MyMedR

Present methods of instruction in first aid

Kingsbury AN

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:14-18.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns

Krishnan R

Family Physician, 1991;3:57-58.

A 7 year-old Malay child with lightning burns is reported. Lightning injuries are rare. Victims who are clinically 'dead' may recover normally if resuscitation is carried out for prolonged periods.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns

Filigree burn of lightning: two case reports

Kumar V

Med Sci Law, 2007 Apr;47(2):171-3.

PMID: 17520964

Lightning is a powerful natural electrostatic discharge produced during a thunderstorm. The electric current passing through the discharge channels is direct with a potential of 1000 million volts or more. Lightning can kill or injure a person by a direct strike, a side-flash, or conduction through another object. Lightning can cause a variety of injuries in the skin and the cardiovascular, neurological and ophthalmic systems. Filigree burn of lightning is a superficial burn and very rare. Two cases of death from lightning which have this rare finding are reported and discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/mortality*; Burns/physiopathology

Anterior nasal stenosis from joss stick burns

Lee ST

J Laryngol Otol, 1990 Jun;104(6):497.

PMID: 2376711

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/complications*; Burns/pathology

Fulltext A Rejang river rash

Lim JL

Malays Fam Physician, 2014;9(1):33-34.

PMID: 25606297 MyJurnal

A 30-year-old Iban woman presented to a rural primary healthcare clinic located along the Batang Rejang in Sarawak. She had a 2-day history of rash, which started over her trunk and later spread to her face and limbs. What started out as individual erythematous maculopapular spots later coalesced to form larger raised blotches. The rash was extremely pruritic and affected her sleep, and hence her visit. The rash was preceded by high grade, persistent fever that was temporarily relieved by paracetamol. She also complained of malaise, arthralgia and myalgia. Her appetite had been poor since the onset of the fever. She lived in a long house at the edge of the jungle. Although she did not have a history of going into the jungle to forage, she went regularly to the river to wash clothes. Clinically, she appeared lethargic and had bilateral conjunctival injection. Her left anterior cervical lymph nodes were palpable. There were erythematous macules measuring 5 to 15 mm distributed over her whole body but predominantly over the chest and abdominal region (Figure 1). An unusual skin lesion was discovered at the right hypochondriac region. This lesion resembled a cigarette burn with a necrotic centre (Figure 2). There was no evidence of hepato-splenomegaly. Examination of the other systems was unremarkable. On further questioning, the patient admitted being bitten by a ‘kutu babi’ or mite 3 days before the onset of her fever.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns

Injuries to the eye and associated structures

Lowther AH

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1939;3:326-38.

Matched MeSH terms: Eye Burns

Recent patents on topical application of honey in wound and burn management

Benhanifia MB, Boukraâ L, Hammoudi SM, Sulaiman SA, Manivannan L

Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov, 2011 Jan;5(1):81-6.

PMID: 21171951

Topical application of honey to burn and wounds has been found to be effective in controlling infection and producing a clean granulating bed. It is suggested that the wound healing effect of honey may in part be related to the release of inflammatory cytokines from surrounding tissue cells, mainly monocytes and macrophages. It has been reported that honey hastens wound healing by accelerating wound contractions. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated that there was a significant acceleration of dermal repair in wound treated with honey. Macroscopic and microscopic observations under in vivo assessment suggested that the topical application of honey might have favourable influences on the various phases of burn and wound healing hence accelerating the healing process. The regulatory effects of honey are related to components other than the sugars. However, the mechanisms by which honey affects the release of anti inflammatory agents and growth factors from monocytic cells are as yet unclear. Whether honey affects other cell types, particularly endothelial cells and fibroblasts, involved in wound healing also needs to be clarified. The present article is a short review of recent patents on the healing effect of honey in wound and burn management.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/drug therapy*

The Practice of First Aid for Burn Injuries Among the Population of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia for 2012-2016

Seow SN, Halim AS, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mat Saad AZ, Mat Johar SFN

J Burn Care Res, 2020 Jul 03;41(4):905-907.

