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Fulltext DSM-IV-defined anxiety disorder symptoms in a middle-childhood-aged group of Malaysian children using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale

Ahmadi A, Mustaffa MS, Udin A, Haghdoost A

Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 2016 03 18;38(1):14-22.
PMID: 27007941 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0027

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders in the middle-childhood age group. The purpose of this study is to assess anxiety disorder symptoms, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), in a large community sample of low socioeconomic level rural children and to investigate some of the psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct and convergent validity and items rated as often or always experienced) of the Malay version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - Child version (SCAS-C).
METHOD: Six hundred children aged 9-11 and 424 of their parents completely answered the child or parent versions of the SCAS.
RESULTS: Results indicated that the internal reliability of subscales were moderate to adequate. Significant correlations between child and parent reports supported the measure's concurrent validity. Additionally, anxiety levels in this Malaysian sample were lower than among South-African children and higher than among their Western peers. There were both similarities and differences between symptom items reported as often or always experienced by Malaysian students and by children from other cultures. Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence of the existence of five inter-correlated factors for anxiety disorders based on SCAS-C.
CONCLUSION: Although some of the instrument's psychometric properties deviated from those observed in some other countries, it nevertheless appears to be useful for assessing childhood anxiety symptoms in this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature in an aged population in South China

Chen H, Lin H, Lin Z, Chen J, Chen W

BMC Ophthalmol, 2016 May 01;16(1):47.
PMID: 27138378 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0221-5

BACKGROUND: Ocular biometry is important for preoperative assessment in cataract and anterior segment surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate normative ocular biometric parameters and their associations in an older Chinese population.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study. From 2013 to 2014, we recruited inhabitants aged 50 years or older in Guangzhou, China. Among 1,117 participants in the study, data from 1,015 phakic right eyes were used for analyses. Ocular parameters including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and corneal curvature (K) were measured using an IOL Master.
RESULTS: The mean AL, ACD, and K were 23.48 mm [95 % confidence interval (CI), 23.40-23.55], 3.03 mm (CI, 3.01-3.05), and 44.20 mm (CI, 44.11-44.29), respectively. A mean reduction in ACD with age was observed (P = 0.002) in male subjects but not in female subjects (P = 0.558). Male subjects had significantly longer ALs (23.68 mm versus 23.23 mm, P sex were the most consistent predictors of ocular biometry in the older population from South China.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Overweight, obesity and associated factors among 13-15 years old students in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations member countries, 2007-2014

Pengpid S, Peltzer K

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2016 Mar;47(2):250-62.
PMID: 27244964

The aim of this study was to assess overweight or obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. The analysis included 30,284 school children 13-15 years of age from seven ASEAN members participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2007 and 2013. The overall prevalence of overweight or obesity across seven ASEAN countries (excluding Brunei) was 9.9%, significantly higher in boys (11.5%) than in girls (8.3%). Among eight ASEAN countries, the highest prevalence of overweight or obesity was in Brunei Darus-salam (36.1%), followed by Malaysia (23.7%), and the lowest was in Myanmar (3.4%) and Cambodia (3.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that younger age, coming from an upper middle country, never been hungry, and not walking or biking to school were associated with overweight or obesity. In addition, among boys, having three or more servings of vegetables per day and having no close friends, and among girls, having fast foods two or more times per week, been victims of bullying and having peer support were additional factors associated with overweight or obesity. Increased strategies utilizing a number of the risk factors identified are needed to prevent and treat overweight or obesity in adolescents in ASEAN member countries.
Study name: Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Wide range of body composition measures are associated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults

Won H, Abdul Manaf Z, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S

Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2017 Apr;17(4):554-560.
PMID: 27231255 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12753

AIM: Studies of the association between body composition, both body fat and body muscle, and cognitive function are rarely reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between a wide range of body composition measures with cognitive function in older adults.
METHODS: A total of 2322 Malaysian older adults aged 60 years and older were recruited using multistage random sampling in a population-based cross-sectional study. Out of 2322 older adults recruited, 2309 (48% men) completed assessments on cognitive function and body composition. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Malay version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Bahasa Malaysia version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Digit Span Test, Digit Symbol Test and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Body composition included body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference, calf circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, percentage body fat and skeletal muscle mass.
RESULTS: The association between body composition and cognitive functions was analyzed using multiple linear regression. After adjustment for age, education years, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, depression, smoking status and alcohol consumption, we found that calf circumference appeared as a significant predictor for all cognitive tests among both men and women (P

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext High resolution melting analysis of the NR1I3 genetic variants: Is there an association with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?

