Displaying publications 541 - 560 of 927 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in malaysia producing IMP-7 beta-lactamase
    Ho SE, Subramaniam G, Palasubramaniam S, Navaratnam P
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2002 Oct;46(10):3286-7.
    PMID: 12234862
    We have isolated and identified a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from Malaysia that produces an IMP-7 metallo-beta-lactamase. This isolate showed high-level resistance to meropenem and imipenem, the MICs of which were 256 and 128 micro g/ml, respectively. Isoelectric focusing analyses revealed pI values of >9.0, 8.2, and 7.8, which indicated the possible presence of IMP and OXA. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the IMP-7 determinant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  2. Fulltext Investigation on antimicrobial activity of root extracts of Thespesia populnea Linn
    Senthil-Rajan D, Rajkumar M, Srinivasan R, Kumarappan C, Arunkumar K, Senthilkumar KL, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Dec;30(4):570-8.
    PMID: 24522124 MyJurnal
    Many medicinal plants have been used for centuries in daily life to treat microbial diseases all over the world. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol root extracts of Thespesia populnea Linn were investigated. Antimicrobial properties of T. populnea Linn was evaluated against five pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. Disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by broth serial dilution method. The ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml) and flucanozole (100 units/disc) were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi respectively. Different concentrations (50, 100, 150 μg/ml) of ethanolic and aqueous root extracts of T. populnea were checked for the dose dependent antibacterial activity. Thespesia populnea showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and maximum inhibition by ethanolic extract was observed at higher dose (250 μg/ml) as 27±0.2mm. The MIC of the ethanol extract was 10 μg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 750 μg/ml for Candida albicans. The antifungal activity offered against S. aureus by the ethanolic extract is more than the aqueous extract. The results concluded that the anti-microbial activity of T. populnea was dose dependent. As the concentration increased the inhibition zone also increased. Flavonoids and tannins present in the extracts may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  3. Fulltext An eight-year review of blood culture and susceptibility among sepsis cases in an emergency department in Northeastern Malaysia
    Hashairi F, Hasan H, Azlan K, Deris ZZ
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;28(3):599-605.
    PMID: 22433889 MyJurnal
    An understanding of common pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns is critical for proper management of sepsis in Emergency Department (ED). The goal of the study was to identify common organisms isolated from blood cultures of patients attended to ED and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Beginning from 2002, all cases of positive blood culture collected by the ED, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) were recorded and analysed. Over the period of eight years, we documented 995 cases of positive blood cultures. Of these samples, 549 (55.2%) were Gram-negative bacteria; 419 (42.1%) were Gram-positive bacteria; 10 (1.0%) were anaerobic organisms; 10 (1.0%) were fungus; and 7 (0.7%) cases were mixed organisms. Gram-negative bacteria were observed to develop more resistance to antimicrobial agents, especially those commonly used in an outpatient setting with less than 80% sensitivity to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. By contrast, there has been no marked change in the sensitivity trends of Gram-positive bacteria over the same period. In conclusion, ED physicians are more equipped to initiate empirical antimicrobial therapy especially when dealing with possibility of Gram-negative sepsis.
    Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  4. Fulltext Characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from broilers in Selangor, Malaysia
    Getachew YM, Hassan L, Zakaria Z, Saleha AA, Kamaruddin MI, Che Zalina MZ
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Dec;26(3):280-8.
    PMID: 20237442 MyJurnal
    Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen in humans. The use of antibiotics in human therapy and in the production of food animals has been incriminated in the emergence of this organism. The present study describes the distribution of VRE species, the vancomycin-resistant genes detected, the vancomycin resistance pattern observed, and the genetic diversity of the isolates found in live broiler chickens in Malaysia. Overall 140 VRE were isolated with species comprising Enterococcus faecalis (48%), Enterococcus faecium (25.7%), Enterococcus gallinarum (12.1%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (1.4%) and other Enterococcus species (12.8%). Vancomycin resistance gene vanA and intrinsic genes vanC1 and vanC2/3 were detected in the study population. VanA was detected in 15 (63.9%) of E. faecium, 23 (22.4%) of E. faecalis and in 3 (17.6%) E. gallinarum isolates. E-test was conducted on randomly selected 41 of the isolates and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for five (11.9%) of tested isolates is more than 256 μg/ml. Genotypic analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed genetic diversity within the Enterococcus species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  5. Fulltext Silver nanoparticles from insect wing extract: Biosynthesis and evaluation for antioxidant and antimicrobial potential
    Jakinala P, Lingampally N, Hameeda B, Sayyed RZ, Khan M Y, Elsayed EA, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(3):e0241729.
