Displaying publications 481 - 500 of 1901 in total

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  1. Immediately early 2 (IE-2) and DNA polymerase SiRNA as virus-specific antiviral against novel transplacental cytomegalovirus strain ALL-03 in vitro
    Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, Bala JA, Jesse FFA, Abdullah CAC, Noordin MM, et al.
    Infect Genet Evol, 2021 06;90:104783.
    PMID: 33640483 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104783
    OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the suitability of siRNA targeting specific genes that cause inhibition of virus replication in vitro especially for the virus that capable of crossing placenta and we employed a novel transplacental rat cytomegalovirus that mimics infection in human.

    METHODS: Six unique siRNAs with three each targeting different regions of IE2 (ie2a, ie2b and ie2c) and DNA polymerase (dpa, dpb and dpc) were prepared and tested for antiviral activities. The efficacy as an antiviral was determined in in-vitro by measuring TCID50 virus titer, severity of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE), intracellular viral genome loads by droplet digital PCR, the degree of apoptosis in siRNA-treated cells and relative expression of viral mRNA in infected Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF) cells.

    FINDINGS: Remarkably, the siRNAs: dpa, dpb and IE2b, significantly reduced virus yield (approximately >90%) compared to control group at day 18 post infection (p.i). Changes in CPE indicated that DNA polymerase siRNAs were capable of protecting cells against CMV infection at day 14 p.i with higher efficiency than GCV (at the concentration of 300 pmol). Gene expression analysis revealed a marked down regulation of the targeted DNA polymerase gene (73.9%, 96.0% and 90.7% for dpa, dpb and dpc siRNA, respectively) and IE2 gene (50.8%, 49.9% and 15.8% for ie2a, ie2b and ie2c siRNA, respectively) when measured by RT-qPCR. Intracellular viral DNA loads showed a significant reduction for all the DNA polymerase siRNAs (dpa: 96%, dpb: 98% and dpc:92) compared to control group (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Small Interfering/genetics; RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology*
  2. Imbalanced expression of polycistronic miRNA in acute myeloid leukemia
    Kotaki R, Higuchi H, Ogiya D, Katahira Y, Kurosaki N, Yukihira N, et al.
    Int J Hematol, 2017 Dec;106(6):811-819.
    PMID: 28831750 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2314-1
    miR-1 and miR-133 are clustered on the same chromosomal loci and are transcribed together as a single transcript that is positively regulated by ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1). Previously, we described how miR-133 has anti-tumorigenic potential through repression of EVI1 expression. It has also been reported that miR-1 is oncogenic in the case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that expression of miR-1 and miR-133, which have distinct functions, is differentially regulated between AML cell lines. Interestingly, the expression of miR-1 and EVI1, which binds to the promoter of the miR-1/miR-133 cluster, is correlative. The expression levels of TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein that has been reported to increase the expression, but inhibits the activity, of miR-1, were not correlated with expression levels of miR-1 in AML cells. Taken together, our observations raise the possibility that the balance of polycistronic miRNAs is regulated post-transcriptionally in a hierarchical manner possibly involving EVI1, suggesting that the deregulation of this balance may play some role in AML cells with high EVI1 expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis*; RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
  3. Fulltext Development of an Indirect ELISA and Dot-Blot Assay for Serological Detection of Rice Tungro Disease
    Henry Sum MS, Yee SF, Eng L, Poili E, Lamdin J
    Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:3608042.
    PMID: 29201901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3608042
    Rice tungro disease (RTD) is one of the most destructive diseases of rice in South and Southeast Asia. RTD is routinely detected based on visual observation of the plant. However, it is not always easy to identify the disease in the field as it is often confused with other diseases or physiological disorders. Here we report the development of two serological based assays for ease of detection of RTD. In this study we had developed and optimized an indirect ELISA and dot-blot assay for detection of RTD. The efficiency of both assays was evaluated by comparing the specificity and sensitivity of the assays to PCR assay using established primer sets. The indirect ELISA showed 97.5% and 96.6%, while the dot-blot assay showed 97.5% and 86.4% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, when compared to established PCR method. The high sensitivity and specificity of the two assays merit the use of both assays as alternative methods to diagnose RTD. Furthermore, the dot-blot assay is a simple, robust, and rapid diagnostic assay that is suitable for field test for it does not require any specialized equipment. This is a great advantage for diagnosing RTD in paddy fields, especially in the rural areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/genetics; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
  4. Fulltext Effects of conjugated linoleic acid, fish oil and soybean oil on PPARs (α & γ) mRNA expression in broiler chickens and their relation to body fat deposits
    Royan M, Meng GY, Othman F, Sazili AQ, Navidshad B
    Int J Mol Sci, 2011;12(12):8581-95.