Cheung TP, Van Rostenberghe H, Ismail R, Nawawi NN, Abdullah NA, Ramli N, et al.

Gene, 2015 Dec 1;573(2):198-204.
PMID: 26188155 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.045

Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) encoded by the nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 (NR1I3) gene regulates the elimination of bilirubin through activating the components of the bilirubin clearance pathway. Hence, NR1I3 genetic variants may affect bilirubin metabolism and result in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Thus far, research which investigates the association between NR1I3 variants and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has not been undertaken in any population. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of MPJ6_1I3008 (rs10157822), IVS8+116T>G (rs4073054) and 540A>G (rs2307424) on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia development in the Malay population. Buccal swabs were collected from 232 hyperbilirubinemia and 277 control term newborns with gestational age ≥37weeks and birth weight ≥2500g. The NR1I3 variants were genotyped by using high resolution melting (HRM) assays and verified by DNA sequencing. Gender, mode of delivery and birth weight did not differ between hyperbilirubinemia and control groups. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of MPJ6_1I3008, IVS8+116T>G and 540A>G were not significantly different between the groups. However, stratification by gender revealed a significant inverse association between homozygous variant genotype of MPJ6_1I3008 and risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the females (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.95; p=0.034). This study demonstrates that the homozygous variant genotype of MPJ6_1I3008 was associated with a significant reduced risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the females.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Personal continuity of care in a university-based primary care practice: impact on blood pressure control

Hanafi NS, Abdullah A, Lee PY, Liew SM, Chia YC, Khoo EM

PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0134030.
PMID: 26214304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134030

Continuity of care is an important quality outcome of patient care. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personal continuity and blood pressure (BP) control among the patients with hypertension in an academic primary care centre. Between January and May 2012, we conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients with hypertension who had been followed up for at least 1 year in the Primary Care Clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. In this setting, doctors who provided care for hypertension included postgraduate family medicine trainees, non-trainee doctors and academic staff. Systematic random sampling (1:4) was used for patient selection. BP control was defined as less than 130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes mellitus, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease and less than 140/90 mm Hg for all other patients. Continuity of care was assessed using the usual provider continuity index (UPCI), which is the ratio of patient visits to the usual provider to the total number of visits to all providers in 1 year. A UPC index of zero denotes no continuity while an index of one reflects perfect continuity with only the usual provider. We reviewed a total of 1060 medical records. The patients' mean age was 62.0 years (SD 10.4). The majority was women (59.2%) and married (85.7%). The mean number of visits in a year was 3.85 (SD 1.36). A total of 72 doctors had provided consultations (55 postgraduate family medicine trainees, 8 non-trainee doctors and 9 academic staff). The mean UPCI was 0.43 (SD 0.34). Target BP was achieved in 42% of the patients. There was no significant relationship between BP control and personal continuity after adjustment for total number of visits. Continuity of care was not associated with BP control in our centre. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for this.

Study site: Primary care clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Current status of imported parasitic infection among foreign workers in northern Taiwan (1999-2000)

Fan PC, Chung WC, Chen ER

Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci., 2001 Oct;17(10):503-8.
PMID: 11831113 DOI: 10.6452/KJMS.200110.0503