    PMID: 33735177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241729
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely synthesized and used nanoparticles (NPs). AgNPs have been traditionally synthesized from plant extracts, cobwebs, microorganisms, etc. However, their synthesis from wing extracts of common insect; Mang mao which is abundantly available in most of the Asian countries has not been explored yet. We report the synthesis of AgNPs from M. mao wings extract and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical, 40-60 nm in size and revealed strong absorption plasmon band around at 430 nm. Highly crystalline nature of these particles as determined by Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction further confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of AgNPs were observed to be 43.9 nm and -7.12 mV, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of characteristic amide proteins and aromatic functional groups. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids in the wings extract that may be responsible for biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Further, SDS-PAGE of the insect wing extract protein showed the molecular weight of 49 kDa. M. mao silver nanoparticles (MMAgNPs) exhibit strong antioxidant, broad-range antibacterial and antifungal activities, (66.8 to 87.0%), broad-range antibacterial and antifungal activities was found with maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 (35±0.4 mm) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini (86.6±0.4) which signifies their biomedical and agricultural potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  6. Activated ADI pathway: the initiator of intermediate vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
    Tan XE, Neoh HM, Looi ML, Chin SF, Cui L, Hiramatsu K, et al.
    Can J Microbiol, 2017 Mar;63(3):260-264.
    PMID: 28059579 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0439
    Comparative proteomic profiling between 2 vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains, Mu50Ω-vraSm and Mu50Ω-vraSm-graRm, and vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) strain Mu50Ω revealed upregulated levels of catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ArcB) of the arginine catabolism pathway in VISA strains. Subsequent analyses showed that the VISA strains have higher levels of cellular ATP and ammonia, which are by-products of arginine catabolism, and displayed thicker cell walls. We postulate that elevated cytoplasmic ammonia and ATP molecules, resulting from activated arginine catabolism upon acquisition of vraS and graR mutations, are important requirements facilitating cell wall biosynthesis, thereby contributing to thickened cell wall and consequently reduced vancomycin susceptibility in VISA strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  7. A new pyranoxanthone from Garcinia nervosa
    Wong KW, Ee GCL, Ismail IS, Karunakaran T, Jong VYM
    Nat Prod Res, 2017 Nov;31(21):2513-2519.
    PMID: 28412841 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1315717
    Phytochemical studies on the stem bark of Garcinia nervosa has resulted in the discovery of one new pyranoxanthone derivative, garner xanthone (1) and five other compounds, 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (2), 6-deoxyisojacareubin (3), 12b-hydroxy-des-D-garcigerrin A (4) stigmasterol (5), and β-sitosterol (6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR and MS. The crude extracts of the plant were assessed for their antimicrobial activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  8. Fulltext Bactericidal Effect of Pterostilbene Alone and in Combination with Gentamicin against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
    Lee WX, Basri DF, Ghazali AR
    Molecules, 2017 Mar 17;22(3).
    PMID: 28304328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030463
    The antibacterial activity of pterostilbene in combination with gentamicin against six strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of pterostilbene were determined using microdilution technique whereas the synergistic antibacterial activities of pterostilbene in combination with gentamicin were assessed using checkerboard assay and time-kill kinetic study. Results of the present study showed that the combination effects of pterostilbene with gentamicin were synergistic (FIC index < 0.5) against three susceptible bacteria strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli O157 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442. However, the time-kill study showed that the interaction was indifference which did not significantly differ from the gentamicin treatment. Furthermore, time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated with 2 to 8 h treatment with 0.5 × MIC of pterostilbene and gentamicin. The identified combinations could be of effective therapeutic value against bacterial infections. These findings have potential implications in delaying the development of bacterial resistance as the antibacterial effect was achieved with the lower concentrations of antibacterial agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  9. Fabrication of biodegradable Zn-Al-Mg alloy: Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities
    Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Hamzah E, Low HT, Kasiri-Asgarani M, Farahany S, Akbari E, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Apr 01;73:215-219.
