective and personalized treatments, which are affordable in low-income and middle-income countries, and preparation for outbreaks of infections as potential triggers for GBS.

Matched MeSH terms: Campylobacter jejuni/pathogenicity
Isolation and identification of bacterial populations of zoonotic importance from captive non-venomous snakes in Malaysia

Abba Y, Ilyasu YM, Noordin MM

Microb Pathog, 2017 Jul;108:49-54.
PMID: 28478198 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.038

AIM: Captivity of non-venomous snakes such as python and boa are common in zoos, aquariums and as pets in households. Poor captivity conditions expose these reptiles to numerous pathogens which may result in disease conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the common bacteria isolated from necropsied captive snakes in Malaysia over a five year period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 27 snake carcasses presented for necropsy at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) were used in this survey. Samples were aseptically obtained at necropsy from different organs/tissues (lung, liver, heart, kindey, oesophagus, lymph node, stomach, spinal cord, spleen, intestine) and cultured onto 5% blood and McConkey agar, respectively. Gram staining, morphological evaluation and biochemical test such as oxidase, catalase and coagulase were used to tentatively identify the presumptive bacterial isolates.
RESULTS: Pythons had the highest number of cases (81.3%) followed by anaconda (14.8%) and boa (3.7%). Mixed infection accounted for 81.5% in all snakes and was highest in pythons (63%). However, single infection was only observed in pythons (18.5%). A total of 82.7%, 95.4% and 100% of the bacterial isolates from python, anaconda and boa, respectively were gram negative. Aeromonas spp was the most frequently isolated bacteria in pythons and anaconda with incidences of 25 (18%) and 8 (36.6%) with no difference (p > 0.05) in incidence, respectively, while Salmonella spp was the most frequently isolated in boa and significantly higher (p

Matched MeSH terms: Aeromonas/pathogenicity; Bacteria/pathogenicity; Salmonella/pathogenicity
Simian malarias in man: facts, implications, and predictions

Coatney GR

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1968 Mar;17(2):147-55.
PMID: 4869108
Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity; Plasmodium malariae/pathogenicity; Plasmodium vivax/pathogenicity
Onychomycosis in Malaysia

Ng KP, Saw TL, Madasamy M, Soo Hoo T

Mycopathologia, 1999;147(1):29-32.
PMID: 10872513

The common etiological agents of onychomycosis are dermatophytes, molds and yeasts. A mycological nail investigation of onychomycosis using direct microscopy and culture was conducted by the Mycology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya from March 1996 to November 1998. The study involved 878 nail clippings or subungal scrapings from subjects with onychomycosis. On direct microscopy examination, 50% of the specimens were negative for fungal elements. On culture, 373 specimens had no growth; bacteria were isolated from 15 nail specimens. Among the 490 specimens with positive fungal cultures, 177 (36.1%) were dermatophytes, 173 (35.5%) were molds and 130 (26.5%) were Candida. There were 2% (10/490) mixed infections of molds, yeasts and dermatophytes. Trichophyton rubrum (115/177) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (59/177) were the main dermatophytes isolated. The molds isolated were predominantly Aspergillus niger (61/173), Aspergillus nidulans (30/173), Hendersonula toruloidea (26/173) and Fusarium species (16/173). 96.9% of the Candida species identified were Candida albicans.

Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus nidulans/pathogenicity; Aspergillus niger/pathogenicity; Candida/pathogenicity; Fungi/pathogenicity; Fusarium/pathogenicity; Trichophyton/pathogenicity
Fulltext Zika virus and its potential re-emergence in Malaysia

Sam JI, Chan YF, Vythilingam I, Wan Sulaiman WY

Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):66-8.
PMID: 27326944 MyJurnal

Zika virus (ZIKV) has re-emerged to cause explosive epidemics in the Pacific and Latin America, and appears to be associated with severe neurological complications including microcephaly in babies. ZIKV is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, principally Ae. aegypti, and there is historical evidence of ZIKV circulation in Southeast Asia. It is therefore clear that Malaysia is at risk of similar outbreaks. Local and international guidelines are available for surveillance, diagnostics, and management of exposed and infected individuals. ZIKV is the latest arbovirus to have spread globally beyond its initial restricted niche, and is unlikely to be the last. Innovative new methods for surveillance and control of vectors are needed to target mosquito-borne diseases as a whole.