    PMID: 22272093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128581
    An experiment was conducted on broiler chickens to study the effects of different dietary fats (Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fish oil, soybean oil, or their mixtures, as well as palm oil, as a more saturated fat), with a as fed dose of 7% for single fat and 3.5 + 3.5% for the mixtures, on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) gene expression and its relation with body fat deposits. The CLA used in this experiment was CLA LUTA60 which contained 60% CLA, so 7% and 3.5% dietary inclusions of CLA LUTA60 were equal to 4.2% and 2.1% CLA, respectively. Higher abdominal fat pad was found in broiler chickens fed with a diet containing palm oil compared to chickens in the other experimental groups (P ≤ 0.05). The diets containing CLA resulted in an increased fat deposition in the liver of broiler chickens (P ≤ 0.05). The only exception was related to the birds fed with diets containing palm oil or fish oil + soybean oil, where contents of liver fat were compared to the CLA + fish oil treatment. PPARγ gene in adipose tissue of chickens fed with palm oil diet was up-regulated compared to other treatments (P ≤ 0.001), whereas no significant differences were found in adipose PPARγ gene expression between chickens fed with diets containing CLA, fish oil, soybean oil or the mixture of these fats. On the other hand, the PPARα gene expression in liver tissue was up-regulated in response to the dietary fish oil inclusion and the differences were also significant for both fish oil and CLA + fish oil diets compared to the diets with palm oil, soybean oil or CLA as the only oil source (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the results of present study showed that there was a relationship between the adipose PPARγ gene up-regulation and abdominal fat pad deposition for birds fed with palm oil diet, while no deference was detected in n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, as well as CLA on PPARγ down regulation in comparison to a more saturated fat. When used on its own, fish oil was found to be a more effective fat in up-regulating hepatic PPARα gene expression and this effect was related to a less fat deposition in liver tissue. A negative correlation coefficient (-0.3) between PPARα relative gene expression and liver tissue fat content confirm the anti-lipogenic effect of PPARα, however, the change in these parameters was not completely parallel.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
  5. Identification of the genomic mutation in Epha4(rb-2J/rb-2J) mice
    Mohd-Zin SW, Abdullah NL, Abdullah A, Greene ND, Cheah PS, Ling KH, et al.
    Genome, 2016 Jul;59(7):439-48.
    PMID: 27373307 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0142
    The EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase is involved in numerous cell-signalling activities during embryonic development. EphA4 has the ability to bind to both types of ephrin ligands, the ephrinAs and ephrinBs. The C57BL/6J-Epha4rb-2J/GrsrJ strain, denoted Epha4(rb-2J/rb-2J), is a spontaneous mouse mutant that arose at The Jackson Laboratory. These mutants exhibited a synchronous hind limb locomotion defect or "hopping gait" phenotype, which is also characteristic of EphA4 null mice. Genetic complementation experiments suggested that Epha4(rb-2J) corresponds to an allele of EphA4, but details of the genomic defect in this mouse mutant are currently unavailable. We found a single base-pair deletion in exon 9 resulting in a frame shift mutation that subsequently resulted in a premature stop codon. Analysis of the predicted structure of the truncated protein suggests that both the kinase and sterile α motif (SAM) domains are absent. Definitive determination of genotype is needed for experimental studies of mice carrying the Epha4(rb-2J) allele, and we have also developed a method to ease detection of the mutation through RFLP. Eph-ephrin family members are reportedly expressed as numerous isoforms. Hence, delineation of the specific mutation in EphA4 in this strain is important for further functional studies, such as protein-protein interactions, immunostaining and gene compensatory studies, investigating the mechanism underlying the effects of altered function of Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases on phenotype.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA/genetics; RNA/isolation & purification
  6. Fulltext Cyst viability and stress tolerance upon heat shock protein 70 knockdown in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana
    Iryani MTM, Sorgeloos P, Danish-Daniel M, Tan MP, Wong LL, Mok WJ, et al.
    Cell Stress Chaperones, 2020 Nov;25(6):1099-1103.
