Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 40 in total

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  1. Shufang Fan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2179-2186.
    In this paper, with debris flow in Zhouqu as the research object, combined with experiments such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), mineral chemical composition and water quality analysis, relation between water and salt in solid source forming debris flow was studied via soil column leaching test and soluble salt analysis, and internal characteristics of debris flow was accordingly showed. It was found that, the soil was loose, and the content of gravel and sand was high, and the content of fine particle was low. The soluble contents at the slope of the accumulation body were described as, collapsed accumulation body > landslide accumulation body, slope toe > slope top, gentle slope > steep slope, also related to length of the slope. The results indicated that accumulations released a large number of base ion after intense weathering, which migrated with water, concentrated and enriched at the slope toe. Saline soil with high salt content collapsed when encountering water and then formed mudflow, thus becoming the internal power to trigger and initiate debris flow to some extent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  2. Foo GL, Wee L
    Malays Orthop J, 2019 Nov;13(3):69-71.
    PMID: 31890114 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1911.012
    Distal phalanx fractures of the toes are common injuries. The majority of them are treated conservatively with good outcome. We present the case of a painful non-union fracture of the distal phalanx of the 4th toe in a 60-year-old female patient with symphalangism of the 4th and 5th toes. She underwent surgical fixation of the fracture with concomitant inter-phalangeal joint (IPJ) arthrodesis for better stability. A transverse dorsal incision was made just distal to the IPJ to allow preparation of both the fracture site and IPJ. Fibrous tissue at the fracture non-union site was removed and the opposing surfaces drilled with a 0.88mm K-wire. Cartilaginous tissue at the IPJ was removed and similarly drilled with the 0.88mm K-wire. Stabilisation was achieved with a percutaneous headless compression screw. Radiographic union was achieved and the patient had resolution of symptoms 16 weeks after the surgery. The patient continued to be symptom-free at one year follow-up. This is the first case report of a surgically treated symptomatic non-union of distal phalanx fracture of a lesser toe in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  3. Sapuan J, Paul AG, Abdullah S
    J Foot Ankle Surg, 2008;47(5):483-6.
    PMID: 18725132 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2008.05.008
    Glomus tumors are rare benign tumors commonly occurring in the digits of the hand. Surprisingly, considering the fingertips are of a similar make-up to the toes, there have been few reports of glomus tumor in the toes. The present case highlights a glomus tumor observed in the right second toe of a 56-year-old Indian female who presented with the classical triad of spontaneous pain, cold hypersensitivity, and pressure tenderness. There was a delay in diagnosis for approximately 18 years by various general practitioners who were not aware of the rare presentation of the glomus tumor. The tumor, which measured 5 x 3 mm, was excised from the nail bed of the toe. Histopathological inspection confirmed the diagnosis of glomus tumor. We believe that reporting this rare case may make clinicians more aware of this unusual diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/surgery*
  4. Arshad AR, Goh CS
    Br J Plast Surg, 1994 Mar;47(2):139-41.
    PMID: 8149059
    Two cases of hypoglossia congenita with anterior maxillo-mandibular fusion are reported. One is a case of hypoglossia with anterior maxillo-mandibular fusion and the other is a case of hypoglossia-hypodactylia with anterior maxillo-mandibular fusion. This condition presents the anaesthetist with the problem of airway management during the surgery. A simple technique using a nasopharyngeal tube was used for these two cases, with satisfactory results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/abnormalities
  5. Jaafar R, Pettit JH
    Int J Dermatol, 1992 Nov;31(11):783-5.
    PMID: 1428429
    Skin scrapings taken from toe spaces of 200 healthy volunteers and from toe webs and groins of 150 pediatric patients were cultured for Candida albicans using the serum germ-tube test. The results showed that Candida albicans can be isolated in about 15% of normal toe spaces and 14% of children with normal groins. Although Candida albicans can be found in various grades of athlete's foot and also in some abnormal groins, we believe that it is not necessarily responsible for these conditions and is often present at these sites only as a saprophyte.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/microbiology*
  6. Khan SS, Khan SJ, Usman J
    Gait Posture, 2017 03;53:185-192.
    PMID: 28189095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.01.022
    Toe-out/-in gait has been prescribed in reducing knee joint load to medial knee osteoarthritis patients. This study focused on the effects of toe-out/-in at different walking speeds on first peak knee adduction moment (fKAM), second peak KAM (sKAM), knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), net mechanical work by lower limb as well as joint-level contribution to the total limb work during level walking. Gait analysis of 20 healthy young adults was done walking at pre-defined normal (1.18m/s), slow (0.85m/s) and fast (1.43m/s) walking speeds with straight-toe (natural), toe-out (15°>natural) and toe-in (15°
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/physiology*
  7. Loh KY
    Aust Fam Physician, 2007 Jul;36(7):554.
    PMID: 17619674
    A 25 year old college student with a past history of congenital heart disease presented with high grade fever and palpitations. He complained of painful red nodules on his finger pulp and his toes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  8. Mardiana Abdul Aziz, Effat Omar
    MyJurnal
    Pyogenic granuloma-like Kaposi sarcoma (PGLKS) is an uncommon variant of Kaposi
    sarcoma (KS), which mimics benign pyogenic granuloma both clinically and histologically. We
    report a case of PGLKS of the toe occurring in a HIV-positive individual. It presented as a 2cm
    skin swelling of 2 weeks’ duration which was clinically felt to be a pyogenic granuloma.
    Histopathological examination revealed a polypoid atypical vascular lesion with overlying
    peripheral epidermal collarette. Spindle cell proliferation typically seen in KS was also
    identified, which was positive for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) by immunohistochemistry,
    confirming the diagnosis of PGLKS. Upon review of the literature, our case is the 29th case of
    PGLKS reported to date, and only the sixth in Asian population. Particular attention to
    histomorphology, and demonstration of HHV8 in lesional tissue will aid accurate diagnosis of
    this rare entity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  9. Yusof MI, Shaharudin S, Sivalingarajah P
    Asian Spine J, 2018 Apr;12(2):349-355.
    PMID: 29713418 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2018.12.2.349
    Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