Matched MeSH terms: Zika Virus/pathogenicity*
Fulltext Parasites: from source to vector and human

Nissapatorn V, Sawangjaroen N, Lee R, Chandra Parija S

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:780715.
PMID: 25587540 DOI: 10.1155/2014/780715
Matched MeSH terms: Parasites/pathogenicity
Molecular progress on the mapping and cloning of functional genes for blast disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.): current status and future considerations

Ashkani S, Rafii MY, Shabanimofrad M, Ghasemzadeh A, Ravanfar SA, Latif MA

Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2016;36(2):353-67.
PMID: 25394538 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.961403

Rice blast disease, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a recurring problem in all rice-growing regions of the world. The use of resistance (R) genes in rice improvement breeding programmes has been considered to be one of the best options for crop protection and blast management. Alternatively, quantitative resistance conferred by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is also a valuable resource for the improvement of rice disease resistance. In the past, intensive efforts have been made to identify major R-genes as well as QTLs for blast disease using molecular techniques. A review of bibliographic references shows over 100 blast resistance genes and a larger number of QTLs (∼500) that were mapped to the rice genome. Of the blast resistance genes, identified in different genotypes of rice, ∼22 have been cloned and characterized at the molecular level. In this review, we have summarized the reported rice blast resistance genes and QTLs for utilization in future molecular breeding programmes to introgress high-degree resistance or to pyramid R-genes in commercial cultivars that are susceptible to M. oryzae. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the significant studies in order to update our understanding of the molecular progress on rice and M. oryzae. This information will assist rice breeders to improve the resistance to rice blast using marker-assisted selection which continues to be a priority for rice-breeding programmes.

Matched MeSH terms: Magnaporthe/pathogenicity*
Biosensing enhancement of dengue virus using microballoon mixers on centrifugal microfluidic platforms

Aeinehvand MM, Ibrahim F, Harun SW, Djordjevic I, Hosseini S, Rothan HA, et al.

Biosens Bioelectron, 2015 May 15;67:424-30.
PMID: 25220800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.076

Dengue is the current leading cause of death among children in several Latin American and Asian countries. Due to poverty in areas where the disease is prevalent and the high cost of conventional diagnostic systems, low cost devices are needed to reduce the burden caused by dengue infection. Centrifugal microfluidic platforms are an alternative solution to reduce costs and increase the availability of a rapid diagnostic system. The rate of chemical reactions in such devices often depends on the efficiency of the mixing techniques employed in their microfluidic networks. This paper introduces a micromixer that operates by the expansion and contraction of a microballoon to produce a consistent periodical 3D reciprocating flow. We established that microballoons reduced mixing time of 12 μl liquids from 170 min, for diffusional mixing, to less than 23 s. We have also tested the effect of the microballoon mixers on the detection of the dengue virus. The results indicate that employing a microballoon mixer enhances the detection sensitivity of the dengue virus by nearly one order of magnitude compared to the conventional ELISA method.

Matched MeSH terms: Dengue Virus/pathogenicity
Fulltext Multi-step pathogenesis and induction of local immune response by systemic Candida albicans infection in an intravenous challenge mouse model

Chin VK, Foong KJ, Maha A, Rusliza B, Norhafizah M, Chong PP

Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(8):14848-67.
PMID: 25153636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814848

Different murine species differ in their susceptibility to systemic infection with Candida albicans, giving rise to varied host immune responses, and this is compounded by variations in virulence of the different yeast strains used. Hence, this study was aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of a clinical C. albicans isolate (HVS6360) in a murine intravenous challenge model by examining the different parameters which included the counts of red blood cells and associated components as well as the organ-specific expression profiles of cytokines and chemokines. Kidneys and brains of infected mice have higher fungal recovery rates as compared to other organs and there were extensive yeast infiltration with moderate to severe inflammation seen in kidney and brain tissues. Red blood cells (RBCs) and haemoglobin (Hb) counts were reduced throughout the infection period. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), chemokines and cytokine transcription profiles were varied among the different organs (kidney, spleen and brain) over 72 h post infections. Transcription of most of the PRRs, cytokines and chemokines were suppressed at 72 h post infection in spleen while continuous expression of PRRs, cytokines and chemokines genes were seen in brain and kidney. Reduction in red blood cells and haemoglobin counts might be associated with the action of extracellular haemolysin enzyme and haeme oxygenase of C. albicans in conjunction with iron scavenging for the fungal growth. Renal cells responsible for erythropoietin production may be injured by the infection and hence the combined effect of haemolysis plus lack of erythropoietin-induced RBC replenishment leads to aggravated reduction in RBC numbers. The varied local host immune profiles among target organs during systemic C. albicans infection could be of importance for future work in designing targeted immunotherapy through immunomodulatory approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Candida albicans/pathogenicity*
Fulltext Gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management

Azad MA, Amin L, Sidik NM

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:768038.
PMID: 24757435 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768038

