Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 178 in total

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  1. Fulltext Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding antibiotic usage in treating children's upper respiratory tract infection at primary health clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Pilot Study
    Koh CT, Ghazi HF, Ahmad MI, Abdul Samad N, Lai KEY, Ismail NF, et al.
    Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol, 2016 May 5;3:2333392816643720.
    PMID: 28462275 DOI: 10.1177/2333392816643720
    OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding antibiotic usage for treating upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) among children.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 randomly selected parents attending a primary health clinic using self-administered questionnaires.
    RESULTS: About two-thirds (69.1%) of the parents had poor knowledge level. Only 25.2% and 21.6% of the parents could correctly identify amoxicillin and penicillin as the treatment of children's URTI. However, about two-thirds (67.5%) of the parents were aware of the antibiotic resistance caused by overuse of antibiotics. A significant association was noted between the father's and mother's educational level and family income with the knowledge level. Only mother's educational level depicted a significant association with the attitude.
    CONCLUSION: The knowledge of parents regarding antibiotic usage for URTI was poor. More numbers of health promotions and educational campaigns are required to help parents understand about antibiotic usage.
    Study site: Primary care clinic, Bandar Tasik Selatan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections*
  2. [Nasal ascarids in Malaysia. 1. Ereynetoides malayi n.g.n. sp., parasite of Nectariniidae (Ereynetidae: Trombidiformes)]
    FAIN A, NADCHATRAM M
    Z Parasitenkd, 1962;22:68-82.
    PMID: 13891331
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections*
  3. Fulltext Epidemiology characteristics of human coronaviruses in patients with respiratory infection symptoms and phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-OC43 during 2010-2015 in Guangzhou
    Zhang SF, Tuo JL, Huang XB, Zhu X, Zhang DM, Zhou K, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(1):e0191789.
    PMID: 29377913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191789
    Human coronavirus (HCoV) is one of the most common causes of respiratory tract infection throughout the world. To investigate the epidemiological and genetic variation of HCoV in Guangzhou, south China, we collected totally 13048 throat and nasal swab specimens from adults and children with fever and acute upper respiratory infection symptoms in Gunazhou, south China between July 2010 and June 2015, and the epidemiological features of HCoV and its species were studied. Specimens were screened for HCoV by real-time RT-PCR, and 7 other common respiratory viruses were tested simultaneously by PCR or real-time PCR. HCoV was detected in 294 cases (2.25%) of the 13048 samples, with most of them inpatients (251 cases, 85.4% of HCoV positive cases) and young children not in nursery (53.06%, 156 out of 294 HCoV positive cases). Four HCoVs, as OC43, 229E, NL63 and HKU1 were detected prevalent during 2010-2015 in Guangzhou, and among the HCoV positive cases, 60.20% were OC43, 16.67% were 229E, 14.97% were NL63 and 7.82% were HKU1. The month distribution showed that totally HCoV was prevalent in winter, but differences existed in different species. The 5 year distribution of HCoV showed a peak-valley distribution trend, with the detection rate higher in 2011 and 2013 whereas lower in 2010, 2012 and 2014. The age distribution revealed that children (especially those <3 years old) and old people (>50 years) were both high risk groups to be infected by HCoV. Of the 294 HCoV positive patients, 34.69% (101 cases) were co-infected by other common respiratory viruses, and influenza virus was the most common co-infecting virus (30/101, 29.70%). Fifteen HCoV-OC43 positive samples of 2013-2014 were selected for S gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and the results showed that the 15 strains could be divided into 2 clusters in the phylogenetic tree, 12 strains of which formed a separate cluster that was closer to genotype G found in Malaysia. It was revealed for the first time that genotype B and genotype G of HCoV-OC43 co-circulated and the newly defined genotype G was epidemic as a dominant genotype during 2013-2014 in Guanzhou, south China.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Contribution of Viral Respiratory Infections to Dengue-Like Illness Presentation at a Community Clinic in Southern Malaysia
    Dhanoa A, Ngim CF, Yunos NM, Husain SMT, Pong LY, Ismail WFW, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2021 Sep 27;106(1):187-191.
