Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 171 in total

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  1. Determination of aflatoxins in rice from Penang, Malaysia by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and LC-MS/MS
    Salim SA, Baharudin NH, Ibrahim NS, Abd Ghani Z, Ismail MN
    Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2024 May;41(5):563-574.
    PMID: 38527182 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2329614
    Rice is one of the crops cultivated in Malaysia, and it is the main diet for most of the population. In this study, dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to develop, optimise and validate a reliable, easy-to-use and quick approach to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The extraction recoveries in DLLME were enhanced by the addition of 5% salt, utilising chloroform as the extraction solvent and acetonitrile as the dispersive solvent. The DLLME parameters - the extraction solvent volume, salt concentration and dispersive solvent volume were optimised with Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimised experimental conditions, excellent linearity was obtained with a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.125 to 0.25 ng g-1, a limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranging from 0.25 to 0.3 ng g-1 and a correlation value (R2) of 0.990. The matrix effects were between -11.1% and 19.9%, and recoveries ranged from 87.4% to 117.3%. The optimised and validated method was used effectively to assess aflatoxins contamination in 20 commercial rice samples collected from local supermarkets in Penang, Malaysia. AFB1 was detected at 0.41-0.43 ng g-1 in two rice samples, below the regulatory limit.
  2. Subclinical atherosclerosis among rheumatoid arthritis patients without overt cardiovascular risk factors
    Sahari NS, Shaharir SS, Ismail MR, Rajalingham S, Mohamed Said MS
    Mod Rheumatol, 2014 Nov;24(6):920-5.
    PMID: 24645724 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.891497
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the associated factors of subclinical atherosclerosis measured with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients without any overt traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.
    METHODS: Forty RA patients with matched age and gender healthy controls were recruited. Carotid ultrasound was performed to all subjects. CIMT was considered to be abnormally thickened if it was more than the 75th percentile matched for age and sex reference values. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between the sociodemographics and disease characteristics of RA with thickened CIMT.
    RESULTS: Abnormally thickened CIMT were observed in 11 RA patients (27.5%) and in 4 control subjects (10%), p = 0.04. It was highly prevalent among RA patients with active disease (54.5% vs 17.2%), p = 0.02. Patients with thickened CIMT also tend to have erosive disease, p = 0.06. Seropositive rheumatoid factor (RF) patients also had significantly higher CIMT values as compared with sero-negative patients, p = 0.03. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that active disease was independently associated with thickened CIMT.
    CONCLUSIONS: RA patients are at risk for subclinical atherosclerosis despite absence of traditional CV risk co morbidities and active disease was the independent factor associated with it.
    KEYWORDS: Atherosclerosis; Carotid intima media thickness; Disease activity; Rheumatoid arthritis
    Study site: Rheumatology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  3. Fulltext Penilaian keberkesanan projek-projek obesiti 2010 yang dibiayai oleh lembaga promosi kesihatan Malaysia
    Ruzita Abdul Talib, Chan, Choon Li, Ismail Mohd Noor, S, Thavaraj
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2013;11(1):49-53.