PMID: 32166315 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa025

Burns are a devastating public health problem that result in 10 million disability-adjusted life-years lost in low- and middle-income countries. Adequate first aid for burn injuries reduces morbidity and mortality. The rate of proper first aid practices in other countries is 12% to 22%.1,2 A 5-year retrospective audit was performed on the database of the Burn Unit in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for 2012-2016; this involved 485 patients from the east coast of Malaysia. The mean age of the patients is 17.3 years old. The audit on first aid practices for burn injury showed poor practice. Out of 485 burned patients, 261 patients (53.8%) claimed that they practiced first aid. However, only 24 out of 485 patients (5%) practiced the correct first aid technique where they run their burn wound under cool water for more than 20 minutes. Two hundred and twenty-two patients had not received any first aid. Two patients did not respond to the question on the first aid usage after burn injury. The mean age of patients who practiced first aid was 15.6 years old. Out of the 261 patients who practiced first aid, 167 (64%) run their wound under tap water for different durations. Others practiced traditional remedies such as the application of "Minyak Gamat" (6.5%), soy sauce (5.5%), other ointments (3.6%), milk (1.8%), and eggs (0.7%), as well as honey, butter, and cooking oil (0.4% each). First aid practices for burn injuries in the population of east coast Malaysia are still inadequate. The knowledge and awareness of school children and the general Malaysian population must be enhanced.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/therapy*

Outcome of the Modified Meek Technique in the Management of Major Pediatric Burns

Lee SZ, Halim AS, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mat Saad AZ

Ann Plast Surg, 2018 09;81(3):295-301.

PMID: 29994880 DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000001565

INTRODUCTION: The modified Meek micrografting technique has been used in the treatment of severely burned patients and a number of articles have examined the use of the modified Meek technique in adults and in mixed-age groups. However, there is a paucity of research pertaining to the outcome in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study is to present our favorable outcome in pediatric major burns using the modified Meek technique.

METHODS: A retrospective review of burn cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from 2010 to 2015 was conducted. Cases of major burns among pediatric patients grafted using the Meek technique were examined.

RESULTS: Twelve patients were grafted using the Meek technique. Ten (91.7%) patients were male, whereas 2 (8.3%) were female. The average age of patients was 6 years (range, 2-11 years). The average total body surface area was 35.4% (range, 15%-75%). Most burn mechanisms were due to flame injury (66.7%) as compared with scalds injury (16.7%) and chemical injury (16.7%). There was no mortality. All patients were completely grafted with a good donor site scar. The average graft take rate was 82.3%, although 8 cases had positive tissue cultures from the Meek-grafted areas. The average follow-up duration was 3.6 years (range, 1.1-6.7 years). Only 1 case developed contracture over minor joint.

CONCLUSIONS: The Meek technique is useful when there is a paucity of donor site in the pediatric group. The graft take is good, contracture formation is low, and this technique is cost-effective.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/surgery*

Fulltext Wound contraction effects and antibacterial properties of Tualang honey on full-thickness burn wounds in rats in comparison to hydrofibre

Khoo YT, Halim AS, Singh KK, Mohamad NA

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:48.

PMID: 20815896 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-48

Full-thickness burn wounds require excision and skin grafting. Multiple surgical procedures are inevitable in managing moderate to severe full-thickness burns. Wound bed preparations prior to surgery are necessary in order to prevent wound infection and promote wound healing. Honey can be used to treat burn wounds. However, not all the honey is the same. This study aims to evaluate the wound contraction and antibacterial properties of locally-produced Tualang honey on managing full-thickness burn wounds in vivo.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/microbiology; Burns/surgery; Burns/therapy*

Microwaved bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel microparticles for the healing of partial thickness burn wounds

Pandey M, Mohamad N, Low WL, Martin C, Mohd Amin MC

Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2017 02;7(1):89-99.

