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Fulltext Lifestyle factors and dietary intake of Iranian postgraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Zarei M, Taib MN, Zarei F

Electron Physician, 2013;5(3):687-97.
PMID: 26120404 DOI: 10.14661/2013.687-697

BACKGROUND: A student's lifestyle can change notably in a foreign country. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with the body weight status of Iranian postgraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 2009.
METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 210 Iranian postgraduate students at UPM. Anthropometric factors also were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) also were calculated. The chi-squared test, Spearman's rho, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient were used to determine the associations between the variables that were studied. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure the amount of influence a predictor variable had on a outcome variable.
RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between nutritional knowledge (P > 0.05), weight-management knowledge (P > 0.05), and smoking (P > 0.05) and BMI. There were statistically significant correlations between gender (P < 0.01), physical activity (P < 0.05), protein (P < 0.01), carbohydrate (P < 0.01), fat (P < 0.01), fiber (P < 0.01), vitamin C (P < 0.05), calcium (P < 0.01), and iron (P < 0.01) and BMI. There were also relationships between body fat (P < 0.01), waist circumference (P < 0.01), hip circumference (P < 0.01) and WHR (P < 0.01) and BMI.
CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the need for a nutrition promotion program for the Iranian students to help them change their negative food habits and improve their lifestyles.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Dietary intake; Iran; Life style; Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Optic disc topography of normal tension glaucoma patients in Malaysia

Abdul Rahim A, Ismail S, Ahmad Tajudin LS, Ahmad MS

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):338-42.
PMID: 24145263 MyJurnal

There are limited data in the literature on the optic disc topography in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients in Asian countries, especially in Southeast Asia. This study is aimed at comparing optic disc topography in NTG patients and a control group in Malaysia, and we discuss the literature on NTG studies in other Asian populations. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals with glaucoma services in Malaysia from November 2010 to February 2012. A total of 109 eyes of 109 Malay patients were included in this study: 32 NTG patients and 77 subjects in the control group. All participants underwent a thorough ocular examination, including visual acuity, subjective refraction, anterior segment and fundus examinations, Humphrey visual field 24-2, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy examination and fundus photography. Optic disc topography was assessed using the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III by an identified masked investigator in each hospital. NTG patients had a notably larger disc area (2.65 (0.41) vs 2.19 (0.43) mm(2), respectively), larger cupping (1.54 (0.43) vs 0.63 (0.40) mm(2), respectively), smaller retinal rim areas (1.12 (0.41) vs 1.56 (0.33) mm(2), respectively), higher cup volume (0.47 (0.28) vs 0.11 (0.19) mm(3), respectively), reduced rim volume (0.23 (0.13) vs 0.41 (0.16) mm(3), respectively), higher cup to disc area ratio (0.58 (0.14) vs 0.27 (0.15), respectively), higher linear cup to disc ratio (0.76 (0.09) vs 0.49 (0.17) mm(2), respectively), higher mean cup depth (0.37 (0.09) vs 0.22 (0.09) mm, respectively), higher maximum cup depth (0.77 (0.16) vs 0.59 (0.20) mm, respectively), higher mean of cup shape measure (-0.04 (0.06) vs -0.16 (0.07), respectively), and thinner mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (0.15 (0.15) vs 0.24 (0.07) mm, respectively) compared to the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, most of the optic disc parameters were significantly different in NTG patients compared to healthy individuals in Malaysia. Our findings are comparable to those reported in NTG studies in other Asian countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
A comparative study on radiographic analysis of impacted third molars among three ethnic groups of patients attending AIMST Dental Institute, Malaysia

Kanneppady SK, Balamanikandasrinivasan, Kumaresan R, Sakri SB

Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2013 May;10(3):353-8.
PMID: 24019804

The patterns of facial growth, jaw and tooth size are inherited and are likely to differ among population and races. Aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the pattern of third molar (3M) impaction among three different ethnic groups (Chinese, Indian, Malay) of patients attending AIMST Dental Institute, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Imported tropical neuroinfections: practice skills and knowledge among nurses and nursing students

Rajoo M, Sulicova A, Mroskova S, Supinova M, Plackova A, Bystra M, et al.

Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., 2013 Sep;34(Suppl 1):45-7.
PMID: 24013609

OBJECTIVE: Tropical neuroinfections are still cause of substantial mortality in travelers. Therefore, good knowledge of early symptoms is very important for nurses acting as first contact persons.
METHODS: Nurse's practical skills and knowledge of signs and early recognition of tropical neuroinfections, providing first aid and quick action has been studied among graduates of two Tropical Nursing PhD programs (in EU-Countries vs. tropical country) using a standardized questionnaire. Statistical package EPI info was used to determine potential differences between both groups of graduates.
RESULTS: Acceptable knowledge on early symptoms and signs of cerebral malaria and meningococcal meningitis in returning travelers was found among 121 graduates of two PhD programs who were included in the study. Of these, 99 questionnaires were filled in Slovakia, Czech Republic and Germany and another 22 were filled in Malaysia, as a part of the Tropical Nursing PhD Study Programs.
CONCLUSION: Nursing students and recent graduates in two PhD programs demonstrated acceptable, although not large-scaled, knowledge of early signs and symptoms of tropical neuroinfections.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Osteoporosis: are healthcare professionals missing an opportunity

Khan YH, Mallhi TH, Sarriff A, Khan AH

Springerplus, 2013;2:463.
PMID: 24083110 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-463

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study is to analyze different approaches of pharmacists and general practitioners towards availability and use of osteoporosis prescreening tools and to find out reasons that explain non utilization of such tools in clinical practice.
SETTINGS: Among General practitioners and Community pharmacists in Pulau Penang, Malaysia.
METHODOLOGY: An explorative cross sectional study was carried out using convenience sampling approach. A pre-validated self- administered questionnaire was used to carry out the study. A total of 170 healthcare professionals participated in study.
MAIN OUTCOME: Evaluation of awareness, use and opinions of healthcare professionals regarding osteoporosis prescreening tools.
RESULTS: Response rate of study was 56%. The mean age of the participants was 39.00 + 7.89 years. Less than one third of participants were familiar with term prescreening tools or Clinical decision rules. The only osteoporosis prescreening tool that was recognized and used by majority of participants was FRAX. Participants agreed that low level of awareness regarding availability of prescreening tools poses hindrance in utilization of such tools in clinical practice. Majority of participants showed willingness to gain information and use such tools in future.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study demonstrate an urgent need of implementation of osteoporosis prescreening tools educational and awareness programs among healthcare professionals.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Ice-cream stick injury resembling torus palatinus

Khajotia R, Kew ST

Ear Nose Throat J, 2013 Sep;92(9):E33.
PMID: 24057915
Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
A nutrition survey in four South East Asian countries. Preface

Hautvast J

Br J Nutr, 2013 Sep;110 Suppl 3:S1.
PMID: 24016761 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002122
Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Genetic and environmental effects on age at menarche, and its relationship with reproductive health in twins

Jahanfar S, Lye MS, Krishnarajah IS

Indian J Hum Genet, 2013 Apr;19(2):245-50.
PMID: 24019629 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.116127