    Purpose: We measured the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during normal gait in normal patients, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with a Cobb angle <40° and in AIS patients with spinal fusion. We aimed to investigate whether vGRF in the aforementioned joints is altered in these three groups of patients.

    Overview of Literature: vGRF of the lower limb joints may be altered in these groups of patients. Although it is known that excessive force in the joints may induce early arthritis, there is limited relevant information in the literatures.

    Methods: We measured vGRF of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during heel strike, early stance, mid stance, and toe-off phases in normal subjects (group 1, n=14), AIS patients with Cobb angle <40° (group 2, n=14), and AIS patients with spinal fusion (group 3, n=13) using a gait analysis platform. Fifteen auto-reflective tracking markers were attached to standard anatomical landmarks in both the lower limbs. The captured motion images were used to define the orientations of the body segments and force exerted on the force plate using computer software. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and analysis of variance to examine differences between the right and left sides as well as those among the different subject groups.

    Results: The measurements during the four gait phases in all the groups did not show any significant difference (p>0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the vGRF measurements of all the joints among the three groups (p>0.05).

    Conclusions: A Cobb angle <40° and spinal fusion did not significantly create imbalance or alter vGRF of the lower limb joints in AIS patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  10. Kesu Belani L, Leong JF, Narin Singh PSG, Abdullah S
    Cureus, 2019 Dec 13;11(12):e6377.
    PMID: 31938655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6377
    Hair thread tourniquet syndrome (HTTS) is a rare condition where fibres constrict around appendages causing ischaemia and necrosis. It is a sporadically reported condition, where almost all reported cases showed involvement of fingers, toes or genitalia. A significant number of the cases are infants aged two weeks to six months where it is attributed to the mother's excessive hair fall due to hormonal changes after delivery. We present a two-month-old infant who was irritable for the past two days with her left ring finger exhibiting an ischaemic constriction with no apparent insulting agent. She successfully treated surgically after we suspected an incomplete removal of hair thread in the emergency department. We would like to highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion in cases as such as early intervention saves the appendage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  11. Vallonthaiel AG, Walia R, Pramanik R, Sharma MC, Jain D
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Aug;39(2):175-179.
    PMID: 28866701
    p40, one of the two isomers of p63, is nowadays widely used for diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, especially in subtyping non-small cell carcinoma on lung biopsies. We describe a case in which lung tumour was misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma due to p40 immunopositivity. A 36-year-old lady presented with cough and left sided chest pain of 2 months duration. Chest imaging revealed a lesion in left lower lobe of the lung and biopsy was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma. However, past history revealed amputation of great toe for non-healing discharging ulcer which on histopathology was diagnosed as choriocarcinoma. She also had a history of hysterectomy five years ago, details of which were not available. Post-amputation β-hCG levels were high and she had been treated with multimodality chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma. She had good response to chemotherapy initially, however became resistant later on. Review of the lung biopsy in the light of the past history along with extensive literature review led to the final diagnosis of metastatic trophoblastic tumour to lung. Hence, awareness that p40 immunopositivity can be seen in trophoblastic tumours is essential to avoid misdiagnosis, especially in sites like the lung where squamous cell carcinoma is common.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/pathology
  12. Rodríguez JY, Álvarez-Moreno CA, Cortés JA, Rodríguez GJ, Esquea K, Pinzón H, et al.
    Biomedica, 2019 05 01;39:10-18.
    PMID: 31529845 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4534
    Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei whose clinical diagnosis can be difficult due not only to its varied clinical presentation but also to the difficulties in the microbiological diagnosis.Thus, it may be necessary to use molecular techniques for its proper identification once it is suspected.
    There are few antibiotics available for the treatment of this disease, which must be used over a long period of time. Although it is known to be endemic in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and Australia, in Colombia there are few reported cases.
    We describe a case of melioidosis in the northern region of Colombia. Additionally, we review its clinical characteristics and treatment and we describe the local epidemiology of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/microbiology; Toes/surgery
  13. Arshad AR, Selvapragasam T
    J Craniofac Surg, 2008 Jan;19(1):175-83.
    PMID: 18216685 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3181534a77
    This is a study on 124 patients who were treated by the authors over a 19-year period. There were 48 male and 76 female patients. The age range of these patients at the time of treatment was between 4 months and 32 years. There was no family history of similar deformity. All of these patients come from a socially low-income group. Fourteen patients had accompanying congenital amputation of fingers, toes, or limbs. Two had oral cleft lip and palate. The surgical treatment was medial orbital wall osteotomy and excision of encephalocele. There were two mortalities and five patients who had complications that needed secondary surgical intervention. Thirty-eight patients are still under follow up without any complaints.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/abnormalities
  14. Zhao J, Tien HY, Abdullah S, Zhang Z
    Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010 Dec;126(6):2052-2059.
    PMID: 21124145 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44994
    BACKGROUND: Second toe-to-thumb transfer is a good alternative to using the great toe for reconstruction of the thumb. It achieves excellent function and reduces morbidity to the donor foot. However, cosmesis is often poor. The second toe has three unattractive features, a narrow "neck," a bulbous tip, and a short nail.