In the present study, a simple, economic and practical technique was employed for stool examination. Of a total of 6,146 fecal samples from foreign workers in Northern Taiwan between 1999 and 2000 were examined, 615 were found to be positive for parasitic infection and the overall infection rate was 10%. Newly arriving foreign workers had a significantly higher infection rate (15%) than those who had worked in Taiwan for 6-12 months (8%). The foreign workers came from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Except for the small number of workers from Malaysia which was not included, the infection rate order by nationality was Vietnamese (21%) > Indonesian (13%) > Philippino (10%) > Thai (4%). The female examined workers were about 3-fold of males and their infection rate (11%) was also significantly higher than the males (5%). The order of rates by age was 20-30 years (11%) > 31-40 years (8%) > 41-50 years (5%). According to the species of parasites, 569 foreign workers were infected with 1 species (9%) > with 2 species (0.7%) > with 3 species (0.1%). Totally, 14 species (10 helminths including 1 plant nematode, Heterodera and 4 protozoa; hookworm might include 2 or 3 species, but counted as one species here) were found, of which 10 species were pathogenic (9 helminths and 1 protozoa) and 4 non-pathogenic. Foreign workers from Indonesia harbored 12 species of parasites > from the Philippines, 9 species > from Thailand, 8 species > from Vietnam, 7 species.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Drug and chemical poisoning admissions at a teaching hospital in Malaysia

Ab Rahman AF

Hum Exp Toxicol, 2002 Jul;21(7):377-81.
PMID: 12269700

A retrospective review of medical records was carried out to determine the pattern of drug and chemical poisoning cases admitted to a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Medical records of patients admitted during the period January 1987 to December 1995 were reviewed. They accounted for 0.2% of total admissions during the period. While all ages were represented, there was predominance of children, which showed little change throughout the nine-year period. Of all cases of poisoning, 77.8% were unintentional, 12.6% intentional and 9.6% were undetermined. Kerosene, pesticides and medicinal substances remained the common agents associated with poisoning. A significant number of patients sought treatment elsewhere before being admitted to the hospital. Of those who came directly to the hospital, many were presented late in the course of their poisoning. Only seven patients died and none were children. This study supports the need for greater emphasis on prevention of poisoning in children and among farmers in the state.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Fulltext Clinical features of malaria in Orang Asli population in Pos Piah, Malaysia

Norhayati M, Rohani AK, Hayati MIN, Halimah AS, Sharom MY, Zainah Abidin AH, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):271-4.
PMID: 11732070

A malaria survey was conducted to examine the presence of common clinical features of malaria in individuals living in an endemic area of malaria. The overall infection rate was 11.0% with 7.5% and 3.5% infected with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum respectively. The mean parasitaemia level of both species was 2905.9 parasites/microliter blood, with the mean parasitaemia level of P. vivax and P. falciparum at 682.7 parasites/microliter blood and 6981.7 parasites/microliter blood respectively. The infection rates were higher in the younger age group. Hepatomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and clinical anaemia were significantly associated with malaria. None of the patients were febrile. In conclusion, in low endemic areas, the presence of clinical anaemia, hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly in afebrile individuals could be considered as useful criteria for the presence of asymptomatic parasitaemia. It is important to carry out laboratory diagnostic investigations, to ensure all the asymptomatic parasitaemia which act as reservoirs are detected and treated.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Fulltext Epidemiology of head injury in Malaysian children: a hospital-based study

Rohana J, Ong LC, Abu Hassan AA

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):217-22.
PMID: 10968156

A prospective observational study was carried out at the Emergency Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur to determine the proportion of accidental head injury among children and the circumstances of injury. The study was carried out from November 1993 to January 1994 on all children below 14 years who presented to the Emergency Department with accidental head injury. Accidental head injury made up (4.75%) of all cases seen at the Casualty Department. The ratio of boys to girls was 2:1. The mean age of head injured children was 5.2 (S.D. 3.63) years. The leading cause of head injury was fall (63%) followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) in (30.7%) while the rest were due to 'impact' (injury caused by flying object or missiles) injuries. More than half (54.4%) of those injured in RTA were pedestrians. Pedestrian injury was particularly important in the 5-< 14 years age group, where adult supervision was lacking in two thirds of the children. None of the patients who were involved in vehicle-related injuries had used a suitable protective or restraining device. All three patients who died were from this group. This study emphasises the need for stricter enforcement of laws related to the use of protective devices and measures to decrease child pedestrian injury. The issues of lack of adult supervision, both in and outside the home need to be addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Stroke epidemiological data of nine Asian countries. Asian Acute Stroke Advisory Panel (AASAP)