INTRODUCTION: Menarche or first menstrual period is a landmark in reproductive life span and it is the most prominent change of puberty. The timing of menarche can be under the influence of genes as well as individual environmental factors interacting with genetic factors.
OBJECTIVE: Our study objectives were (a) to investigate the heritability of age of menarche in twins, (b) to obtain the association between age of menarche and childhood factors, and reproductive events/behavior, (c) to examine whether or not having a male co-twin affects early/late menarche.
METHODOLOGY: A group of female-female identical (n = 108, 54 pairs), non-identical twins (n = 68, 34 pairs) and 17 females from opposite-sex twin sets were identified from twin registries of Malaysia and Iran. Genetic analysis was performed via two methods of Falconers' formula and maximum likelihood.
RESULTS: Heritability was found to be 66% using Falconers' formula and 15% using univariate twin analysis. Model analysis revealed that shared environmental factors have a major contribution in determining the age of menarche (82%) followed by non-shared environment (18%).
DISCUSSION: Result of this study is consistent with that of the literature. Timing of menarche could be under the influence of shared and non-shared environmental effects. Hirsutism was found to have a higher frequency among subjects with late menarche. There was no significant difference in age of menarche between females of opposite-sex twins and females of same-sex twins.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that twin models provide a powerful means of examining the total genetic contribution to age of menarche. Longitudinal studies of twins may clarify the type of environmental effects that determine the age of menarche.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Review of an 11-year Experience in Retrosigmoid Approach for Treatment of Acoustic Neuromas

Lim SL, Wong SH

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):253-8.
PMID: 23749017 MyJurnal

This study reviews surgery on acoustic neuromas by the second author using retrosigmoid approach from January 2000 to June 2010 in the state of Sarawak. There was a total of 32 patients in this study. The commonest presenting symptom was hearing loss (81.3%), followed by headache and tinnitus (each 37.5%), ataxia (34.4%) and facial numbness (21.9%). Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) had large tumor (≥ 3cm) while 5 patients (15.6%) had medium size tumor (1.5-2.9cm). The mean tumor size was 3.6 cm. Facial nerve outcome was good to moderate in 93.7% (House and Brackmann Grade I-IV). The most common complications were CSF leak with 3 patients(9.4%) and facial numbness with 2 patients(6.3%). All either resolved with treatment or improved. There was no mortality. Excision of acoustic neuromas using retrosigmoid approach could achieve acceptable facial nerve outcome with a low incidence of morbidity without mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Ochrobactrum anthropi catheter-related bloodstream infection: the first case report in malaysia

Siti Rohani AH, Tzar MN

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):267-8.
PMID: 23749021 MyJurnal

A 60-year old Malay man presented with an intermittent lowgrade fever for 3 days and worsening of right ankle ulcers. He was known to have ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension and end stage renal failure and was on regular haemodialysis. The organisms isolated from the peripheral and central blood specimens were identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, a rarely encountered gramnegative bacillus with a unique antibiotic susceptibility profile. His condition improved after removal of the catheters and administration of antibiotic therapy. This case report highlights the importance of being wary of such rare, opportunistic pathogens and good communication between the microbiologists and the clinicians.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients in Malaysia

Gan GG, Norfaizal AL, Bee PC, Chin EF, Habibah AH, Goh KL

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):231-3.
PMID: 23749012 MyJurnal

Helicobacter Pylori has been implicated with a possible link to immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) and studies have shown contradicting results in platelet recovery after eradication of H pylori infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext The outcome of combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children

Omar R, Knight VF, Hussin DA

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):245-8.
PMID: 23749015 MyJurnal

This study determined the outcome of combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children. A total of 479 preschool children were randomly selected for vision screening. Amblyopic therapy was prescribed to children whose visual acuity (VA) could not be improved to <0.1 LogMAR after a 6 week adaptation period with glasses. Intensive near work activities were conducted daily at home for 12 weeks, monitored by parents while weekly therapy was conducted at the optometry clinic by an optometrist. Six preschool children were diagnosed with refractive amblyopia, spherical equivalent (SE) was -11.25D to +0.75D. Significant improvement was found in the VA of right eye, t(6) = 3.07, left eye t(6) = 3.07 and both eyes t(6) = 3.42) p<0.05, at the end of the 12 week therapy. Combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children showed a positive improvement in VA after 12 weeks of therapy.
Study site: kindergarten, optometry clinic, Perak (site unclear)

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Effects of oil-palm plantations on diversity of tropical anurans