    PMID: 28183601 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.138
    In this work, binary Zn-0.5Al and ternary Zn-0.5Al-xMg alloys with various Mg contents were investigated as biodegradable materials for implant applications. Compared with Zn-0.5Al (single phase), Zn-0.5Al-xMg alloys consisted of the α-Zn and Mg2(Zn, Al)11 with a fine lamellar structure. The results also revealed that ternary Zn-Al-Mg alloys presented higher micro-hardness value, tensile strength and corrosion resistance compared to the binary Zn-Al alloy. In addition, the tensile strength and corrosion resistance increased with increasing the Mg content in ternary alloys. The immersion tests also indicated that the corrosion rates in the following order Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  10. ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI O104 FROM THAI AND IMPORTED MALAYSIAN RAW BEEF
    Wameadesa N, Sae-lim A, Hayeebilan F, Rattanachuay P, Sukhumungoon P
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2017 Mar;48(2):338-50.
    PMID: 29642296
    Local Thai and imported Malaysian beef in southern Thailand area carry
    several Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes. STEC O104 is an
    important pathogen capable of causing outbreaks with considerable morbidity
    and mortality. This study investigated the presence of E. coli O104 from local Thai
    and imported Malaysian beef obtained from markets in Hat Yai City, Songkhla
    Province during August 2015 - February 2016. Thirty-one E. coli O104 strains
    were isolated from 12 beef samples (16% and 23% Thai and imported Malaysian,
    respectively). Thirty strains possessed aggA (coding for a major component of
    AAF/I fimbriae), a gene associated with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) pathotype,
    and all strains carried fimH (encoding Type 1 fimbriae). Thirty strains
    belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and one strain (from Malaysian beef) to group
    A. Agglutination of yeast cells was observed among 29 E. coli O104 strains. Investigation
    of stx2 phage occupancy loci demonstrated that sbcB was occupied in 12
    strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that 7 strains were resistant
    to at least one antimicrobial agent and two were multi-drug resistant. One strain
    carried extended spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M and three carried blaTEM. PFGE-generated DNA profiling showed identical DNA pattern between that of
    one EAEC O104 strain from Thai beef and another from Malaysian beef, indicating
    that these two strains originated from the same clone. This is the first report
    in Thailand describing the presence of EAEC O104 from both Thai and imported
    Malaysian beef and their transfer between both countries. Thorough surveillance
    of this pathogen in fresh meats and vegetables should help to prevent any possible
    outbreak of E. coli O104.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  11. Fulltext In Vitro Evaluations and In Vivo Toxicity and Efficacy Studies of MFM501 against MRSA
    Johari SA, Mohtar M, Syed Mohamad SA, Mohammat MF, Sahdan R, Mohamed A, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:8032865.
    PMID: 28536702 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8032865
    Previously we have discovered a synthetically derived pyrrolidone alkaloid, MFM501, exhibiting good inhibitory activity against 53 MRSA and MSSA isolates with low cytotoxicity against three normal cell-lines with IC50 values at >625 µg/ml. Time-kill assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, in vivo oral acute toxicity test, and mice peritonitis model were carried out in this study. In the time-kill study, MFM501 showed a less than 3 log10 decrease in bacterial colony concentration value (CFU/ml) which represented a bacteriostatic action while displaying a time-dependent inhibitory mechanism. Following that, SEM analysis suggested that MFM501 may exert its inhibitory activity via cytoplasmic membrane disruption. Moreover, MFM501 showed no toxicity effect on treated mice at an estimated median acute lethal dose (LD50) value of more than 300 mg/kg and less than 2000 mg/kg. For the efficacy test, a mean effective dose (ED50) of 87.16 mg/kg was obtained via a single dose oral administration. Our data demonstrated that MFM501 has the potential to be developed further as a new, safe, and effective oral-delivered antibacterial agent against MRSA isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  12. Pleurotus sajor-caju can be used to synthesize silver nanoparticles with antifungal activity against Candida albicans
    Musa SF, Yeat TS, Kamal LZM, Tabana YM, Ahmed MA, El Ouweini A, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2018 Feb;98(3):1197-1207.