J Med Assoc Thai, 2000 Jan;83(1):1-7.
PMID: 10710862

To study the existing stroke epidemiology of nine Asian countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Trends and ethnic differences in hospital admissions and mortality for congestive heart failure in the elderly in Singapore, 1991 to 1998

Ng TP, Niti M

Heart, 2003 Aug;89(8):865-70.
PMID: 12860859

To describe trends in hospital admissions and mortality from congestive heart failure in the elderly population aged 65 years and over in Singapore, 1991 to 1998.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Hip fracture incidence rates in Singapore 1991-1998

Koh LK, Saw SM, Lee JJ, Leong KH, Lee J, National Working Committee on Osteoporosis

Osteoporos Int, 2001;12(4):311-8.
PMID: 11420781

In this population-based study, we determined the incidence rates of hip fracture among Singapore residents aged 50 years and above. Information was obtained from a centralized database system which captured admissions with the primary diagnosis of a closed hip fracture (ICD-9 codes 820, 820.0, 820.2 and 820.8, n = 12,927) from all health care establishments in the country from 1991 to 1998 inclusive. After removing duplicates, hospital transfers, readmissions and non-acute care admissions, the total number of hip fractures was 9406. Based on the national population census 1990 (n = 464,100) and yearly population estimates, the age-adjusted hip fracture rates for 1991-1998 (per 100,000) were 152 in men and 402 in women. This was 1.5 and over 5 times higher than corresponding rates in the 1960s. From 1991 to 1998, these hip fracture rates tended to increase by 0.7% annually in men and by 1.2% annually in women. Among the three major racial groups, in men, the Chinese had significantly higher age-adjusted hip fracture rates (per 100,000): 168 (95% confidence interval (CI) 158-178) compared with 128 (95% CI 105-152) for Indians and 71 (95% CI 54-88) for Malays. A similar pattern occurred in women: 410 (95% CI 395-425), for Chinese compared with 361 (95% CI 290-432) for Indians and 264 (95% CI 225-303) for Malays. Since the 1960s, the main increases in hip fracture rates have been seen in the Chinese and Malays, with the rates in Indians appearing to decrease. Hip fracture incidence rates in Singapore have risen rapidly over the past 30-40 years, particularly in women, and are now among the highest in Asia. Significant racial differences in hip fracture rates occur within the same community. Time trends in hip fracture rates differed between races.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Fulltext Epidemiology of aplastic anaemia in the state of Sabah, Malaysia

Yong ASM, Goh AS, Rahman M, Menon J, Purushothaman V

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):59-62.
PMID: 10968139

Aplastic anaemia is a rare disease which is more prevalent in the Far East. In Malaysia, it appears to be unusually common in the state of Sabah. A retrospective analysis of all cases of aplastic anaemia diagnosed between January 1993 and March 1996 was undertaken. The criteria of the International Aplastic Anaemia and Agranulocytosis Study (IAAAS) was used. In this 39 month period, 31 cases were confirmed by marrow trephine biopsy to be aplastic anaemia. The male-to-female ratio was 3.4. Median age of diagnosis was 23 years. There were 24 patients (77%) who were from the Kadazan-Dusun ethnic group, which forms 18% of the population of Sabah. The incidence of aplastic anaemia in Sabah appears to be higher than that reported elsewhere in the Far East, at 4.8 per million population per year. Peak incidence is in the elderly group at 8.6 per million followed by a second peak in young people aged 15 to 24 (7.9 per million). The aplastic anaemia to total acute leukaemia ratio is 0.37. The marked male preponderance and apparent susceptibility of the Kadazan-Dusun people are also notable. A further prospective study to address the true incidence of aplastic anaemia and possible aetiologic factors accounting for these observations is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Local versus WHO/International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders-recommended thyroid volume reference in the assessment of iodine deficiency disorders

Foo LC, Zulfiqar A, Nafikudin M, Fadzil MT, Asmah AS

Eur. J. Endocrinol., 1999 Jun;140(6):491-7.
PMID: 10366404

Iodine deficiency endemia is defined by the goitre prevalence and the median urinary iodine concentration in a population. Lack of local thyroid volume reference data may bring many health workers to use the European-based WHO/International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD)-recommended reference for the assessment of goitre prevalence in children in different developing countries. The present study was conducted in non-iodine-deficient areas in Malaysia to obtain local children's normative thyroid volume reference data, and to compare their usefulness with those of the WHO/ICCIDD-recommended reference for the assessment of iodine-deficiency disorders (IDD) in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Peak expiratory flow rate in elderly Malaysians

