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Real-Time Remote Health Monitoring Systems Using Body Sensor Information and Finger Vein Biometric Verification: A Multi-Layer Systematic Review

Mohsin AH, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Albahri AS, Albahri OS, Alsalem MA, et al.

J Med Syst, 2018 Oct 16;42(12):238.
PMID: 30327939 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-1104-5

The development of wireless body area sensor networks is imperative for modern telemedicine. However, attackers and cybercriminals are gradually becoming aware in attacking telemedicine systems, and the black market value of protected health information has the highest price nowadays. Security remains a formidable challenge to be resolved. Intelligent home environments make up one of the major application areas of pervasive computing. Security and privacy are the two most important issues in the remote monitoring and control of intelligent home environments for clients and servers in telemedicine architecture. The personal authentication approach that uses the finger vein pattern is a newly investigated biometric technique. This type of biometric has many advantages over other types (explained in detail later on) and is suitable for different human categories and ages. This study aims to establish a secure verification method for real-time monitoring systems to be used for the authentication of patients and other members who are working in telemedicine systems. The process begins with the sensor based on Tiers 1 and 2 (client side) in the telemedicine architecture and ends with patient verification in Tier 3 (server side) via finger vein biometric technology to ensure patient security on both sides. Multilayer taxonomy is conducted in this research to attain the study's goal. In the first layer, real-time remote monitoring studies based on the sensor technology used in telemedicine applications are reviewed and analysed to provide researchers a clear vision of security and privacy based on sensors in telemedicine. An extensive search is conducted to identify articles that deal with security and privacy issues, related applications are reviewed comprehensively and a coherent taxonomy of these articles is established. ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science databases are checked for articles on mHealth in telemedicine based on sensors. A total of 3064 papers are collected from 2007 to 2017. The retrieved articles are filtered according to the security and privacy of telemedicine applications based on sensors. Nineteen articles are selected and classified into two categories. The first category, which accounts for 57.89% (n = 11/19), includes surveys on telemedicine articles and their applications. The second category, accounting for 42.1% (n = 8/19), includes articles on the three-tiered architecture of telemedicine. The collected studies reveal the essential need to construct another taxonomy layer and review studies on finger vein biometric verification systems. This map-matching for both taxonomies is developed for this study to go deeply into the sensor field and determine novel risks and benefits for patient security and privacy on client and server sides in telemedicine applications. In the second layer of our taxonomy, the literature on finger vein biometric verification systems is analysed and reviewed. In this layer, we obtain a final set of 65 articles classified into four categories. In the first category, 80% (n = 52/65) of the articles focus on development and design. In the second category, 12.30% (n = 8/65) includes evaluation and comparative articles. These articles are not intensively included in our literature analysis. In the third category, 4.61% (n = 3/65) includes articles about analytical studies. In the fourth category, 3.07% (n = 2/65) comprises reviews and surveys. This study aims to provide researchers with an up-to-date overview of studies that have been conducted on (user/patient) authentication to enhance the security level in telemedicine or any information system. In the current study, taxonomy is presented by explaining previous studies. Moreover, this review highlights the motivations, challenges and recommendations related to finger vein biometric verification systems and determines the gaps in this research direction (protection of finger vein templates in real time), which represent a new research direction in this area.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
The Impact of the Security Competency on "Self-Efficacy in Information Security" for Effective Health Information Security in Iran

Shahri AB, Ismail Z, Mohanna S

J Med Syst, 2016 Nov;40(11):241.
PMID: 27681101

The security effectiveness based on users' behaviors is becoming a top priority of Health Information System (HIS). In the first step of this study, through the review of previous studies 'Self-efficacy in Information Security' (SEIS) and 'Security Competency' (SCMP) were identified as the important factors to transforming HIS users to the first line of defense in the security. Subsequently, a conceptual model was proposed taking into mentioned factors for HIS security effectiveness. Then, this quantitative study used the structural equation modeling to examine the proposed model based on survey data collected from a sample of 263 HIS users from eight hospitals in Iran. The result shows that SEIS is one of the important factors to cultivate of good end users' behaviors toward HIS security effectiveness. However SCMP appears a feasible alternative to providing SEIS. This study also confirms the mediation effects of SEIS on the relationship between SCMP and HIS security effectiveness. The results of this research paper can be used by HIS and IT managers to implement their information security process more effectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
A security framework for nationwide health information exchange based on telehealth strategy

Zaidan BB, Haiqi A, Zaidan AA, Abdulnabi M, Kiah ML, Muzamel H

J Med Syst, 2015 May;39(5):51.
PMID: 25732083 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0235-1

This study focuses on the situation of health information exchange (HIE) in the context of a nationwide network. It aims to create a security framework that can be implemented to ensure the safe transmission of health information across the boundaries of care providers in Malaysia and other countries. First, a critique of the major elements of nationwide health information networks is presented from the perspective of security, along with such topics as the importance of HIE, issues, and main approaches. Second, a systematic evaluation is conducted on the security solutions that can be utilized in the proposed nationwide network. Finally, a secure framework for health information transmission is proposed within a central cloud-based model, which is compatible with the Malaysian telehealth strategy. The outcome of this analysis indicates that a complete security framework for a global structure of HIE is yet to be defined and implemented. Our proposed framework represents such an endeavor and suggests specific techniques to achieve this goal.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Educating school students and gauging their perception about the harmful effects of smoking using a "Facial-Ageing App (mobile application):" An experience from Malaysia

Marzo RR, Bhattacharya S, Ravichandran S, Lakshmanan P, Jeffery VR, Moralitheran P, et al.