    MyJurnal
    Prevalens obesiti di Malaysia telah meningkat dengan mendadak sejak dua dekad yang lalu. Oleh itu, usaha untuk menangani masalah ini menjadi semakin penting. Objektif umum kajian hirisan lintang ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan projek obesiti yang dijalankan oleh NGOs yang dibiayai oleh Lembaga Promosi Kesihatan Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, data sekunder dari laporan akhir 22 buah projek obesiti telah dianalisiskan untuk menilai keberkesanannya. Maklumat dalam laporan akhir projek telah dimasukkan ke dalam borang penilaian formatif yang disediakan oleh pihak LPKM. Keberkesanan projek ditentukan melalui tahap pencapaian indikator RE-AIM dengan menggunakan 21 indikator berasaskan Model RE-AIM yang telah disahkan. Projek yang mencapaikan 15 hingga 21 indikator dikirakan mempunyai kualiti tinggi, 8 hingga 14 indikator dikirakan kualiti sederhana dan 0 hingga 7 indikator dikategorikan sebagai kualiti rendah. Dengan menggunakan ujian Cohen’s Kappa untuk menilai reliabiliti antara penyelidik terhadap 21 indikator RE-AIM, didapati bahawa terdapat persetujuan yang tinggi antara 2 penyelidik (k = 0.868). Daripada 22 buah projek obesiti yang dikaji, tiada projek yang mempunyai kualiti tinggi, 21 projek didapati mempunyai kualiti yang sederhana dan 1 projek mempunyai kualiti yang rendah. Tiada perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap peratusan pencapaian indikator RE-AIM antara tempoh projek menurut ujian T tidak berpasangan (P > 0.05). Berdasarkan kepada saringan kesihatan yang dijalankan terhadap 1982 orang peserta, 333 (16.8%) orang didapati mempunyai masalah berlebihan berat badan dan 354 (17.9%) orang adalah obes. Kesimpulannya, majoriti projek telah dilaksanakan dengan berjaya. Namun, kajian lanjut disarankan untuk memantau perubahan gaya hidup yang mungkin dapat mengurangkan prevalens obesiti di komuniti di mana projek telah dijalankan.


  4. Fulltext Dataset for assessing the efficiency factors in Malaysian ports: Dry bulk terminal
    Rozar NM, Razik MA, Sidik MH, Kamarudin S, Ismail MR, Azid A, et al.
    Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105858.
    PMID: 32637478 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105858
    This research paper provides for the identification of dry bulk terminal efficiencies on the basis of 10 key performance factors in Malaysian ports. Data were collected from 18 dry bulk ports in Malaysia in 2017 through an online questionnaire and distributed via e-mail. The dispersion of the respondents corresponds approximately to the structure of the Malaysian maritime terminal in dry bulk. The data provides port management perceptions towards 10 variables that have been surveyed. Each perception assessed the level of efficiency factors based on a percentage rate of 100%. Efficiency factors in dry bulk terminals have been identified with varying characteristics based on a descriptive analysis table. The dataset presented consists of a brief analysis of all 10 variables involved, including the minimum, maximum, mean, interquartile median and standard deviation. In addition to the descriptive analysis, the normality test and histogram were also performed. Data can be used to measure ports-efficiency factors in another research.
  5. Fulltext Thyroid carcinoma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
    Rohaizak M, Jasmi AY, Ismail MA, Munchar MJ, Meah FA
    Asian J Surg, 2003 Jul;26(3):183-5.
    PMID: 12925296 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60381-X
    There has been a growing awareness of the association between papillary thyroid carcinoma and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The cases of four young patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma occurring with FAP are presented. Three patients underwent surgery to provide specimens for detailed histological examination. The surgical specimens showed well-encapsulated multicentric tumours exhibiting a predominantly papillary architectural growth pattern. In some areas, follicular architecture and cribriform patterns were noted. Atypical areas of spindle cells in a trabecular or solid configuration, which are not normally seen in classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, were evident. Malignant cells exhibited a graduation of cuboidal to tall cells with abundant amphophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei did not exhibit the typical nuclear clearing as seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma, but nuclear grooving and inclusions were noted. Psammoma bodies were not seen in any of the specimens. In a limited review of these patients, features such as young age at presentation, multicentricity and unusual histology suggest that thyroid carcinoma associated with FAP may represent a distinct form of thyroid cancer.
  6. Fulltext Investigation of the synergistic effect of nonionic surfactants on emulsion resolution using response surface methodology
    Raya SA, Saaid IM, Mohd Aji AQ, A Razak AA
    RSC Adv, 2022 Oct 27;12(48):30952-30961.