    PMID: 34583338 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0648
    This study explored the contribution of viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in dengue-like illness (DLI) patients and their distinguishing clinicolaboratory parameters. Two hundred DLI patients were prospectively recruited (July 1- October 1, 2019) from a community clinic in Southern Malaysia. Patients ≥ 18 years with acute fever and fulfilling the WHO criteria of probable dengue were recruited. They underwent blood testing: blood counts, rapid dengue tests (nonstructural antigen-1/IgM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and Leptospira. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected for FilmArray®RP2plus testing. From the 200 NPSs, 58 respiratory viruses (RVs) were detected in 54 patients. Of the 96 dengue-confirmed cases, 86 had dengue mono-infection, and 10 were coinfected with RVs. Of the 104 nondengue, 44 were RV positive and 4 Leptospira positive. Zika and chikungunya virus were not detected. Overall, the etiological diagnosis was confirmed for 72% of patients. Clinicolaboratory parameters were compared between dengue mono-infection and VRI mono-infection. Patients with coinfections were excluded. Multiple logistic regression showed that recent household/neighborhood history of dengue (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.9, 95% CI = 1.7-20.7), leukopenia (aOR: 12.5, 95% CI = 2.6-61.4) and thrombocytopenia (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI = 1.3-23.0) predicted dengue. Inversely, rhinorrhoea (aOR: 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01-0.3) and cough (aOR: 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.9) favored VRI. Thus, VRIs comprise many infections diagnosed initially as DLIs. Early clinicolaboratory parameters can guide physicians screen patients for further testing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/complications*
  5. Surveillance, isolation and genomic characterization of Pteropine orthoreovirus of probable bat origin among patients with acute respiratory infection in Malaysia
    Tee KK, Chan PQ, Loh AM, Singh S, Teo CH, Iyadorai T, et al.
    J Med Virol, 2023 Feb;95(2):e28520.
    PMID: 36691929 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28520
    Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV), an emerging bat-borne virus, has been linked to cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in humans. The prevalence, epidemiology and genomic diversity of PRV among ARI of unknown origin were studied. Among 632 urban outpatients tested negative for all known respiratory viruses, 2.2% were PRV-positive. Patients mainly presented with moderate to severe forms of cough, sore throat and muscle ache, but rarely with fever. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that over 90% of patients infected with the Melaka virus (MelV)-like PRV, while one patient infected with the Pulau virus previously found only in fruit bats. Human oral keratinocytes and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells were susceptible to clinical isolates of PRV, including the newly isolated MelV-like 12MYKLU1034. Whole genome sequence of 12MYKLU1034 using Nanopore technique revealed a novel reassortant strain. Evolutionary analysis of the global PRV strains suggests the continuous evolution of PRV through genetic reassortment among PRV strains circulating in human, bats and non-human primate hosts, creating a spectrum of reassortant lineages with complex evolutionary characteristics. In summary, the role of PRV as a common etiologic agent of ARI is evident. Continuous monitoring of PRV prevalence, pathogenicity and diversity among human and animal hosts is important to trace the emergence of novel reassortants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections*
  6. Fulltext Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A rare masquerade of asthma
    Boo WH, Rajan P, Ching SM, Lee PY
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(2):45-8.
    PMID: 27099660 MyJurnal
    Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) is a rare condition. The varied presentation of this condition predisposes to misdiagnosis and potential life-threatening airway obstruction. In this paper, we have reported a case of JRRP presenting as severe respiratory distress and consequently mistreated as asthmatic attack culminating in a near fatal acute airway obstruction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections
  7. Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium massiliense Strain M159, Showing Phenotypic Resistance to β-Lactam and Tetracycline Antibiotics
    Ngeow YF, Leong ML, Wong YL, Wong GJ, Tan JL, Wee WY, et al.
    Genome Announc, 2013;1(4).
    PMID: 23990576 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00669-13
    Mycobacterium massiliense is a nontuberculous mycobacterium associated with human infections. We report here the draft genome sequence of M. massiliense strain M159, isolated from the bronchial aspirate of a patient who had a pulmonary infection. This strain showed genotypic and in vitro resistance to a number of tetracyclines and beta-lactam antibiotics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections
  8. Fulltext Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infection in a child--a case report
    Lum L, Ngeow YF
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):309-10.
    PMID: 1303485
    A case of respiratory infection in a child due to Chlamydia pneumoniae is reported. The diagnosis was made by the detection of chlamydial antigen in the tracheal secretion and a significant increase in C. pneumoniae antibody titre. The infection responded well to erythromycin therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis*; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy; Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology
  9. Fulltext Pteropine orthoreovirus: An important emerging virus causing infectious disease in the tropics?
    Tan YF, Teng CL, Chua KB, Voon K
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2017 Mar 31;11(3):215-219.
    PMID: 28368854 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.9112
    INTRODUCTION: Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is an emerging zoonotic respiratory virus that has spilled over from bats to humans. Though initially found only in bats, further case studies have found viable virus in ill patients.