Faruk A, Belabut D, Ahmad N, Knell RJ, Garner TW

Conserv Biol, 2013 Jun;27(3):615-24.
PMID: 23692022 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12062

Agriculturally altered vegetation, especially oil-palm plantations, is rapidly increasing in Southeast Asia. Low species diversity is associated with this commodity, but data on anuran diversity in oil-palm plantations are lacking. We investigated how anuran biological diversity differs between forest and oil-palm plantation, and whether observed differences in biological diversity of these areas is linked to specific environmental factors. We hypothesized that biological diversity is lower in plantations and that plantations support a larger proportion of disturbance-tolerant species than forest. We compared species richness, abundance, and community composition between plantation and forest areas and between site types within plantation and forest (forest stream vs. plantation stream, forest riparian vs. plantation riparian, forest terrestrial vs. plantation terrestrial). Not all measures of biological diversity differed between oil-palm plantations and secondary forest sites. Anuran community composition, however, differed greatly between forest and plantation, and communities of anurans in plantations contained species that prosper in disturbed areas. Although plantations supported large numbers of breeding anurans, we concluded the community consisted of common species that were of little conservation concern (commonly found species include Fejervarya limnocharis, Microhyla heymonsi, and Hylarana erythrea). We believe that with a number of management interventions, oil-palm plantations can provide habitat for species that dwell in secondary forests.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Prevalence of macrolide resistance and in vitro activities of six antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a multi-center surveillance in Malaysia

Jeevajothi Nathan J, Mohd Taib N, Mohd Desa MN, Masri SN, Md Yasin R, Jamal F, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):119-24.
PMID: 23629556 MyJurnal

The in vitro activities of 6 antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) were investigated and the erythromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were correlated with the two major macrolide resistance determinants, mef(A) and erm(B). MICs of commonly used antibiotics as well as the presence of macrolide resistance determinant genes in all isolates were tested. Seventy one pneumococcal isolates collected at Institute for Medical Research (IMR) were included in this study. Phenotypic characterization, MIC determination using E-test strips and polymerase chain reactions for antibiotic resistance determination were included. Among the isolates, 25 (35.2%) isolates were erythromycin susceptible, 3 (4.2%) were intermediate and 42 (60.6%) were resistant. Fifty three isolates (74.7%) were found with mef(A) alone, 15 (21.1%) isolates with erm(B) + mef(A) combination and 3 (4.2%) isolates with none of the two genes. The in vitro activity of penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime is superior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. In conclusion, pneumococcal isolates in this study were highly susceptible to penicillin with very low MICs. However, a very high prevalence rate of erythromycin resistance was observed. Erythromycin resistant S. pneumoniae isolates with both mef(A) and erm(B) showed very high MICs ≥256 μg/mL.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Prevalence of depression in stroke patients with vascular dementia in universiti kebangsaan malaysia medical center

Khoo KF, Tan HJ, Rosdinom R, Raymond AA, Norlinah MI, Shamsul A, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):105-10.
PMID: 23629553 MyJurnal

Depression among patients with vascular dementia is frequently overlooked and potentially causes significant morbidity. There is limited data in Malaysia on the subject and this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression in vascular dementia (VaD) in UKMMC.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Soil chemistry and pollution study of a closed landfill site at Ampar Tenang, Selangor, Malaysia

Mohd Adnan SN, Yusoff S, Piaw CY

Waste Manag Res, 2013 Jun;31(6):599-612.
PMID: 23528999 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X13482031