    PMID: 36349040 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04816g
    The production of crude oil is always accompanied by water production, which may create severe separation problems. It is important to understand the stabilization mechanism and parameters contributing to the formation of emulsion, specifically the synergy mixing of surfactants. These factors have not been studied primarily in previous studies. The main objective of the current work was to assess the influence of synergy mixing of nonionic surfactants, sorbitan monooleate (hexitol) and polysorbate 80 (glycol), which are mainly affecting the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Several factors, such as the mixing rate, mixing time, and aging time of the studied emulsions were also investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM), and central composite design (CCD) were employed to design the experiments. Emulsion stability was measured through a static bottle test over a range of time (1-7 days) at a temperature of 60 °C. A model was established with a coefficient of determination value at 0.8814 and the highest emulsion stability achieved was 42.83%. The least water separation was observed at 0.5 v/v% hexitol, 1.5 v/v% glycol, 15 000 rpm mixing rate in 5 minutes, and seven-day ageing time to achieve ∼41.56% emulsion stability. The minimum emulsion stability of ∼25.0% was observed using 0.5 v/v% of sorbitan monooleate and polysorbate 80 at 5000 rpm of mixing rate in 15 min and under seven days of observation. The results also revealed that the mixing time and ageing time do not affect the stability of the prepared emulsions. Hexitol, mixing rate, synergy mixing of nonionic surfactants and polysorbate 80, and mixing speed significantly influence emulsion stability. The R 2 value of 88.14% verified that the model is well-fitted and the optimal values for the input variables were successfully obtained using RSM.
  7. An Empirical Analysis of Sacha Inchi (Plantae: Plukenetia volubilis L.) Seed Proteins and Their Applications in the Food and Biopharmaceutical Industries
    Rashid MHU, Yi EKJ, Amin NDM, Ismail MN
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2023 Nov 18.
    PMID: 37979081 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04783-5
    Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a plant native in the Amazon rainforest in South America known for its edible seeds, which are rich in lipids, proteins, vitamin E, polyphenols, minerals, and amino acids. Rural communities in developing nations have been using this plant for its health benefits, including as a topical cream for rejuvenating and revitalising skin and as a treatment for muscle pain and rheumatism. Although Sacha Inchi oil has been applied topically to soften skin, treat skin diseases, and heal wounds, its protein-rich seeds have not yet received proper attention for extensive investigation. Proteins in Sacha Inchi seeds are generally known to have antioxidant and antifungal activities and are extensively used nowadays in making protein-rich food alternatives worldwide. Notably, large-scale use of seed proteins has begun in nanoparticle and biofusion technologies related to the human health-benefitting sector. To extract and identify their proteins, the current study examined Sacha Inchi seeds collected from the Malaysian state of Kedah. Our analysis revealed a protein concentration of 73.8 ± 0.002 mg/g of freeze-dried seed flour. Employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and PEAKS studio analysis, we identified 217 proteins in the seed extract, including 152 with known proteins and 65 unknown proteins. This study marks a significant step towards comprehensively investigating the protein composition of Sacha Inchi seeds and elucidating their potential applications in the food and biopharmaceutical sectors. Our discoveries not only enhance our knowledge of Sacha Inchi's nutritional characteristics but also pave the way for prospective research and innovative advancements in the realms of functional food and health-related domains.
  8. Land characteristics and land suitability assessment for Styrax sp. in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
    Rahmawaty, Ismail MH, Rauf A, Batubara R, Elena Sitorus EW, Simamora Z, et al.
    Heliyon, 2023 Jul;9(7):e16936.
    PMID: 37539247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16936
    Styrax sp. is a valuable latex-producing plant in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, which requires sustainable land use practices to maintain its production and ecological value. This study aimed to assess the land characteristics and suitability of Styrax sp. in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province, to support the development of sustainable land use practices for the cultivation of this plant. The study employed a survey method to collect soil samples and evaluated the land suitability using a matching method and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The results showed that Styrax sp. had moderately suitable land suitability in three villages in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The limiting factors for land suitability were identified as rooting media, nutrient retention, water availability, and erosion hazard. These findings have important implications for the development of sustainable land use practices for Styrax sp. cultivation in the region, which can contribute to the conservation of this valuable plant species and the maintenance of ecological balance. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the land characteristics and suitability of Styrax sp. in North Sumatra Province and highlights the importance of sustainable land use practices for the conservation of valuable plant species.