J Educ Health Promot, 2019;8:250.
PMID: 32002422 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_192_19

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is one of the leading factors of mortality in Malaysia. Most youngsters start at adolescence, fascinated by the concept of smoking. Interventions that harness the broad availability of mobile phones, as well as adolescents' interest in their appearance, may be an innovative way to advance school-based prevention. This study aims to determine the perceptions of facial-aging apps among secondary school students.
METHODOLOGY: For this research, descriptive cross-sectional study using simple random sampling method was used. Population sampling was targeted toward three government schools. The total number of respondents is 383, with all of them aged between 13 and- 16 years of age. Legal considerations were taken to maintain the confidentiality of respondents. The specific objectives are: 1. To determine the level of change of intention on smoking, 2. To know the perceived reactions of the peer groups on the appearances of students as nonsmokers, 3. To determine whether the students learned new benefits of nonsmokingand, 4. To measure the impact of a facial-aging app among students.
RESULTS: The number of respondents who smoke was 40 (10.4%), while the number of respondents who do not smoke was 343 (89.6%). About 89% of the respondents agree that their three-dimensional selfie image motivates them not to smoke. In addition, 87.8% of respondents admit that the perceived reactions of their classmates make them think that they look better as nonsmokers. After learning the effects of smoking, about 86.4% of the respondents acknowledged that they would educate their peer groups. Furthermore, 85.9% of the respondents found this "Smokerface" app enjoyable.
CONCLUSION: The facial-aging intervention was effective in motivating Malaysian pupils to stay away from tobacco use. Thus, the analysis on the study of facial app usage in smoking prevention among youngsters concludes that most of the adolescents concur that the "Smokerface" app helps in the prevention of smoking among youths.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext The pre-employment medical--ethical dilemmas for GPs

Thuraisingham C, Nalliah S

Aust Fam Physician, 2013 Apr;42(4):249-51.
PMID: 23550254

In many workplaces, employment is conditional on a successful pre-employment medical examination. This examination is usually conducted by a general practitioner on the employers' panel of approved clinics or by an in-house company doctor.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/ethics
Fulltext The importance of Good Clinical Practice guidelines and its role in clinical trials

Vijayananthan A, Nawawi O

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2008 Jan;4(1):e5.
PMID: 21614316 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.4.1.e5

Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and reporting of clinical trials. It also serves to protect the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects. It is very important to understand the background of the formation of the ICH-GCP guidelines as this, in itself, explains the reasons and the need for doing so. In this paper, we address the historical background and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the ICH-GCP guidelines are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext A staff-initiated quality improvement project: from paper to web report

Daphne Clemente, Nurul Amiella Abdullah, ZurianahJusmin Jasmin, Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah, Helen Benedict Lasimbang, Wendy Diana Shoesmith, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):14-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Continuous quality improvement of system is essential to improve efficiency of working environ- ment. Limited financial allocation in low resource setting results in the vicious circle of having inadequate money to purchase a new system and print paper documents that are required for the operation of clinic. A staff-initiated system improvement with the name of “PRW UMS Staff Portal” was attempted to break-free from the vicious cycle. Methods: An online system covering different aspects of routine clinical work of healthcare workers was created in Dec 2019 and implemented in Feb 2020 using Google SiteTM by the nurses of a local university community clinic, which included: submission of daily reports of nurses and assistant medical officers, submission of reports of all programmes conducted by the clinic, surveillance of health status of working staffs, announcement and request of working roster, archiving of documents, and medication inventory. The system could only be accessed using official working email for general documents while accesses to sensitive documents were restricted to relevant staffs to pro- tect privacy and confidentiality of information. Qualitative interviews were performed with all nursing staff involved. Results: Qualitative feeling of improvement in coordination of workflow was reported by all 23 staffs working in the clinic in view of the easy access of system using smartphone and computer at workstation. It also reduced the need to move away from the working station in order to access, replenish, or submit the printed documents and reports. Significant amount of paper and printing were saved monthly. Conclusions: Despite positive feedback from the staffs, the system requires further improvement in terms of function and security. Further evaluation on cost-efficiency of the system can be done to promote the system to other universities.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext Blockchain-Based Access Control Scheme for Secure Shared Personal Health Records over Decentralised Storage

Hussien HM, Yasin SM, Udzir NI, Ninggal MIH

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Apr 02;21(7).
PMID: 33918266 DOI: 10.3390/s21072462