    PMID: 28746729 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8573
    BACKGROUND: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become widely practiced worldwide. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using a hot-water extract of the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. The product, PSC-AgNPs, was characterized by using UV-visible spectra, dynamic light scattering analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. To assess its antifungal activity against Candida albicans, gene transcription and protein expression analyses were conducted for CaICL1 and its product, ICL, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively.

    RESULTS: PSC-AgNPs with an average particle size of 11.68 nm inhibited the growth of the pathogenic yeast C. albicans. Values for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration were 250 and 500 mg L-1 , respectively. TEM images revealed that the average particle size of PSC-AgNPs was 16.8 nm, with the values for zeta potential and the polydispersity index being -8.54 mV and 0.137, respectively. XRD and FTIR spectra showed PSC-AgNPs to have a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. The polysaccharides and amino acid residues present in P. sajor-caju extract were found to be involved in reducing Ag+ to AgNP. Both CaICL1 transcription and ICL protein expression were found to be suppressed in the cells treated with PSC-AgNPs as compared with the control.

    CONCLUSION: Our PSC-AgNP preparation makes for a promising antifungal agent that can downregulate isocitrate lyase. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  13. Fulltext Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyridine-Based Derivatives via Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction of Commercially Available 5-Bromo-2-methylpyridin-3-amine: Quantum Mechanical Investigations and Biological Activities
    Ahmad G, Rasool N, Ikram HM, Gul Khan S, Mahmood T, Ayub K, et al.
    Molecules, 2017 Jan 27;22(2).
    PMID: 28134790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020190
    The present study describes palladium-catalyzed one pot Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to synthesize a series of novel pyridine derivatives 2a-2i, 4a-4i. In brief, Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromo-2-methylpyridin-3-amine (1) directly or via N-[5-bromo-2-methylpyridine-3-yl]acetamide (3) with several arylboronic acids produced these novel pyridine derivatives in moderate to good yield. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out for the pyridine derivatives 2a-2i and 4a-4i by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis with the help of GAUSSIAN 09 suite programme. The frontier molecular orbitals analysis, reactivity indices, molecular electrostatic potential and dipole measurements with the help of DFT methods, described the possible reaction pathways and potential candidates as chiral dopants for liquid crystals. The anti-thrombolytic, biofilm inhibition and haemolytic activities of pyridine derivatives were also investigated. In particular, the compound 4b exhibited the highest percentage lysis value (41.32%) against clot formation in human blood among all newly synthesized compounds. In addition, the compound 4f was found to be the most potent against Escherichia coli with an inhibition value of 91.95%. The rest of the pyridine derivatives displayed moderate biological activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  14. Fulltext Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of azadirachtin plant extract (Soluneem (™)) on commonly found root canal pathogenic microorganisms (viz. Enterococcus faecalis) in primary teeth: A microbiological study
    Shah S, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Mohammad S, Trivedi K, Shah SG
    J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2016 Jul-Sep;34(3):210-6.
    PMID: 27461802 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.186741
    AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Soluneem ™ when used as an irrigating solution along with other commonly used irrigating solution sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microorganism used in this study was E. faecalis (Microbial Type Culture Collection 439). Test substance used was Soluneem ™, which was obtained from Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation (VMSRF), Bengaluru. This study was conducted in a microbiology laboratory (Biocare Research India Pvt., Ltd. Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Soluneem ™ (Azadirachtin) on E. faecalis. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed using the macrobroth dilution method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All determinations were performed thrice.

    RESULTS: Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was seen as 2.6% for Soluneem ™ while the same was seen at 0.1% for NaOCl. Independent sample t-test was carried out to compare the MBC of Soluneem ™ and NaOCl, which showed that there was no statistically significant difference between them, i.e., 2.6% Soluneem ™ was as effective as 0.1% NaOCl.