    PMID: 32383141 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01113-0
    Females of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana produce either free-swimming nauplii via ovoviviparous pathway of reproduction or encysted embryos, known as cysts, via oviparous pathway, in which biological processes are arrested. While previous study has shown a crucial role of ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in protecting A. franciscana nauplii against various abiotic and abiotic stressors, the function of this protein in diapausing embryos and cyst development, however, remains unknown. RNA interference (RNAi) was applied in this study to examine the role of Hsp70 in cyst development and stress tolerance, with the latter performed by desiccation and freezing, a common method used for diapause termination in Artemia cysts. Hsp70 knockdown was apparent in cysts released from females that were injected with Hsp70 dsRNA. The loss of Hsp70 affected neither the development nor morphology of the cysts. The time between fertilization and cyst release from Artemia females injected with Hsp70 dsRNA was delayed slightly, but the differences were not significant when compared to the controls. However, the hatching percentage of cysts which lacks Hsp70 were reduced following desiccation and freezing. Taken together, these results indicated that Hsp70 possibly plays a role in the stress tolerance but not in the development of diapause-destined embryos of Artemia. This research makes fundamental contributions to our understanding of the role molecular chaperone Hsp70 plays in Artemia, an excellent model organism for diapause studies of the crustaceans.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
  7. Fulltext Thermotolerance and molecular chaperone function of an SGT1-like protein from the psychrophilic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica
    Yusof NA, Hashim NH, Beddoe T, Mahadi NM, Illias RM, Bakar FD, et al.
    Cell Stress Chaperones, 2016 Jul;21(4):707-15.
    PMID: 27154490 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0696-2
    The ability of eukaryotes to adapt to an extreme range of temperatures is critically important for survival. Although adaptation to extreme high temperatures is well understood, reflecting the action of molecular chaperones, it is unclear whether these molecules play a role in survival at extremely low temperatures. The recent genome sequencing of the yeast Glaciozyma antarctica, isolated from Antarctic sea ice near Casey Station, provides an opportunity to investigate the role of molecular chaperones in adaptation to cold temperatures. We isolated a G. antarctica homologue of small heat shock protein 20 (HSP20), GaSGT1, and observed that the GaSGT1 mRNA expression in G. antarctica was markedly increased following culture exposure at low temperatures. Additionally, we demonstrated that GaSGT1 overexpression in Escherichia coli protected these bacteria from exposure to both high and low temperatures, which are lethal for growth. The recombinant GaSGT1 retained up to 60 % of its native luciferase activity after exposure to luciferase-denaturing temperatures. These results suggest that GaSGT1 promotes cell thermotolerance and employs molecular chaperone-like activity toward temperature assaults.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
  8. Fulltext The multiple roles of hypothetical gene BPSS1356 in Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Yam H, Rahim AA, Mohamad S, Mahadi NM, Manaf UA, Shu-Chien AC, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e99218.
    PMID: 24927285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099218
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is an opportunistic pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis. It is able to adapt to harsh environments and can live intracellularly in its infected hosts. In this study, identification of transcriptional factors that associate with the β' subunit (RpoC) of RNA polymerase was performed. The N-terminal region of this subunit is known to trigger promoter melting when associated with a sigma factor. A pull-down assay using histidine-tagged B. pseudomallei RpoC N-terminal region as bait showed that a hypothetical protein BPSS1356 was one of the proteins bound. This hypothetical protein is conserved in all B. pseudomallei strains and present only in the Burkholderia genus. A BPSS1356 deletion mutant was generated to investigate its biological function. The mutant strain exhibited reduced biofilm formation and a lower cell density during the stationary phase of growth in LB medium. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the ΔBPSS1356 mutant cells had a shrunken cytoplasm indicative of cell plasmolysis and a rougher surface when compared to the wild type. An RNA microarray result showed that a total of 63 genes were transcriptionally affected by the BPSS1356 deletion with fold change values of higher than 4. The expression of a group of genes encoding membrane located transporters was concurrently down-regulated in ΔBPSS1356 mutant. Amongst the affected genes, the putative ion transportation genes were the most severely suppressed. Deprivation of BPSS1356 also down-regulated the transcriptions of genes for the arginine deiminase system, glycerol metabolism, type III secretion system cluster 2, cytochrome bd oxidase and arsenic resistance. It is therefore obvious that BPSS1356 plays a multiple regulatory roles on many genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry
  9. Fulltext An imported case of acute melioidosis caused by ST881 Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Zong Z, Wang X, Deng Y
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2016 Mar;47(2):219-22.