  9. Fulltext Translation and validation of the Malay post traumatic stress disorder checklist for civilians
    Rafidah Bahari, Muhammad N Mohamad Alwi, Muhammad R Ahmad, Ismail Mohd Saiboon
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;16(2):203-211.
    MyJurnal
    There are a number of validated questionnaires available for the screening of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the PTSD Checklist for Civilians is one of them. However, none was translated into the Malay Language and validated for use in the Malaysian population. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the Malay PTSD Checklist for Civilians (MPCL-C). Methods: The PCL-C was translated into the Malay Language and back-translated. The reliability and validity of the MPCL-C were then determined by administering them to those who presented at the emergency department for motor vehicle accident at least one month before. Results: The MPCL-C has good face and content validity. In terms of reliability, it is also good, with Chronbach’s alpha values of 0.90, 0.77, 0.75 and 0.74 for the full scale, re-experiencing, avoidance and arousal domains respectively. Conclusions: The MPCL-C is a valid and reliable instrument to screen for PTSD in motor vehicle accident victims for the studied population.
  10. Fulltext Grain sterility in relation to dry mass production and distribution in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    Puteh AB, Mondal MM, Ismail MR, Latif MA
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:302179.
    PMID: 24895563 DOI: 10.1155/2014/302179
    The experiment was conducted to investigate potential causes of grain sterility in widely cultivated rice variety in Malaysia, MR219 and its two mutant lines (RM311 and RM109) by examining the source-sink relations. RM311 produced increased dry matter yield both at heading and maturity and also showed higher grain yield with greater proportion of grain sterility than the other two genotypes (RM109 and MR219) resulting in the lowest harvest index (49.68%). In contrast, harvest index was greater in RM109 (53.34%) and MR219 (52.76%) with less grain sterility percentage than MR311 indicating that dry matter partitioning to economic yield was better in RM109 and MR219 than in MR311. Results indicated that dry matter allocation per spikelet from heading to maturity was important for reducing grain sterility in rice. The greater above-ground crop dry matter per spikelet was observed in RM109 and MR219 as compared to high dry matter producing genotype; RM311 implies that poor grain filling may not have resulted from dry matter production or source limitation. These findings suggest that grain sterility or poor grain filling in rice is the result of poor translocation and partitioning of assimilates into grains (sink) rather than of limited biomass production or source limitation.
  11. Fulltext The Malaysian Food Barometer Open Database: An Invitation to Study the Modernization of Malaysian Food Patterns and Its Economic and Health Consequences
    Poulain JP, Tibère L, Mognard E, Laporte C, Fournier T, Noor IM, et al.
    Front Nutr, 2021;8:800317.
    PMID: 35127788 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.800317
  12. Waist circumference percentile curves for Malaysian children and adolescents aged 6.0-16.9 years
    Poh BK, Jannah AN, Chong LK, Ruzita AT, Ismail MN, McCarthy D
    Int J Pediatr Obes, 2011 Aug;6(3-4):229-35.
    PMID: 21668385 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2011.583658
    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly and abdominal obesity especially is known to be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other non-communicable diseases. Waist circumference percentile curves are useful tools which can help to identify abdominal obesity among the childhood and adolescent populations.
    OBJECTIVE: To develop age- and sex-specific waist circumference (WC) percentile curves for multi-ethnic Malaysian children and adolescents aged 6.0-16.9 years. Subjects and methods. A total of 16,203 participants comprising 8,093 boys and 8,110 girls recruited from all regions of Malaysia were involved in this study. Height, weight, WC were measured and BMI calculated. Smoothed WC percentile curves and values for the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 97th percentiles were constructed using the LMS Method.