    METHODOLOGY: PubMed was queried with the keywords of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus OR Pteropine orthoreovirus OR Melaka orthoreovirus OR Kampar orthoreovirus, and returned 17 hits.

    RESULTS: Based on prevalence studies, the presence of PRV has been reported in Malaysia and Vietnam, both developing countries. Other case reports also provide further evidence of the presence of PRV in the Southeast Asian region. Despite the absence of PRV in their home countries, travellers from Hong Kong and Japan to Indonesia have returned to their countries ill with this virus, indicating that local communities in Indonesia might be affected by this virus.

    CONCLUSIONS: This work aims to bring to light this emerging zoonotic respiratory virus circulating among developing countries in Southeast Asia. To improve the understanding of PRV of the medical and scientific community in the Southeast Asian region, this work introduces the general features of PRV, reports of imported PRV, prevalence, and clinical features of PRV. Gaps in knowledge about PRV have also been identified in this work, and we hope that future studies can be undertaken to improve our understanding of this virus.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*; Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology*
  10. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infections in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Teck KS, Mac Guad R, Van Rostenberghe AH, Hua GS
    J Med Virol, 2019 09;91(9):1608-1615.
    PMID: 31074499 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25500
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen affecting the respiratory tract in infants. To date, there is limited data on RSV occurrence in Malaysia especially in the northeast of Peninsular Malaysia which is significantly affected by the rainy (monsoon) season. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors (the presence of a male sibling and older school-age siblings, parental education level, monthly income, chronic lung disease, immunocompromised, being a passive smoker, multipara, breastfeeding, prematurity, congenital heart disease, nursery attendance, and rainy season) as well as clinical manifestations of RSV in hospitalized infants and children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Patients' nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for RSV antigen, questionnaires, and seasonal variations were used to assess RSV infection. Approximately 22.6% of children were infected with RSV; mean age 7.68 ± 5.45 months. The peak incidence of RSV as a causative agent for LRTI in infants was less than or equal to 1-year old (83%) with approximately 50.5% of the affected children in the younger age group (6 months amd below). RSV infection was significantly but independently associated with the rainy season (odds ratio, 3.307; 95% confidence interval, 1.443-3.688; P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology*
  11. Fulltext Burden of motorcycle-related injury in Malaysia
    Rahman NH, Baharuddin KA, Mohamad SM
    Int J Emerg Med, 2015;8:17.
    PMID: 26085844 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-015-0065-4
    Road traffic injury (RTI) contributes to major morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Most of the injuries are caused by road-related injuries that specifically relate to motorcycle crash. We attempted to conduct a short survey to determine the magnitude of burden related to motorcycle-related RTIs in Malaysia. We hypothesize that motorcycle-related RTI in Malaysia contributes significantly to the health burden in the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections
  12. Fulltext Mediastinal lipoblastoma: unexpected finding of a chest infection
    Hanafiah M, Noryati M, Arni T
    BMJ Case Rep, 2013;2013.
    PMID: 23737588 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009879
    A 2-year-old boy was presented with symptoms of chest infection. The chest radiograph showed a large mediastinal mass, which led to further investigations including biopsy of the tumour. Histopathological analysis revealed a diagnosis of lipoblastoma. We highlight the imaging appearance of the lesion. Although histopathological analysis is required for the confirmation of the diagnosis, cross-sectional imaging is useful in evaluating the extent of the tumour for surgical planning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/complications; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis*
  13. Fulltext Molecular identification of adenovirus causing respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients at the University of Malaya Medical Center
    Abd-Jamil J, Teoh BT, Hassan EH, Roslan N, Abubakar S
    BMC Pediatr, 2010;10:46.
    PMID: 20594359 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-46
    There are at least 51 adenovirus serotypes (AdV) known to cause human infections. The prevalence of the different human AdV (HAdV) serotypes varies among different regions. Presently, there are no reports of the prevalent HAdV types found in Malaysia. The present study was undertaken to identify the HAdV types associated primarily with respiratory tract infections (RTI) of young children in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology*
  14. Fulltext Absence of Melaka-virus in European children with respiratory disease
    Schildgen V, Rüngeler E, Tillmann R, Schildgen O
    J Clin Virol, 2008 Jul;42(3):295-6.
    PMID: 18359270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.003
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology*
  15. The relationship between socioeconomic deprivation, atypical respiratory infections and survival outcome in elderly stroke and medical patients
    Ngeh J, Hackshaw A, Gupta S
    Cerebrovasc Dis, 2007;24(6):546-7.
