METHODS: Using the Global PaedSurg study protocol with permission, we performed a prospective cohort study on children presenting for the first time between October 2021 and April 2022 with these conditions: Esophageal atresia (EA), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation (ARM) and Hirschsprung's disease. We compared mortality and 30-day outcome data across different geographical regions in Malaysia.

RESULTS: There were 228 patients with 242 study conditions (EA n = 28, CDH n = 36, intestinal atresia n = 49, gastroschisis n = 12, exomphalos n = 8, ARM n = 77, Hirschsprung's disease n = 32). Our mortality rate was 8.8%; 60% of these were CDH patients. Factors significantly associated with mortality were CDH diagnosis, central venous access requirement, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, blood transfusion and ventilation requirement.

METHODS: The proposed MPa-DCAE model leverages the hierarchical feature extraction capabilities of VGG19 within a DCAE framework, designed to capture intricate patterns in histopathology images. By using a multi-patch approach, regions of interest are extracted from pathology images to facilitate localized feature learning, enhancing the model's discriminatory power. The auto-encoder component enables unsupervised feature learning, increasing resilience and adaptability to variations in image features. Experiments were conducted at various magnifications on the CBIS-DDSM and MIAS datasets to validate model performance.

RESULTS: Experimental results demonstrated that the MPa-DCAE model outperformed existing methods. For the CBIS-DDSM dataset, the model achieved a precision of 97.96%, a recall of 94.85%, and an accuracy of 98.36%. For the MIAS dataset, it achieved a precision of 97.99%, a recall of 97.2%, and an accuracy of 98.95%. These results highlight the model's robustness and potential for clinical application in computer-assisted diagnosis.

METHOD: The study utilized data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional survey employing a two-stage stratified random sampling technique to ensure national representativeness. HIV knowledge was assessed using the UNGASS indicators questionnaire, which comprises five questions on HIV prevention and transmission. The data were collected using the computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) method. Respondents who did not correctly answer all five questions were considered to have inadequate knowledge about HIV. Descriptive analysis and complex sample logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 28.0.

RESULTS: The survey identified 5,561 eligible respondents, leading to the participation of 3,187 individuals in the second phase of the study, which resulted in a response rate of 57.3%. Our study revealed an overall prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge at 77.4%, with adolescents aged 13-19 exhibiting the highest prevalence at 86.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents with no formal education (aOR 4.34, 95% CI: 0.65, 29.08) were over four times more likely to lack HIV knowledge. Additionally, respondents with only secondary education had an increased risk of 1.79 times. Individuals residing in rural areas were significantly more likely to have inadequate HIV-related knowledge. Furthermore, respondents who worked as unpaid workers, homemakers, or caregivers (aOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.82) showed a higher likelihood of lacking HIV knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework for Shariah-compliant healthcare services, ensuring alignment with Islamic practices in healthcare.

METHODS, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: This consensus study employed a key input approach using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and interpretive structural modelling. Conducted in Malaysia, the study involved 10 experts from various regions across the country. These experts were selected based on clear criteria that included professionals with experience in Islamic and/or healthcare, while those lacking relevant expertise were excluded.

RESULTS: The primary outcome was the identification of pertinent elements for the framework, with final elements measured based on expert consensus achieved through FDM. The panel of experts reached consensus on 10 essential elements that form the backbone of the framework for Shariah-compliant healthcare services. These elements include governance, medical ethics, patient care, human resources and professional development, facilities for Islamic worship (ibadah), spiritual care support, end-of-life care, Islamic environment, medicine and drugs, and affordability and accessibility.

METHODS: A total of 17294 histopathological reports from Diagnostic Oral Pathology Unit between 1991 and 2021 were retrieved. One thousand eleven histopathological reports that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Information of interest was extracted from histopathological reports. The lesions were categorised into 10 diagnosis categories. Descriptive and correlation analysis were performed.

METHODS: This is a cluster randomized controlled trial which involved schoolchildren aged 13, 14 and 16 years old from 15 out of 415 government secondary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia which were randomly assigned into six intervention (N = 579 schoolchildren) and nine control (N = 462 schoolchildren).The intervention group followed MyBFF@school program carried out by trained personnel for 6 month while the control group only followed the existing school curriculum by the Ministry of Education. The primary outcomes presented in this study were body mass index adjusted for age (BMI z-score), waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM), measured at baseline, three and six months. Analyses of all outcomes except for the baseline characteristics were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Mixed linear models adjusted for baseline outcome value and gender were used to evaluate the effectiveness after three and six months of intervention.

RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant difference in the mean difference (MD) of BMI z-score (MD = 0.05, Confident Interval (95%CI: -0.077 to 0.194), WC (MD = 0.437, (95%CI:-3.64 to 0.892), PBF (MD = 0.977,95%CI:-1.04 to 3.0) and SMM (MD = 0.615,95%CI:-2.14,0.91) between the intervention and control group after 6 months of intervention after controlling for outcomes measured at baseline and gender.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the MyBFF@school programme appeared promising in engaging children and promoting awareness of healthy behaviors, it did not lead to significant improvements in the anthropometric outcomes. Possible reasons for the lack of effectiveness could include the need for more intensive or targeted interventions, parental involvement, or challenges in sustaining behavior changes outside of school settings.