    PMID: 27244959
    A previously healthy Chinese male working in Malaysia returned to China with high fever. A blood culture showed Burkholderia pseudomallei strain WCBP1. This isolate was sequenced, showing type, ST881, which appears to be present in Malaysia. WCP1 had unusual susceptibility to aminoglycosides and habored the Yersinia-like fimbrial gene cluster for virulence. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly but he recovered after receiving meropenem and intensive care support. Melioidosis is a potential problem among Chinese imigrant workers with strains new to China being identified.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis; Sequence Analysis, RNA
  10. Rapid detection, serotyping and quantitation of dengue viruses by TaqMan real-time one-step RT-PCR
    Kong YY, Thay CH, Tin TC, Devi S
    J Virol Methods, 2006 Dec;138(1-2):123-30.
    PMID: 17000012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.08.003
    The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in molecular diagnosis is now accepted worldwide and has become an essential tool in the research laboratory. In the laboratory, a rapid detection, serotyping and quantitation, one-step real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for dengue virus using TaqMan probes. In this assay, a set of forward and reverse primers were designed targeting the serotype conserved region at the NS5 gene, at the same time flanking a variable region for all four serotypes which were used to design the serotype-specific TaqMan probes. This multiplex one-step RT-PCR assay was evaluated using 376 samples collected during the year 2003. These groups included RNA from prototype dengue virus (1-4), RNA from acute serum from which dengue virus was isolated, RNA from tissue culture supernatants of dengue virus isolated, RNA from seronegative acute samples (which were culture and IgM negative) and RNA from samples of dengue IgM positive sera. The specificity of this assay was also evaluated using a panel of sera which were positive for other common tropical disease agents including herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, measles virus, varicella-zoster virus, rubella virus, mumps virus, WWF, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, S. typhi, Legionella, Leptospira, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma. The sensitivity, specificity and real-time PCR efficiency of this assay were 89.54%, 100% and 91.5%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/analysis*; RNA, Viral/genetics
  11. Rapid concentration and detection of hepatitis A virus from lettuce and strawberries
    Bidawid S, Farber JM, Sattar SA
    J Virol Methods, 2000 Aug;88(2):175-85.
    PMID: 10960705
    Immunomagnetic beads-PCR (IM-PCR), positively-charged virosorb filters (F), or a combination of both methods (F-IM-PCR) were used to capture, concentrate and rapidly detect hepatitis A virus (HAV) in samples of lettuce and strawberries experimentally contaminated. Direct reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the collected HAV-beads complex showed a detection limit of 0.5 plaque forming units (PFU) of the virus present in 1-ml of wash solution from the produce, which was several hundred-fold more sensitive than that demonstrated by RT-PCR. In separate trials, virus-containing wash solutions from the produce were passed through the filters and the captured virus was eluted with 10 ml volumes of 1% beef extract. Of the 62% filter-captured HAV, an average of 34.8% was eluted by the 1% beef extract. PCR amplification of 2 microl from this eluate failed to produce a clear positive band signal. As little as 10 PFU, present on each piece of the lettuce or strawberry, was detectable by the F-IM-PCR, which was almost 20 times less sensitive than the detection limit of 0.5 PFU by the IM-PCR. However, considering the large volumes (< or =50 ml) used in the F-IM-PCR, the sensitivity of detection could be much greater than that of the IM-PCR, which was restricted to < or =20 ml volumes. These data indicate that the F-IM-PCR method provides the potential for a greater sensitivity of detection than the IM-PCR, since low levels of virus could be detected from large volumes of sample than possible by the IM-PCR method. Although positively-charged filters captured a greater amount of virus than both the IM-PCR and F-IM-PCR methods, direct PCR amplification from beef extract eluates was not successful in detecting HAV from produce.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/analysis; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
  12. Performance of an RT-nested PCR ELISA for detection of Newcastle disease virus
    Kho CL, Mohd-Azmi ML, Arshad SS, Yusoff K
    J Virol Methods, 2000 Apr;86(1):71-83.
    PMID: 10713378
    A sensitive and specific RT-nested PCR coupled with an ELISA detection system for detecting Newcastle disease virus is described. Two nested pairs of primer which were highly specific to all the three different pathotypes of NDV were designed from the consensus fusion gene sequence. No cross-reactions with other avian infectious agents such as infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, influenza virus, and fowl pox virus were observed. Based on agarose electrophoresis detection, the RT-nested PCR was about 100 times more sensitive compared to that of a non-nested RT-PCR. To facilitate the detection of the PCR product, an ELISA detection method was then developed to detect the amplified PCR products and it was shown to be ten times more sensitive than gel electrophoresis. The efficacy of the nested PCR-ELISA was also compared with the conventional NDV detection method (HA test) and non-nested RT-PCR by testing against a total of 35 tissue specimens collected from ND-symptomatic chickens. The RT-nested PCR ELISA found NDV positive in 21 (60%) tissue specimens, while only eight (22.9%) and two (5.7%) out of 35 tissue specimens were tested NDV positive by both the non-nested RT-PCR and conventional HA test, respectively. Due to its high sensitivity for the detection of NDV from tissue specimens, this PCR-ELISA based diagnostic test may be useful for screening large number of samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/analysis; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
  13. Fulltext Persistent Brainstem Dysfunction in Long-COVID: A Hypothesis
    Yong SJ
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2021 Feb 17;12(4):573-580.