    METHODS: The authors describe a modified second toe transfer that addresses cosmesis in six patients. These include (1) harvesting a flap from the adjacent side of the great toe and insetting it into the volar aspect of the second toe to give more bulk, (2) making skin excisions on each side of the tip to reduce the bulbous appearance, and (3) excising the eponychium to produce apparent lengthening of the nail.

    RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range, 6 to 36 months). The procedure resulted in good function and improved cosmesis in all six cases. Part of the great toe flap was lost in one case. The mean two-point discrimination in the transferred toes was 10.1 mm, with protective sensation present in the flaps. The range of motion of the transferred toe was 14 to 38 degrees at the metatarsophalangeal joint, 16 to 55 degrees at the proximal interphalangeal joints, and 20 to 36 degrees in the distal interphalangeal joints. All patients except one were happy with the appearance of the transferred toe.

    CONCLUSION: This novel approach will allow patients to take advantage of the lower morbidity to the donor site afforded by second toe-to-thumb transfer and provide the patients with a more aesthetic appearance of the new thumb.

    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/transplantation*
  15. Muthupalaniappen L, Azimah MN, Kharuddin NF, Tzar MN
    PMID: 24050080
    Onychomycosis increases the risk of developing secondary bacterial infection and cellulitis if left untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetics and its associated factors. A cross sectional study using universal sampling of all type 1 and 2 diabetic patients attending a primary care facility of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) from January to March 2011 was conducted. Samples were taken from clinically abnormal nails and from the first right toenail in the absence of nail abnormalities and cultured for fungal elements. A total of 151 diabetics participated in the study. The mean patient age was 60.7 +/- 9.1 years. A total of 123 nail samples (81.5%) were culture positive for fungal elements. A positive correlation was found between onychomycosis and increasing age (p = 0.011) and clinically abnormal nails (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations with gender, ethnic group, duration of diabetes, types of diabetes or glycemic control. The prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetics in our study was high.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes/microbiology
  16. Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Nur Amira Sumari, Neni Widiasmoro Selamat, Hussin Muhammad, Junedah Sanusi
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are a disabling injury as it often results in motor and sensory deficit with cognitive impairment. Flaxseed oil provides a good source of omega-3 fatty acid and it is believed to be able to protect the damaged nerve cell for successful nerve recovery. This study aimed to investigate a potential neuro-re- generation properties of flaxseed oil in treating the PNI. Methods: A total of 65 rats were separated into 4 groups: Group 1: Normal group (n=5), Group 2: Negative group (n=20), Group 3: Experimental group (n=20) and Group 4: Positive control (n=20), all the group were further divided into 4 groups (post-operative 7, 14, 21, 28 days, n=5 for each days). The functional restoration was assessed by walking track analysis (Sciatic Functional Index analysis-SFI) and toe spreading reflex (grading score). Electron microscope studies were performed on sciatic nerve to evaluate the regenerative process through morphologic and morphometric changes. Results: Oral administration of flaxseed oil (experimental group) at 1000 mg/kg body weight/day showed better recovery compared to negative control value. However, there was no significant difference in SFI and toe spreading reflex between positive (mecobalamin) and experimental group (flaxseed oil). Morphological and morphometrical findings indicated increases in the myelin thickness and myelin sheath layer after administration of flaxseed oil. Conclusion: The flaxseed oil supplementation could enhance the neurorestorative capacities of injured sciatic nerve.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  17. Allen NE, Travis RC, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Barnett MJ, Black A, et al.
    J Natl Cancer Inst, 2016 11;108(11).
    PMID: 27385803 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw153
    BACKGROUND: Some observational studies suggest that a higher selenium status is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer but have been generally too small to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by disease stage and grade.