Srinivas P, Chia YC, Poi PJH, Ebrahim S

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):11-21.
PMID: 10971999

An epidemiological survey was conducted among 1,414 healthy ambulatory elderly persons aged 55 years and above in the Kuala Langat district, Selangor. The relationship between peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), demographic variables, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol use and respiratory symptoms were examined. The peak expiratory flow declined with age and were lower in women of all ages. Smoking had a modest effect on PEFR in men but not on PEFR in women. The combination of respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm and wheeze were related to lower PEFR values. Prediction equations are presented derived from the population sample which may be of assistance in assessing observed to expected ratios among elderly people in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Compliance of proper safety helmet usage in motorcyclists

Kulanthayan S, Umar RS, Hariza HA, Nasir MTM, Harwant S

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):40-4.
PMID: 11072489 MyJurnal

Motorcyclists make up the largest group of fatalities on Malaysian roads, majority succumbing to head injuries despite the compulsory safety helmet laws in the country. One possible reason for this high fatality is improper usage of safety helmets. This study examines the compliance of proper safety helmet use in motorcyclists in a typical Malaysian town. Five hundred motorcyclists were studied. Only 54.4% of motorcyclists used helmets properly, 21.4% used them improperly; and 24.2% did not wear helmets. Six variables were found to be significant in improper safety helmet use. They were age, gender, race, formal education level, prior accident experience and type of license held. Marital status and riding experience were not significant. Efforts promoting proper use of safety helmets should focus on the young, male, less formally educated, unlicensed rider, who has had a prior accident.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Distribution of body weight, height and body mass index in a national sample of Malaysian adults

Lim TO, Ding LM, Zaki M, Suleiman AB, Fatimah S, Siti S, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):108-28.
PMID: 11072496 MyJurnal

We describe the distribution of body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) by age, sex and ethnicity in Malaysian adults. A national sample of 28,737 individuals aged 20 or older had usable data. They were selected by stratified 2-stage cluster sampling. Percentile tables and curves by age, sex and ethnicity are presented. The body weight and BMI distributions were right skewed, while that of height was symmetrical. BMI distribution showed the expected increase with age, while that of height decrease with age. Differences in BMI between the 2 sexes and among the 4 ethnic groups were observed. Indian had the highest BMI, followed by Malay, Chinese and other indigenous ethnic group.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Distribution of blood glucose in a national sample of Malaysian adults

Lim TO, Ding LM, Zaki M, Suleiman AB, Kew ST, Maimunah AH, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):65-77.
PMID: 11072493 MyJurnal

We describe the distribution of capillary blood glucose (BG) by age, sex and ethnicity in Malaysian adults. A national sample of 20,041 individuals aged 30 or older had usable data. They were selected by stratified 2-stage cluster sampling. BG was measured using reflectance photometer. Percentile tables and curves by age, sex and ethnicity are presented. The BG distribution was right skewed and showed the expected increase with age. Except in Indian, women had higher BG than men. There were also marked ethnic differences. Indian had the highest BG concentration, followed by Chinese, Malay and other indigenous ethnic group.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Distribution of blood total cholesterol in a national sample of Malaysian adults

Lim TO, Ding LM, Zaki M, Suleiman AB, Kew ST, Ismail M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):78-89.
PMID: 11072494 MyJurnal

We describe the distribution of capillary blood total cholesterol (BC) by age, sex and ethnicity in Malaysian adults. A national sample of 20,041 individuals aged 30 or older had usable data. They were selected by stratified 2-stage cluster sampling. BC was measured using reflectance photometer. Percentile tables and curves by age, sex and ethnicity are presented. The BC distribution was right skewed and showed the expected increase with age. There were ethnic differences. Malay had the highest BC concentration, followed by Indian, Chinese and other indigenous ethnic group. However, for all ethnic groups, BC concentrations were low in comparison those prevailing in Western populations.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics

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