METHODS: Relative mortality and mortality rate advancement periods (RAPs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models for the population-based prospective cohort studies from Europe and the U.S. (CHANCES [Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the U.S.]), and subsequently pooled by individual participant meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed from June 2013 to March 2014.
RESULTS: A total of 489,056 participants aged ≥60 years at baseline from 22 population-based cohort studies were included. Overall, 99,298 deaths were recorded. Current smokers had 2-fold and former smokers had 1.3-fold increased mortality compared with never smokers. These increases in mortality translated to RAPs of 6.4 (95% CI=4.8, 7.9) and 2.4 (95% CI=1.5, 3.4) years, respectively. A clear positive dose-response relationship was observed between number of currently smoked cigarettes and mortality. For former smokers, excess mortality and RAPs decreased with time since cessation, with RAPs of 3.9 (95% CI=3.0, 4.7), 2.7 (95% CI=1.8, 3.6), and 0.7 (95% CI=0.2, 1.1) for those who had quit <10, 10 to 19, and ≥20 years ago, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoking remains as a strong risk factor for premature mortality in older individuals and cessation remains beneficial even at advanced ages. Efforts to support smoking abstinence at all ages should be a public health priority.
METHODS: Using the National Diabetes Registry (2011-2020), we analyzed data for 221,769 adult Malaysians with T2D.We used quantile regressions to estimate the association of sex, age, and their interaction on HbA1clevels at the 5th, 50th, and 95thpercentile and logistic regression to estimate the odds of good control (HbA1c
METHODS: This study used data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Malaysia. Participants involved were older people aged 60 years and above. Data collected were on dementia risk factors as well as dementia screening. Dementia screening was done using the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans cognitive screening tool. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were carried out to determine the factors associated with dementia.
RESULTS: There were 3774 participants involved in this study. Multiple logistic regression showed factors associated with dementia among older people were those aged 70 years and above, Indian ethnic group, being single, primary or no formal education, as well as those with hypertension. Interestingly, our findings also showed that older people with hypercholesterolemia have lower odds of having dementia.
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors were associated with dementia in Malaysia, highlighting the need to implement multiple interventions strategies, by taking a lifetime approach emphasizing education, physical as well as social aspects.
METHODS: A six-year retrospective review at our institution on adult patients with TB and malignant-PPL diagnosed from rEBUS procedure from October 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022. Clinical, radiological, procedural, histological and microbiological data were extracted and analysed.
RESULTS: 387 PPLs were included in our cohort, 32 % were TB-PPL and 68 % were malignant-PPL. The median age was 63 (IQR 55-70) years, with the TB-PPL group significantly younger. The median size of the target lesion was 2.90 (IQR 2.26-4.00) cm. The overall rEBUS diagnostic yield was 85.3 %, with a 1.3 % pneumothorax risk. Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors for TB-PPL, including age <60 years (adj OR 2.635), target lesion size <2 cm (adj OR 2.385), upper lobe location (adj OR 2.020), presence of a cavity on pre-procedural CT (adj OR 4.186), and presence of rEBUS bronchogram (adj OR 2.722). These variables achieved an area under the curve of 0.729 (95 % CI 0.673-0.795) with a diagnostic accuracy of 75.49 % (95 % CI 70.68-79.88).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite non-specific radiological findings in TB-PPL, our study identifies younger age, target lesion size less than 2 cm, upper lobe location, the presence of cavitation, and rEBUS bronchogram were independent clinical predictors for TB-PPL. This prediction model potentially helps mitigate the risk of accidental TB exposure during bronchoscopic procedures. A future prospective cohort study to validate these findings is essential to allow proper triaging of patient planning for rEBUS procedure.
METHODS: Ninety-eight healthy volunteers were recruited. SWE was performed on quadriceps, suprapatellar, infrapatellar, and Achilles entheses. The stiffness measurements were measured in shear wave velocity (SWV).
RESULTS: Mann-Whitney test revealed insignificant difference in SWV among gender. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant difference in SWV between left and right Achilles entheses. Spearman correlation test revealed moderate negative correlation between SWV and age group in quadriceps (ρ, -0.45, P
METHODS AND RESULTS: We used 2010 to 2018 ambulatory visit data from children aged 2 to 12 years within CAPRICORN (Chicago Area Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Network), an electronic health record network in Chicago. This study included 87 549 children who attended 197 559 well-child encounters. Across all encounters, children were 51.5% male and mean (SD) age 6.4 (3.3) years. For each child who attended a well-child visit and met age and/or risk-based criteria, receipt of body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, and/or hemoglobin A1c or fasting blood glucose measurements were assessed. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate proportion adherence for each metric overall and stratified by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance status. Universal age-based screening prevalence (95% CI) per 100 eligible visits was 77.1 (76.8-77.3) for body mass index, 33.4 (33.1-33.7) for blood pressure, and 9.6 (9.3-9.9) for lipids. Risk-based screening prevalence (95% CI) per 100 eligible visits was 13.9 (12.2-15.9) for blood pressure, 6.9 (6.4-7.5) for lipids, and 13.3 (12.6-14.1) for blood glucose.
CONCLUSIONS: Early screening of cardiovascular health risk factors could lead to earlier interventions, which could alter cardiovascular health trajectories across the lifetime. Low-to-moderate levels of adherence to universal age-based and risk-based cardiovascular health screening highlight the gap between recommendations and clinical practice, emphasizing the need to understand and address barriers to screening in pediatric populations.