    METHODS: Collaborating investigators from 15 prospective studies provided individual-participant records (from predominantly men of white European ancestry) on blood or toenail selenium concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Odds ratios of prostate cancer by selenium concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided.

    RESULTS: Blood selenium was not associated with the risk of total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 80 percentile increase = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.23, based on 4527 case patients and 6021 control subjects). However, there was heterogeneity by disease aggressiveness (ie, advanced stage and/or prostate cancer death, Pheterogeneity = .01), with high blood selenium associated with a lower risk of aggressive disease (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.87) but not with nonaggressive disease. Nail selenium was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.40, Ptrend < .001, based on 1970 case patients and 2086 control subjects), including both nonaggressive (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.50) and aggressive disease (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.31, Pheterogeneity = .08).

    CONCLUSIONS: Nail, but not blood, selenium concentration is inversely associated with risk of total prostate cancer, possibly because nails are a more reliable marker of long-term selenium exposure. Both blood and nail selenium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of aggressive disease, which warrants further investigation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  18. Ramli D, Aziz I, Mohamad M, Abdulahi D, Sanusi J
    PMID: 28620418 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3476407
    Nerve crush injuries are commonly used models for axonotmesis to examine peripheral nerve regeneration. As evening primrose oil (EPO) is rich in omega-6 essential fatty acid component and gamma-linolenic acid, studies have shown the potential role of EPO in myelination. Seventy-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into three groups: normal group, control group, and experimental group. The result indicates that there was significant difference in toe-spreading reflex between the normal and the control groups (1.9 ± 0.031, p < 0.05) and the normal and the EPO groups (0.4 ± 0.031, p < 0.05) and significant difference between EPO and the control groups (1.5 ± 0.031, p < 0.05). Regeneration of axons and myelin in nerve fibre in the EPO-treated group developed better and faster than in the control group. In the control group, the shape of the axon was irregular with a thinner myelin sheath. In the experimental group, the shape of the axons, the thickness of the myelin sheath, and the diameter of the axons were almost the same as in the normal group. In conclusion, EPO supplementation may be beneficial as a therapeutic option for disturbances of nerve interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
  19. Khan SJ, Khan SS, Usman J, Mokhtar AH, Abu Osman NA
    Gait Posture, 2018 03;61:243-249.
    PMID: 29413792 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.024
    OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that toe-in gait (TI) will further reduce first peak (Knee Adduction Moment) KAM and decrease balance when combined with a knee brace (KB) and laterally wedged insoles (LWI) in medial knee osteoarthritis (kOA) patients.
    PARTICIPANTS: Twenty patients with bilateral symptomatic medial kOA.
    INTERVENTIONS: 4-point leverage-based KB, full-length LWI with 5° inclination and toe-in gait (TI).
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First and second peak knee adduction moment (fKAM and sKAM respectively), balance and pain.
    METHODS: The fKAM and sKAM were determined from 3-dimensional gait analysis with six randomized conditions: (1) N (without any intervention), (2) KB, (3) KB + TI, (4) LWI, (5) LWI + TI, (6) KB + LWI + TI. Balance was assessed by Biodex Balance System using three stability settings, (i) Static (ii) Moderate dynamic setting for fall risk (FR12) and (iii) High dynamic setting for fall risk (FR8).
    RESULTS: The reduction in fKAM and sKAM was greatest (19.75% and 12%) when TI was combined with KB and LWI respectively. No change in balance was observed when TI combined with KB, and LWI and when used concurrently with both the orthosis at static and FR12 conditions. Significant balance reduction was found at FR8 for KB + TI (22.22%), and KB + LWI + TI (35.71%). Pain increased significantly for KB (258%), KB + TI (305%), LWI + TI (210%) and KB + LWI + TI (316%). LWI showed no effect on pain.
    CONCLUSIONS: There is a synergistic effect of TI when combined with KB and LWI concurrently in sKAM reduction. However, the concurrent use of TI, KB and LWI decreases balance and pain as assessed on a highly dynamic platform.
    Study site: Department of Sports Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Toes
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