A total of 20 landfills are located in State of Selangor, Malaysia. This includes the Ampar Tenang landfill site, which was closed on 26 January 2010. It was reported that the landfill has been upgraded to a level I type of sanitary classification. However, the dumpsite area is not being covered according to the classification. In addition, municipal solid waste was dumped directly on top of the unlined natural alluvium formation. This does not only contaminate surface and subsurface soils, but also initiates the potential risk of groundwater pollution. Based on previous studies, the Ampar Tenang soil has been proven to no longer be capable of preventing pollution migration. In this study, metal concentrations of soil samples up to 30 m depth were analyzed based on statistical analysis. It is very significant because research of this type has not been carried out before. The subsurface soils were significantly polluted by arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al). As and Pb exceeded the safe limit values of 5.90 mg/kg and 31.00 mg/kg, respectively, based on Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines for Metals and the Interim Sediment Quality Values. Furthermore, only Cu concentrations showed a significantly decreasing trend with increasing depth. Most metals were found on clay-type soils based on the cluster analysis method. Moreover, the analysis also differentiates two clusters: cluster I-Pb, As, zinc, Cu, manganese, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and Fe; cluster II-Al. Different clustering may suggest a different contamination source of metals.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext A report on an unusual presentation of autonomic dysreflexia

Suhaida SS, Engkasan JP

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):616-7.
PMID: 23770957 MyJurnal

A 48-year-old male with complete tetraplegia C6 presented with sweating and flushing of the right half of the face and neck that recurred when lying in supine and left lateral positions. The symptoms subsided immediately upon sitting upright or lying in a right lateral position. The symptoms were associated with occasional mild head discomfort rather than headache and were accompanied by marked elevation of blood pressure, which was 190-200/120-130 mmHg compared to his previous baseline blood pressure of 80-90/50-70 mmHg, and he had a heart rate of 60-70 beats per minute. We believe that post-traumatic syringomyelia, found upon further investigation, was the cause of the Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) in this patient. He was advised to avoid the positions causing the symptoms and the progression of symptoms was monitored regularly. AD might not have been diagnosed in this patient because of the atypical and unusual presentations. Therefore, knowledge and a heightened level of awareness of this possible complication are important when treating individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Brain metastasis of atrial myxoma: Case report

Badrisyah I, Saiful R, Rahmat H, Naik VR, Tan YC

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):613-5.
PMID: 23770956 MyJurnal

Metastasis of an atrial myxoma to the brain is extremely rare. Thus far there are only 17 cases reported, including our present case. Most of the brain metastases manifest only in 3 to 6 decades, after an average time frame of one to two years after surgical removal of parental tumour. We present a case of brain metastases of atrial myxoma in a teenager of the youngest age among all reported cases, unusually as early as 15 years old. The progress of the metastatic process had been insidious for three years after heart surgery, The imaging demonstrated a rather sizeable tumour by the time when the patient is symptomatic. The location of the metastatic tumour is anyhow superficial to the cortical surface, enabling complete surgical excision of the tumour easily achievable with favourable outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Langerhans cell histiocytosis of maxillary sinus

Azreen AB, Kwan CY, Prepagaren N

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):627-8.
PMID: 23770962 MyJurnal

Langerhan cell histiocytosis is a rare disease and usually occurs in paediatric age group. This disease may involve single or multiple organs system and has an unpredictable course of disease. The involvement of head and neck region are almost 90% of cases, however maxillary sinus involvement is very rare. We report a case of 2 year old boy presented with multi organ LCH (orbit, skull, sinus and liver). The mainstay treatment for this high risk multi organ LCH group is chemotherapy. Unfortunately, although with the advancement of treatment, their mortality rate is still high.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Albinism and lung fibrosis in a young man - the first case of adult Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome reported in Malaysia

Liza AF, Aziah AM

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):620-1.
PMID: 23770959

A young gentleman of Indian descent with oculacutaneous albinism (OCA) was found to have severe pulmonary fibrosis at first presentation. Following investigations, he was diagnosed with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS). It is a genetic condition characterised by albinism, bleeding diathesis and multisystem disorder observed in individuals of particular descents. Although there is no curative treatment apart from lung transplantation, preventive measures to minimise pulmonary insult may change the natural history of the disease. Therefore HPS should be actively sought, monitored and risk factors addressed in individuals with OCA and bleeding diathesis particularly those of Indian descent as they may develop serious complications such as pulmonary fibrosis in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia

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