PMID: 27815776 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0341-8

Burn wound management is a complex process because the damage may extend as far as the dermis which has an acknowledged slow rate of regeneration. This study investigates the feasibility of using hydrogel microparticles composed of bacterial cellulose and polyacrylamide as a dressing material for coverage of partial-thickness burn wounds. The microparticulate carrier structure and surface morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity profile of the microparticles showed cytocompatibility with L929 cells. Dermal irritation test demonstrated that the hydrogel was non-irritant to the skin and had a significant effect on wound contraction compared to the untreated group. Moreover, histological examination of in vivo burn healing samples revealed that the hydrogel treatment enhanced epithelialization and accelerated fibroblast proliferation with wound repair and intact skin achieved by the end of the study. Both the in vitro and in vivo results proved the biocompatibility and efficacy of hydrogel microparticles as a wound dressing material.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/drug therapy; Burns/pathology

In vivo evaluation of bacterial cellulose/acrylic acid wound dressing hydrogel containing keratinocytes and fibroblasts for burn wounds

Mohamad N, Loh EYX, Fauzi MB, Ng MH, Mohd Amin MCI

Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2019 04;9(2):444-452.

PMID: 29302918 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0475-3

The healing of wounds, including those from burns, currently exerts a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Hydrogels are widely used as wound dressings and in the field of tissue engineering. The popularity of bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels has increased owing to their biocompatibility. Previous study demonstrated that bacterial cellulose/acrylic acid (BC/AA) hydrogel increased the healing rate of burn wound. This in vivo study using athymic mice has extended the use of BC/AA hydrogel by the addition of human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. The results showed that hydrogel loaded with cells produces the greatest acceleration on burn wound healing, followed by treatment with hydrogel alone, compared with the untreated group. The percentage wound reduction on day 13 in the mice treated with hydrogel loaded with cells (77.34 ± 6.21%) was significantly higher than that in the control-treated mice (64.79 ± 6.84%). Histological analysis, the expression of collagen type I via immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy indicated a greater deposition of collagen in the mice treated with hydrogel loaded with cells than in the mice administered other treatments. Therefore, the BC/AA hydrogel has promising application as a wound dressing and a cell carrier.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/pathology; Burns/therapy*

Characterization of collagen/chitosan films for skin regenerating scaffold

Ismarul IN, Ishak Y, Ismail Z, Mohd Shalihuddin WM

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:57-8.

PMID: 15468817

Various proportions of chitosan/collagen films (70/30% to 95/05%) w/w were prepared and evaluated for its suitability as skin regenerating scaffold. Interactions between chitosan and collagen were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the blend. Mechanical properties were evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The chitosan/collagen films were found to swell proportionally with time until it reaches equilibrium. FTIR spectroscopy indicated no chemical interaction between the components of the blends. DSC data indicated only one peak proving that these two materials are compatible at all proportions investigated. SEM micrographs also indicated good homogeneity between these two materials.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/physiopathology; Burns/therapy*

Fulltext Restructuring burns management during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Malaysian experience

Ilenghoven D, Hisham A, Ibrahim S, Mohd Yussof SJ

Burns, 2020 08;46(5):1236-1239.

PMID: 32471558 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.05.008

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/therapy*

A case of a hand burns associated with a "wrap-around" pulse oximeter in an infant

Hisham A, Hafizuddin Bin Salleh M, Ibrahim S, Mohd Yussof SJ

Int Wound J, 2020 Aug;17(4):1097-1098.

PMID: 32333718 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13375

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/drug therapy*; Burns/etiology*

Fulltext Biologic and synthetic skin substitutes: An overview

Halim AS, Khoo TL, Mohd Yussof SJ

Indian J Plast Surg, 2010 Sep;43(Suppl):S23-8.

PMID: 21321652 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.70712

The current trend of burn wound care has shifted to more holistic approach of improvement in the long-term form and function of the healed burn wounds and quality of life. This has demanded the emergence of various skin substitutes in the management of acute burn injury as well as post burn reconstructions. Skin substitutes have important roles in the treatment of deep dermal and full thickness wounds of various aetiologies. At present, there is no ideal substitute in the market. Skin substitutes can be divided into two main classes, namely, biological and synthetic substitutes. The biological skin substitutes have a more intact extracellular matrix structure, while the synthetic skin substitutes can be synthesised on demand and can be modulated for specific purposes. Each class has its advantages and disadvantages. The biological skin substitutes may allow the construction of a more natural new dermis and allow excellent re-epithelialisation characteristics due to the presence of a basement membrane. Synthetic skin substitutes demonstrate the advantages of increase control over scaffold composition. The ultimate goal is to achieve an ideal skin substitute that provides an effective and scar-free wound healing.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns

Bovine pericardium in treating large corneal perforation secondary to alkali injury: a case report

Khanna RK, Mokhtar E

Indian J Ophthalmol, 2008 8 20;56(5):429-30.