    RESULTS: WC was found to increase with age in both sexes, but boys had higher WC values at every age and percentile. Z-scores generated using the UK reference data shows that Chinese children had the highest WC compared to Malays, Indians and other ethnicities. Comparisons with other studies indicate that at the 50th percentile, Malaysian curves did not differ from the UK, Hong Kong and Turkish curves, but at the 90th percentile, Malaysian curves were higher compared with other countries, starting at 10 years of age. The 90th percentile was adopted as the cut-off point to indicate abdominal obesity in Malaysian children and adolescents.
    CONCLUSION: These curves represent the first WC percentiles reported for Malaysian children, and they can serve as a reference for future studies.
  13. Advances to improve the eating and cooking qualities of rice by marker-assisted breeding
    Phing Lau WC, Latif MA, Y Rafii M, Ismail MR, Puteh A
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2016;36(1):87-98.
    PMID: 24937109 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923987
    The eating and cooking qualities of rice are heavily emphasized in breeding programs because they determine market values and they are the appealing attributes sought by consumers. Conventional breeding has developed traditional varieties with improved eating and cooking qualities. Recently, intensive genetic studies have pinpointed the genes that control eating and cooking quality traits. Advances in genetic studies have developed molecular techniques, thereby allowing marker-assisted breeding (MAB) for improved eating and cooking qualities in rice. MAB has gained the attention of rice breeders for the advantages it can offer that conventional breeding cannot. There have been successful cases of using MAB to improve the eating and cooking qualities in rice over the years. Nevertheless, MAB should be applied cautiously given the intensive effort needed for genotyping. Perspectives from conventional breeding to marker-assisted breeding will be discussed in this review for the advancement of the eating and cooking qualities of fragrance, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and gelatinization temperature (GT) in rice. These four parameters are associated with eating and cooking qualities in rice. The genetic basis of these four parameters is also included in this review. MAB is another approach to rice variety improvement and development in addition to being an alternative to genetic engineering. The MAB approach shortens the varietal development time, and is therefore able to deliver improved rice varieties to farmers within a shorter period of time.
  14. Fulltext Phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9)
    Paul A, Ismail MN, Tang TH, Ng SK
    Mol Biol Rep, 2023 Apr;50(4):3909-3917.
    PMID: 36662450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08253-3
    BACKGROUND: IRF9 is a transcription factor that mediates the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) through the Janus kinase-Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. The JAK-STAT pathway is regulated through phosphorylation reactions, in which all components of the pathway are known to be phosphorylated except IRF9. The enigma surrounding IRF9 regulation by a phosphorylation event is intriguing. As IRF9 plays a major role in establishing an antiviral state in host cells, the topic of IRF9 regulation warrants deeper investigation.

    METHODS: Initially, total lysates of 2fTGH and U2A cells (transfected with recombinant IRF9) were filter-selected and concentrated using phosphoprotein enrichment assay. The phosphoprotein state of IRF9 was further confirmed using Phos-tag™ assay. All protein expression was determined using Western blotting. Tandem mass spectrometry was conducted on immunoprecipitated IRF9 to identify the phosphorylated amino acids. Finally, site-directed mutagenesis was performed and the effects of mutated IRF9 on relevant ISGs (i.e., USP18 and Mx1) was evaluated using qPCR.

    RESULTS: IRF9 is phosphorylated at S252 and S253 under IFNβ-induced condition and R242 under non-induced condition. Site-directed mutagenesis of S252 and S253 to either alanine or aspartic acid has a modest effect on the upregulation of USP18 gene-a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) response-but not Mx1 gene.

    CONCLUSION: Our preliminary study shows that IRF9 is phosphorylated and possibly regulates USP18 gene expression. However, further in vivo studies are needed to determine the significance of IRF9 phosphorylation.

  15. Fulltext Sleep deprivation is related to obesity and low intake of energy and carbohydrates among working Iranian adults: a cross sectional study
    Parvaneh K, Poh BK, Hajifaraji M, Ismail MN
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2014;23(1):84-90.