Papaya (Carica papaya) is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This review focuses on the development of PRSV resistant transgenic papaya through gene technology. The genetic diversity of PRSV depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of PRSV disease management on a sequence of PRSV isolates. The concept of pathogen-derived resistance has been employed for the development of transgenic papaya, using a coat protein-mediated, RNA-silencing mechanism and replicase gene-mediated transformation for effective PRSV disease management. The development of PRSV-resistant papaya via post-transcriptional gene silencing is a promising technology for PRSV disease management. PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya is environmentally safe and has no harmful effects on human health. Recent studies have revealed that the success of adoption of transgenic papaya depends upon the application, it being a commercially viable product, bio-safety regulatory issues, trade regulations, and the wider social acceptance of the technology. This review discusses the genome and the genetic diversity of PRSV, host range determinants, molecular diagnosis, disease management strategies, the development of transgenic papaya, environmental issues, issues in the adoption of transgenic papaya, and future directions for research.

Matched MeSH terms: Potyvirus/pathogenicity*
Fulltext Efficacy of combined formulations of fungicides with different modes of action in controlling botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea

Rashid MH, Hossain MA, Kashem MA, Kumar S, Rafii MY, Latif MA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:639246.
PMID: 24723819 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639246

Botrytis gray mold (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr. is an extremely devastating disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and has a regional as well as an international perspective. Unfortunately, nonchemical methods for its control are weak and ineffective. In order to identify an effective control measure, six fungicides with different modes of action were evaluated on a BGM susceptible chickpea variety BARIchhola-1 at a high BGM incidence location (Madaripur) in Bangladesh for three years (2008, 2009, and 2010). Among the six fungicides tested, one was protectant [Vondozeb 42SC, a.i. mancozeb (0.2%)], two systemic [Bavistin 50 WP, a.i. carbendazim (0.2%), and Protaf 250EC, propiconazole (0.05%)], and three combination formulations [Acrobat MZ690, dimethomorph 9% + mancozeb 60%, (0.2%); Secure 600 WG, phenomadone + mancozeb (0.2%); and Companion, mancozeb 63% + carbendazim 12% (0.2%)]. The results showed superiority of combination formulations involving both protectant and systemic fungicides over the sole application of either fungicide separately. Among the combination fungicides, Companion was most effective, resulting in the lowest disease severity (3.33 score on 1-9 scale) and the highest increase (38%) of grain yield in chickpea. Therefore, this product could be preferred over the sole application of either solo protectant or systemic fungicides to reduce yield losses and avoid fungicide resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Botrytis/pathogenicity*
Morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of fungi associated with Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) diseases in Penang, Malaysia

Eslaminejad T, Zakaria M

Microb Pathog, 2011 Nov;51(5):325-37.
PMID: 21839160 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.07.007

Roselle, or Jamaica sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a popular vegetable in many tropical regions, cultivated for its leaves, seeds, stems and calyces which, the dried calyces are used to prepare tea, syrup, jams and jellies and as beverages. The main objectives of this study were to identify and characterise fungal pathogens associated with Roselle diseases based on their morphological and cultural characteristics and to determine the pathogenicity of four fungi infecting Roselle seedlings, namely Phoma exigua, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium tgcq and Rhizoctonia solani in Penang. A total of 200 fungal isolates were obtained from 90 samples of symptomatic Roselle tissues. The isolates were identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as their pathogenicity. The fungal pathogen most frequently isolated was P. exigua (present in 45% of the samples), followed by F. nygamai (25%), Rhizoctonia solani (19%) and F. camptoceras (11%). Pathogenicity tests showed that P. exigua, F. nygamai, F. camptoceras and R. solani were able to infect both wounded and unwounded seedlings with different degrees of severity as indicated by the Disease severity (DS). R. solani was the most pathogenic fungus affecting both wounded and unwounded Roselle seedlings, followed by P. exigua that was highly pathogenic on wounded seedlings. F. nygamai was less pathogenic while the least pathogenic fungus was F. camptoceras, infecting only the unwounded seedlings but, surprisingly, not the wounded plants.

Matched MeSH terms: Fungi/pathogenicity*
Fulltext Spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to phaeyohyphomycosis and splenic abscesses

Sithasanan N, Chong LA, Ariffin H

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):247-8.
PMID: 18246918 MyJurnal

Phaeohyphomycosis consists of a group of mycotic infections characterized by the presence of dematiaceous (dark walled) septate hyphae. Splenic abscess and spontaneous rupture is an infrequent complication in children with haematological malignancies and can be life threatening. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a case of splenic rupture following the development of multiple abscesses secondary to infestation by this rare fungal species.

Matched MeSH terms: Fungi/pathogenicity*

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