    CONCLUSION: Soluneem ™ showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis at various concentrations. It was also found that the efficacy of Soluneem ™ at 2.6% concentration and above was relatively similar to that of gold standard irrigating solution (NaOCl) on inhibition of E. faecalis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  15. Biochemical synthesis of silver nanoprticles using filamentous fungi Penicillium decumbens (MTCC-2494) and its efficacy against A-549 lung cancer cell line
    Majeed S, Abdullah MS, Dash GK, Ansari MT, Nanda A
    Chin J Nat Med, 2016 Aug;14(8):615-20.
    PMID: 27608951 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(16)30072-3
    Biosynthesis of silver and other metallic nanoparticles is one of the emerging research area in the field of science and technology due to their potentiality, especially in the field of nano-biotechnology and biomedical sciences in order to develop nanomedicine. In our present study, Penicillium decumbens (MTCC-2494) was brought from Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH) Chandigarh and employed for extracellular biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Ag-NPs formation was appeared with a dark brown color inside the conical flask. Characterization of Ag-NPs were done by UV-Spectrophotometric analysis which showed absorption peak at 430 nm determines the presence of nanoparticles, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis, showed amines and amides are the possible proteins involved in the stabilization of nanoparticles as capping agent. Atomic force Microscopy (AFM) confirmed the particle are spherical, size was around 30 to 60 nm and also the roughness of nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed the topology of the nanoparticles and were spherical in shape. The biosynthesis process was found fast, ecofriendly and cost effective. Nano-silver particle was found to have a broad antimicrobial activity and also it showed good enhancement of antimicrobial activity of Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, Cefixime, Amoxicillin, Ofloxacin and Sparfloxacin in a synergistic mode. These Ag-NPs showed good anti-cancer activity at 80 μg·mL(-1)upon 24 hours of incubation and toxicity increases upon 48 hours of incubation against A-549 human lung cancer cell line and the synergistic formulation of the antibiotic with the synthesized nanoparticles was found more effective against the pathogenic bacteria studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  16. Diverse Plasmids Harboring blaCTX-M-15 in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 Isolates from Several Asian Countries
    Kim SY, Ko KS
    Microb Drug Resist, 2019 Mar;25(2):227-232.
    PMID: 30212274 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0020
    To reveal whether an increase of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 isolates is due to clonal dissemination across the countries, plasmids (pHK02-026, pM16-13, pIN03-01, and pTH02-34) were extracted from four K. pneumoniae isolates collected in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia, respectively. Complete sequencing of blaCTX-M-15-carrying plasmids was performed. In addition to the four plasmids, a previously sequenced plasmid (pKP12226) of a K. pneumoniae ST11 isolate from Korea was included in the analysis. While pIN03-01 and pTH02-34, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncX3, showed nearly the same structure, the others of IncF1A or IncFII exhibited very different structures. The number and kinds of antibiotic genes found in the plasmids were also different from each other. Cryptic prophage genes were identified in all five blaCTX-M-15-harboring plasmids from the ST11 isolates; P1-like region in pKP12226, CPZ-55 prophage region in pHK02-026, phage shock operon pspFABCD in pM16-13, and SPBc2 prophage yokD in pIN03-01 and pTH02-34. The plasmids with blaCTX-M-15 in the prevailing K. pneumoniae ST11 isolates in Asian countries might emerge from diverse origins by recombination. The prevalence of CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 clone in Asian countries is not mainly due to the dissemination of a single strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  17. Pharmaceutical waste and antimicrobial resistance
    Ahmad A, Patel I, Khan MU, Babar ZU
    Lancet Infect Dis, 2017 06;17(6):578-579.
    PMID: 28555576 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30268-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  18. Changing drug resistance profile in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection among HIV patients from 2010-2017: A retrospective study
    Swathirajan CR, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2019 03;16:274-277.
    PMID: 30389636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.019
    OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important aetiological agent causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections and bacteraemia. High antibiotic use in nosocomial settings and for immunocompromised conditions results in increasing multidrug resistance. This study analysed the antimicrobial resistance profile of P. aeruginosa isolates in an HIV setting.

    METHODS: A total of 7386 clinical specimens were collected from HIV patients attending YRG CARE from 2010-2017. P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens were identified conventionally, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.