    PMID: 24561976 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.1.02
    Sleep deficiency is becoming widespread in both adults and adolescents and is accompanied by certain behaviors that can lead to obesity. This study aims to investigate differences in sleep duration of overweight/obese and normal weight groups, and the association between sleep deprivation and obesity, dietary intake and physical activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 Iranian working adults (109 men and 117 women) aged 20 to 55 years old who live in Tehran. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and BMI was calculated. Questionnaires, including the Sleep Habit Heart Questionnaire (SHHQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and 24-hour dietary recall, were interview-administered. Subjects were categorized as normal weight (36.3%) or overweight/obese (63.7%) based on WHO standards (2000). Overweight/ obese subjects slept significantly (p<0.001) later (00:32±00:62 AM) and had shorter sleep duration (5.37±1.1 hours) than normal weight subjects (23:30±00:47 PM and 6.54±1.06 hours, respectively). Sleep duration showed significant (p<0.05) direct correlations to energy (r = 0.174), carbohydrate (r = 0.154) and fat intake (r = 0.141). This study revealed that each hour later in bedtime (going to bed later) increased the odds of being overweight or obese by 2.59-fold (95% CI: 1.61-4.16). The findings in this study confirm that people with shorter sleep duration are more likely to be overweight or obese; hence, strategies for the management of obesity should incorporate a consideration of sleep patterns.
  16. Fulltext Biochemical and molecular characterization of potential phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in acid sulfate soils and their beneficial effects on rice growth
    Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Shamshuddin J, Jusop S, Othman R, Latif MA, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(10):e97241.
    PMID: 25285745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097241
    A study was conducted to determine the total microbial population, the occurrence of growth promoting bacteria and their beneficial traits in acid sulfate soils. The mechanisms by which the bacteria enhance rice seedlings grown under high Al and low pH stress were investigated. Soils and rice root samples were randomly collected from four sites in the study area (Kelantan, Malaysia). The topsoil pH and exchangeable Al ranged from 3.3 to 4.7 and 1.24 to 4.25 cmol(c) kg(-1), respectively, which are considered unsuitable for rice production. Total bacterial and actinomycetes population in the acidic soils were found to be higher than fungal populations. A total of 21 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) including 19 N2-fixing strains were isolated from the acid sulfate soil. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, three potential PSB strains based on their beneficial characteristics were identified (Burkholderia thailandensis, Sphingomonas pituitosa and Burkholderia seminalis). The isolated strains were capable of producing indoleacetic acid (IAA) and organic acids that were able to reduce Al availability via a chelation process. These PSB isolates solubilized P (43.65%) existing in the growth media within 72 hours of incubation. Seedling of rice variety, MR 219, grown at pH 4, and with different concentrations of Al (0, 50 and 100 µM) was inoculated with these PSB strains. Results showed that the bacteria increased the pH with a concomitant reduction in Al concentration, which translated into better rice growth. The improved root volume and seedling dry weight of the inoculated plants indicated the potential of these isolates to be used in a bio-fertilizer formulation for rice cultivation on acid sulfate soils.
  17. Fulltext Eliminating aluminum toxicity in an acid sulfate soil for rice cultivation using plant growth promoting bacteria
    Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Radziah O, Shamshuddin J, Razi IM
    Molecules, 2015 Feb 20;20(3):3628-46.