PMID: 18711278

To describe use of a locally processed bovine pericardium (BP) to cover a large central corneal perforation following alkali injury and discuss postoperative outcome. A 27-year-old Malay male patient presented two weeks after alkali splashed in his left eye while working. A clinical diagnosis of left central corneal ulcer with limbal ischemia following alkali injury with secondary infection was made. After failed medical therapy, we performed a Gunderson conjunctival flap under local anesthesia that retracted after one week and resulted in a large central corneal perforation with surrounding stromal thinning. The perforation was covered with a locally processed BP xenograft (Lyolemb) supplied by the National Tissue Bank, University Sains Malaysia. Nine months follow-up showed a well-taken graft without any exposure/dehiscence and minimal inflammation. Amniotic membrane transplantation when used as a patch graft needs an urgent tectonic graft to promote corneal stability in patients with severe corneal thinning. The use of processed BP can be a viable option in treating such cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns, Chemical/etiology; Burns, Chemical/pathology; Burns, Chemical/surgery*; Eye Burns/chemically induced*; Eye Burns/pathology; Eye Burns/surgery

Lightning fatality with blast, flame, heat and current effects: a macroscopic and microscopic view

Murty OP

J Forensic Leg Med, 2009 Apr;16(3):162-7.

PMID: 19239970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2008.07.009

A case is presented of a fatal environmental accidental injuries of lightning. A pedestrian was struck by lightning. The macroscopic and microscopic lightning injuries are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/pathology

Dramatic lightning injury with exit wound

Murty OP

J Forensic Leg Med, 2007 May;14(4):225-7.

PMID: 16914357

This is a case report of an environmental accident due to lightning where one school boy sustained current, blast, and flame effects of it. A bolt of lightning directly struck the pole of a football ground and the scatter struck the child. In addition to burn injuries, he showed an exit wound of lightning in left foot. The exit wound of lightning current is a very rare finding. The body of victim had flame and heat effect of atmospheric electricity on head and neck, face, and trunk. In this incidence of lightning other team mates of the victim were safe. The patient survived the attack.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/etiology*; Burns/pathology

Fulltext The Relationship of Orofacial Pain and Dental Health Status and Oral Health Behaviours in Facial Burn Patients

Chaudhary FA, Ahmad B, Javed MQ, Yakub SS, Arjumand B, Khan AM, et al.

Pain Res Manag, 2021;2021:5512755.

PMID: 34055118 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512755

This study aims to examine the association of orofacial pain and oral health status and oral health behaviours in facial burn patients. The participants in this cross-sectional study were randomly recruited from the Burn Care Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. An intraoral evaluation was carried out to record the DMFT and OHI-S. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic status, brushing frequency, and dental visits. Orofacial pain during mandibular movement was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological status was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Impact of Events Scale. ANOVA and simple and multiple linear regression tests were used to analyse the data. From the 90 facial burn patients included, the majority were below 34 years of age, female, single or divorced, and unemployed. The mean DMFT was 10.7, and 71% had poor oral hygiene. 56% of the participants had moderate-to-severe anxiety, and 68% had posttraumatic stress disorder. 53% of the participants had moderate-to-severe pain during mouth opening or moving the mandible with a mean score of 41.5. Analyses showed that orofacial pain was associated with less frequent brushing, irregular dental visits, greater DMFT score, and more plaque accumulation (OHI-S). It was also associated with employment status, the severity of a burn, anxiety, and stress. The treatment and management of dental and oral conditions in burn patients need judicious balance in controlling and accurate assessment of the pain and improving psychological problems in burn patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/etiology*

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