    RESULTS: A total of 260 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated, with 165 P. aeruginosa (63.5%) being isolated from hospitalised patients. A higher incidence of P. aeruginosa infection (25.8%) was observed in 2017, and most of the P. aeruginosa were isolated from sputum specimens (57.3%). A high level of resistance was noted to ceftazidime (49.6%), followed by ticarcillin (41.5%). Imipenem and meropenem resistance was observed in 15.0% and 16.9% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. A high rate of imipenem resistance was noted in 2016 (46.2%) and a high rate of meropenem resistance was noted in 2017 (20.5%). An increasing resistance rate of P. aeruginosa was observed against aztreonam, cefepime, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin and tobramycin from 2010 to 2017.

    CONCLUSION: A constant increase in drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from HIV patients was observed from 2010 to 2017. Findings from this study urge the need for periodical monitoring and surveillance of the P. aeruginosa resistance profile, especially in hospitalised and immunocompromised patients in resource-limited settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  19. The antifungal agent of silver nanoparticles activated by diode laser as light source to reduce C. albicans biofilms: an in vitro study
    Astuti SD, Puspita PS, Putra AP, Zaidan AH, Fahmi MZ, Syahrom A, et al.
    Lasers Med Sci, 2019 Jul;34(5):929-937.
    PMID: 30413898 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2677-4
    Candida albicans is a normal flora caused fungal infections and has the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to improve the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the light source for reducing the biofilm survival of C. albicans. AgNPs were prepared by silver nitrate (AgNO3) and trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7). To determine the antifungal effect of treatments on C. albicans biofilm, samples were distributed into four groups; L + P+ was treatment with laser irradiation and AgNPs; L + P- was treatment with laser irradiation only; L - P+ was treatment with AgNPs only (control positive); L - P- was no treatment with laser irradiation or AgNPs (control negative). The growth of fungi had been monitored by measuring the optical density at 405 nm with ELISA reader. The particle size of AgNPs was measured by using (particle size analyzer) and the zeta potential of AgNPs was measured by using Malvern zetasizer. The PSA test showed that the particle size of AgNPs was distributed between 7.531-5559.644 nm. The zeta potentials were found lower than - 30 mV with pH of 7, 9 or 11. The reduction percentage was analyzed by ANOVA test. The highest reduction difference was given at a lower level irradiation because irradiation with a density energy of 6.13 ± 0.002 J/cm2 resulted in the biofilm reduction of 7.07 ± 0.23% for the sample without AgNPs compared to the sample with AgNPs that increased the biofilm reduction of 64.48 ± 0.07%. The irradiation with a 450-nm light source had a significant fungicidal effect on C. albicans biofilm. The combination of light source and AgNPs provides an increase of biofilm reduction compared to the light source itself.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  20. Fulltext Gold Nanoparticles Conjugation Enhances Antiacanthamoebic Properties of Nystatin, Fluconazole and Amphotericin B
    Anwar A, Siddiqui R, Raza Shah M, Ahmed Khan N
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019 Jan 28;29(1):171-177.
    PMID: 30415525 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1805.05028
    Parasitic infections have remained a significant burden on human and animal health. In part, this is due to lack of clinically-approved, novel antimicrobials and a lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. An alternative approach is to modify existing clinically-approved drugs for efficient delivery formulations to ensure minimum inhibitory concentration is achieved at the target site. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through modification of nanoparticles with ligands. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole are clinically available drugs in the treatment of amoebal and fungal infections. These drugs were conjugated with gold nanoparticles. To characterize these gold-conjugated drug, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. These drugs and their gold nanoconjugates were examined for antimicrobial activity against the protist pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Moreover, host cell cytotoxicity assays were accomplished. Cytotoxicity of these drugs and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles was also determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Gold nanoparticles conjugation resulted in enhanced bioactivity of all three drugs with amphotericin B producing the most significant effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii (p ＜ 0.05). In contrast, bare gold nanoparticles did not exhibit antimicrobial potency. Furthermore, amoebae treated with drugs-conjugated gold nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. In this report, we demonstrated the use of nanotechnology to modify existing clinically-approved drugs and enhance their efficacy against pathogenic amoebae. Given the lack of development of novel drugs, this is a viable approach in the treatment of neglected diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links