    PMID: 25710843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033628
    Aluminum toxicity is widely considered as the most important limiting factor for plants growing in acid sulfate soils. A study was conducted in laboratory and in field to ameliorate Al toxicity using plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), ground magnesium limestone (GML) and ground basalt. Five-day-old rice seedlings were inoculated by Bacillus sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophila, Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia seminalis and grown for 21 days in Hoagland solution (pH 4.0) at various Al concentrations (0, 50 and 100 μM). Toxicity symptoms in root and leaf were studied using scanning electron microscope. In the field, biofertilizer (PGPB), GML and basalt were applied (4 t·ha-1 each). Results showed that Al severely affected the growth of rice. At high concentrations, the root surface was ruptured, leading to cell collapse; however, no damages were observed in the PGPB inoculated seedlings. After 21 days of inoculation, solution pH increased to >6.0, while the control treatment remained same. Field study showed that the highest rice growth and yield were obtained in the bio-fertilizer and GML treatments. This study showed that Al toxicity was reduced by PGPB via production of organic acids that were able to chelate the Al and the production of polysaccharides that increased solution pH. The release of phytohormones further enhanced rice growth that resulted in yield increase.
  18. Fulltext Determining radius of convergence of Newton’s method using radius of curvature
    Pandiya, Ridwan, Ismail Mohd
    MATEMATIKA, 2017;33(1):43-54.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper, we propose a method how to manage the convergence of
    Newton’s method if its iteration process encounters a local extremum. This idea establishes
    the osculating circle at a local extremum. It then uses the radius of the
    osculating circle also known as the radius of curvature as an additional number of
    the local extremum. It then takes that additional number and combines it with the
    local extremum. This is then used as an initial guess in finding a root near to that
    local extremum. This paper will provide several examples which demonstrate that the
    proposed idea is successful and they perform to fulfill the aim of this paper.
  19. Fulltext Protein Composition and Biomedical Potential of the Skin Secretion of Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) (Anura: Ranidae) from Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
    Ong D, Ismail MN, Shahrudin S
    Int J Pept Res Ther, 2021;27(3):2125-2133.
    PMID: 34177403 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10240-w
    The skin secretion of amphibians is known for its high content of bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are essential for the advancement of biomedical industries. Four wild green paddy frogs, Hylarana erythraea, were collected from various habitat types within the Langkawi Archipelago. These frogs' skin secretions were collected, extracted, and analysed for their protein compounds together with biomedical potentials using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The total protein concentration of H. erythraea skin secretions was determined as 0.269 mg/mL. Based on the UniProt (Anura) database, we identified 29 proteins. These proteins were categorised as antimicrobial (AMP) (38%), followed by hormone (17%), enzyme (17%), unreviewed proteins (17%), structural proteins (7%), and regulatory proteins (4%). The AMPs identified were from the family of esculentin-1, esculentin-2, brevinin-1, and frenatin-4, while the hormones belonged to the cholecystokinin group. The enzymes detected were adenylate cyclase 9, the suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein homolog, and the HGF activator. The structural proteins belonged to toe pad keratin 2 and Krt5.7 proteins, while the single regulatory protein is CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6-like. These proteins have a wide range of biomedical importance, such as wound healings, facilitate digestions, anti-tumours, and anti-cancer effect.
  20. Assessing Body Fat of Children by Skinfold Thickness, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Validation Study Among Malay Children Aged 7 to 11 Years
    Noradilah MJ, Ang YN, Kamaruddin NA, Deurenberg P, Ismail MN, Poh BK
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2016 Jul;28(5 Suppl):74S-84S.
    PMID: 27073201 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516641505
    This study aims to validate skinfold (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in determining body fat percentage (BF%) of Malay children aged 7 to 11 years. A total of 160 children had their BF% assessed using SKF and BIA, with DXA as the criterion method. Four SKF equations (SKFBray, SKFJohnston, SKFSlaughter, and SKFGoran) and 4 BIA equations (BIAManufacturer, BIAHoutkooper, BIARush, and BIAKushner) were used to estimate BF%. Mean age, weight, and height were 9.4 ± 1.1years, 30.5 ± 9.9 kg, and 131.3 ± 8.4 cm. All equations significantly underestimated BF% (P < .05). BIA equations had reasonable agreement with DXA and were independent of BF% with BIAManufacturer being the best equation. Although BIA underestimates BF% as compared with DXA, BIA was more suitable to measure BF% in a population that is similar to this study sample than SKF, suggesting a need to develop new SKF equations that are population specific.
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