    PMID: 33538586 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00793
    Long-COVID is a postviral illness that can affect survivors of COVID-19, regardless of initial disease severity or age. Symptoms of long-COVID include fatigue, dyspnea, gastrointestinal and cardiac problems, cognitive impairments, myalgia, and others. While the possible causes of long-COVID include long-term tissue damage, viral persistence, and chronic inflammation, the review proposes, perhaps for the first time, that persistent brainstem dysfunction may also be involved. This hypothesis can be split into two parts. The first is the brainstem tropism and damage in COVID-19. As the brainstem has a relatively high expression of ACE2 receptor compared with other brain regions, SARS-CoV-2 may exhibit tropism therein. Evidence also exists that neuropilin-1, a co-receptor of SARS-CoV-2, may be expressed in the brainstem. Indeed, autopsy studies have found SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins in the brainstem. The brainstem is also highly prone to damage from pathological immune or vascular activation, which has also been observed in autopsy of COVID-19 cases. The second part concerns functions of the brainstem that overlap with symptoms of long-COVID. The brainstem contains numerous distinct nuclei and subparts that regulate the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological processes, which can be linked to long-COVID. As neurons do not readily regenerate, brainstem dysfunction may be long-lasting and, thus, is long-COVID. Indeed, brainstem dysfunction has been implicated in other similar disorders, such as chronic pain and migraine and myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/isolation & purification; RNA, Viral/metabolism
  14. Strain measurements and fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with all-ceramic restorations
    Seow LL, Toh CG, Wilson NH
    J Dent, 2015 Jan;43(1):126-32.
    PMID: 25448436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.10.001
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with bonded ceramic inlays and onlays of various designs.
    METHODS: Seventy intact premolars were selected for this study; six cavity designs were investigated: (i) mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) inlay (I), (ii) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage (IPC), (iii) MOD onlay (O), (iv) MOD inlay with pulp chamber extension (IPE), (v) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage and pulp chamber extension (IPCPE), and (vi) MOD onlay with pulp chamber extension (OPE). Intact teeth acted as control. Strain gauges were attached to the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth to measure cuspal stiffness under static loading. All specimens were eventually subjected to compressive load to failure. Cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test.
    RESULTS: The I and IPE restorations restored cuspal stiffness to 75% of the sound tooth value. The O and OPE restored teeth had stiffness values greater than that of a sound tooth. The I, IPC, O, IPE, IPCPE and OPE restored teeth demonstrated fracture strength values of 938N±113 N (s.d.), 1073N±176 N and 1317N±219 N, 893N±129 N, 1062N±153 N and 1347N±191 N respectively.
    CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the all-ceramic onlay or inlay with palatal cusp coverage provided best biomechanical advantage in restoring an endodontically treated maxillary premolar tooth.
    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The onlay approach which is more conservative compared to full coverage restoration is considered an appropriate approach to the restoration of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The addition of a pulpal extension to the all-ceramic restorations, apart from being technically challenging, was not found to offer any biomechanical advantage to the restored teeth.
    KEYWORDS: Endodontically treated teeth; Fracture strengths; Inlay; Onlay; Pulp chamber extension; Strains
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA-Binding Proteins
  15. The complete mitogenome of the Australian spiny crayfish Euastacus yarraensis (McCoy, 1888) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae)
    Gan HM, Tan MH, Austin CM
    Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal, 2016;27(2):929-30.
    PMID: 24938115 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.926490
    The mitochondrial genome sequence of the Australian crayfish, Euastacus yarraensis, is documented and compared with other Australian crayfish genera. Euastacus yarraensis has a mitogenome of 15,548 base pairs consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a non-coding AT-rich region. The base composition of E. yarraensis mitogenome is 32.39% for T, 22.45% for C, 34.43% for A, and 10.73% for G, with an AT bias of 66.82%. The mitogenome gene order conforms to what is considered the primitive arrangement for parastacid crayfish.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Transfer
  16. The complete mitogenome of the Australian land crayfish Engaeus lyelli (Clark 1936) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae)
    Gan HM, Tan MH, Lee YP, Schultz MB, Austin CM
    Mitochondrial DNA, 2016;27(1):595-6.