    PMID: 18042982
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/complications*; Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality*
  16. Fulltext Respiratory diphtheria in three paediatric patients
    Lee JK, Huda S, Francis A, Aisai, Jusoh M
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Sep;54(3):377-82.
    PMID: 11045069
    From August till November 1998, the Paediatric and Anaesthetic Units of Hospital Kuala Terengganu managed three patients from Kuala Terengganu District who were ventilated for respiratory diphtheria. Their ages were 5, 4 and 7 years old and their immunisation for diphtheria were not complete. All three patients presented with respiratory distress and were ventilated for upper airway obstruction. Their treatment included intravenous penicillin and diphtheria antitoxin. One patient died of cardiogenic shock with secondary pneumonia. Pharyngeal and tonsillar swabs of all three patients grew toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis. There were 765 throat cultures taken from contacts. The confirmed positive cultures grew 2 toxigenic and 3 non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis and surprisingly, 10 non-toxigenic biotype gravis. A prevalence study is needed to document the endemicity of diphtheria in Kuala Terengganu and to determine the carrier rate of both biotypes. Steps have been taken to increase the immunisation coverage in children. The giving of regular booster doses of diphtheria toxoid to the adult population should be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/complications*; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology
  17. A study of chest infections in HIV seropositive patients in Kuala Lumpur
    Wood E, Cheong I, Lee C
    Int J Clin Pract, 1998 Jan-Feb;52(1):23-6.
    PMID: 9536563
    A retrospective study of 144 adults with HIV infection was conducted to investigate the prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTIs and LRTIs). The patients were divided into two groups: those with acquired HIV through intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), and those who had acquired HIV through 'other' risk behaviours. LRTIs were more prevalent than URTIs overall, and LRTIs were significantly more common (p < 0.001) in IVDAs than in the other-risk group. Tuberculosis (40%) and bacterial pneumonias (33%) comprised the majority of LRTIs among IVDAs, while Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (40%) was the commonest LRTI in the other-risk group. Analysis of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts indicated that HIV-seropositive IVDAs are at greater risk of developing chest infections at higher CD4 counts than other-risk patients. The IVDAs were also found to have a much higher rate of co-infection with hepatitis C and B, which may be a factor accelerating the progression from HIV infection to AIDS. The mean time averaged for the two groups from known seroconversion to development of respiratory tract infection is only 1.37 years, which suggests HIV-infected patients are presenting late for treatment in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/complications*; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*
  18. Acute respiratory tract infection: a community-based intervention study in Malaysia
    Lye MS, Nair RC, Choo KE, Kaur H, Lai KP
    J Trop Pediatr, 1996 06;42(3):138-43.
    PMID: 8699578 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/42.3.138
    A community-based intervention trial was conducted in Kelantan, Malaysia with the aim of reducing severe acute respiratory tract (ARI) infection in children. Interventions included health education of mothers on childhood pneumonia and training of health staff on case management. In a house-to-house survey 1382 and 1107 children less than 5 years of age in the intervention and control areas, respectively, were followed up every 2 weeks over a 62-week period. The reduction in the incidence of severe ARI cases in the intervention area was significantly greater than in the control area (P < 0.05). The ARI mortality rates were low in both the intervention and control areas ( < 0.1%). Our results indicate that with relatively inexpensive methods and simple interventions, reduction of severe ARI may be effectively achieved. This has important implications for an ARI control programme in Malaysia and other developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control*
  19. Knowledge, attitude and practice factors in childhood acute respiratory infections in a peninsular Malaysia health district
    Vasanthamala A, Arokiasamy JT
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1989;3(3):219-23.
    PMID: 2620023 DOI: 10.1177/101053958900300308
    This study compares the knowledge, attitudes and practice of mothers in two ethnic groups with regard to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in their child. Most had traditional beliefs as to the cause of ARI with only a minority knowing the causes. Most mothers were aware of the effect of frequent attacks of ARI on the health status of their child and of the importance of early treatment. Reasons for their becoming worried during an episode of ARI in their child indicated that problems of distance, transportation and arrangements for care of their other children predominate. A large proportion of the respondents felt that their present knowledge of ARI was inadequate and were thus interested in obtaining more information.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology*; Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy
  20. Serotyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum isolated in Malaysia
    Zain ZB, Iritani Y
    J Vet Med Sci, 1992 Apr;54(2):363-5.
    PMID: 1606267
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology; Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary*
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