    PMID: 24730605 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.908361
    The complete mitochondrial genome of the enigmatic freshwater crayfish Engaeus lyelli was sequenced using the MiSeq Personal Sequencer (Illumina, San Diego, CA). The mitogenome has 16,027 bp consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 23 transfer RNAs, and a non-coding AT-rich region. The base composition of E. lyelli is 29.01% for T, 27.13% for C, 31.43% for A, and 12.44% for G, with an AT bias of 60.44%. The species has the distinctive gene order characteristic of parastacid crayfish with the exception of some minor rearrangements involving the tRNA genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Transfer
  17. Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities
    Kremp A, Tahvanainen P, Litaker W, Krock B, Suikkanen S, Leaw CP, et al.
    J Phycol, 2014 Feb;50(1):81-100.
    PMID: 26988010 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12134
    Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Balech and Tangen and A. peruvianum (Balech and B.R. Mendiola) Balech and Tangen are morphologically closely related dinoflagellates known to produce potent neurotoxins. Together with Gonyaulax dimorpha Biecheler, they constitute the A. ostenfeldii species complex. Due to the subtle differences in the morphological characters used to differentiate these species, unambiguous species identification has proven problematic. To better understand the species boundaries within the A. ostenfeldii complex we compared rDNA data, morphometric characters and toxin profiles of multiple cultured isolates from different geographic regions. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences from cultures characterized as A. ostenfeldii or A. peruvianum formed a monophyletic clade consisting of six distinct groups. Each group examined contained strains morphologically identified as either A. ostenfeldii or A. peruvianum. Though key morphological characters were generally found to be highly variable and not consistently distributed, selected plate features and toxin profiles differed significantly among phylogenetic clusters. Additional sequence analyses revealed a lack of compensatory base changes in ITS2 rRNA structure, low to intermediate ITS/5.8S uncorrected genetic distances, and evidence of reticulation. Together these data (criteria currently used for species delineation in dinoflagellates) imply that the A. ostenfeldii complex should be regarded a single genetically structured species until more material and alternative criteria for species delimitation are available. Consequently, we propose that A. peruvianum is a heterotypic synonym of A. ostenfeldii and this taxon name should be discontinued.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Ribosomal
  18. Hepatitis C genotype and associated risks factors of patients at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
    Mohamed NA, Zainol Rashid Z, Wong KK, S A A, Rahman MM
    Pak J Med Sci, 2013 Sep;29(5):1142-6.
    PMID: 24353708
    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is important for treatment and epidemiological purposes. The objective was to determine HCV genotype and their associations with certain risk factors at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC).
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral
  19. Fulltext Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum Strain W1481, a Possible New Subspecies Isolated from a Periodontal Pocket
    Ang MY, Dymock D, Tan JL, Thong MH, Tan QK, Wong GJ, et al.
    Genome Announc, 2014;2(1).
    PMID: 24526626 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00009-14
    Fusobacterium nucleatum is a bacterial species commonly detected in dental plaque within the human oral cavity, with some strains associated with periodontal disease, one of the most common clinical bacterial infections in the human body. The exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis are still not completely understood. In this study, we present the genome sequence and annotation of F. nucleatum strain W1481, isolated from a periodontal pocket of a dental patient at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of which showed it to be markedly different from the five previously named subspecies.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  20. Fulltext Cationized dextran nanoparticle-encapsulated CXCR4-siRNA enhanced correlation between CXCR4 expression and serum alkaline phosphatase in a mouse model of colorectal cancer
    Abedini F, Hosseinkhani H, Ismail M, Domb AJ, Omar AR, Chong PP, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:4159-68.
    PMID: 22888250 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S29823
    The failure of colorectal cancer treatments is partly due to overexpression of CXCR4 by tumor cells, which plays a critical role in cell metastasis. Moreover, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are frequently elevated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A polysaccharide, dextran, was chosen as the vector of siRNA. Spermine was conjugated to oxidized dextran by reductive amination process to obtain cationized dextran, so-called dextran-spermine, in order to prepare CXCR4-siRNAs/dextran-spermine nanoparticles. The fabricated nanoparticles were used in order to investigate whether downregulation of CXCR4 expression could affect serum ALP in mouse models of colorectal cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry*
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