Blockchain technology provides a tremendous opportunity to transform current personal health record (PHR) systems into a decentralised network infrastructure. However, such technology possesses some drawbacks, such as issues in privacy and storage capacity. Given its transparency and decentralised features, medical data are visible to everyone on the network and are inappropriate for certain medical applications. By contrast, storing vast medical data, such as patient medical history, laboratory tests, X-rays, and MRIs, significantly affect the repository storage of blockchain. This study bridges the gap between PHRs and blockchain technology by offloading the vast medical data into the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) storage and establishing an enforced cryptographic authorisation and access control scheme for outsourced encrypted medical data. The access control scheme is constructed on the basis of the new lightweight cryptographic concept named smart contract-based attribute-based searchable encryption (SC-ABSE). This newly cryptographic primitive is developed by extending ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) and searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) and by leveraging the technology of smart contracts to achieve the following: (1) efficient and secure fine-grained access control of outsourced encrypted data, (2) confidentiality of data by eliminating trusted private key generators, and (3) multikeyword searchable mechanism. Based on decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman hardness assumptions (DBDH) and discrete logarithm (DL) problems, the rigorous security indistinguishability analysis indicates that SC-ABSE is secure against the chosen-keyword attack (CKA) and keyword secrecy (KS) in the standard model. In addition, user collusion attacks are prevented, and the tamper-proof resistance of data is ensured. Furthermore, security validation is verified by simulating a formal verification scenario using Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA), thereby unveiling that SC-ABSE is resistant to man-in-the-middle (MIM) and replay attacks. The experimental analysis utilised real-world datasets to demonstrate the efficiency and utility of SC-ABSE in terms of computation overhead, storage cost and communication overhead. The proposed scheme is also designed and developed to evaluate throughput and latency transactions using a standard benchmark tool known as Caliper. Lastly, simulation results show that SC-ABSE has high throughput and low latency, with an ultimate increase in network life compared with traditional healthcare systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Access control and privilege management in electronic health record: a systematic literature review

Jayabalan M, O'Daniel T

J Med Syst, 2016 Dec;40(12):261.
PMID: 27722981

This study presents a systematic literature review of access control for electronic health record systems to protect patient's privacy. Articles from 2006 to 2016 were extracted from the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and MetaPress using broad eligibility criteria, and chosen for inclusion based on analysis of ISO22600. Cryptographic standards and methods were left outside the scope of this review. Three broad classes of models are being actively investigated and developed: access control for electronic health records, access control for interoperability, and access control for risk analysis. Traditional role-based access control models are extended with spatial, temporal, probabilistic, dynamic, and semantic aspects to capture contextual information and provide granular access control. Maintenance of audit trails and facilities for overriding normal roles to allow full access in emergency cases are common features. Access privilege frameworks utilizing ontology-based knowledge representation for defining the rules have attracted considerable interest, due to the higher level of abstraction that makes it possible to model domain knowledge and validate access requests efficiently.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext Patient’s confidentiality policy breach among nursing students

Patricia Sator

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):58-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Nursing is a regulated profession. Hence, the global commitment for nurses to maintain standards of practice is vital to deliver safe and competent care. Written policies will eliminate uncertainty, ambiguity, and legal issues. For this study, it focused on the importance of the nursing students to understand and practice the regulation on patient’s confidentiality in healthcare setting with the usage of technology such as social media. There is a case like nursing student infringe the privacy of patients with the information they posted on social media, such as posting a patient’s photos or videos without valid consent. Methods: This study is a quantitative, cross-sectional survey de- sign. The respondents were selected as convenience sampling of 120 nursing students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (FMHS, UMS). Results: There are 7.4% nursing students intention- ally posted in social media, 18.0% maybe and 73.8% unintentionally. And for their guilty feeling after committing confidentially policy breach on patient, there are 8.2% said NO, 32.8% said MAYBE and 59% said YES. Overall, the nursing students are aware of the patient’s confidentiality but there is still a leakage in practicing full nursing standards and regulation. Further study recommended to explore more on this issue. Conclusion: As a conclusion, this study is relevant to conduct among the nursing students to gain their understanding regarding the responsibilities as a future nurse in maintaining the patient’s confidentiality as one of the most important nursing practices to ensure quality of care and continuation of professional service of nursing profession.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext Nurses’ perceptions and attitudes towards family presence during resuscitation in adult critical care units

Chung Su Chin, Pauline Stitt

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):61-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: During resuscitation efforts, patients’ families are routinely barred from the resuscitation area. Even there is an increased in demand from the family members requesting to be present during resuscitation of their loved one, health care providers not always offer the option for family presence. The major concerns of health care providers who are opposed to family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) were fear of psychological trauma to family members who witnessed the resuscitation. This study aimed to examine the critical care nurses’ perception and attitudes towards the presence of patients’ family members during resuscitation in adult critical care units. Methods: Study papers included were narrowed to primary study, published within 2003-2014, describing nurses’ perceptions and attitudes on an adult inpatient family witnessed resuscitation in critical care units. Results: Seven studies included, and four main themes emerged mainly samples population, nurses’ experiences of FPDR, nurses’ responses toward FPDR and factor predicting nurses’ attitudes toward FPDR. 20% - 42.2% of nurses had experienced FPDR. Only 4% - 6% of study participants working in hospital with established policy and 95% - 100% had not invited family members to witnessed resuscitation. Nurses would consider the option if family members are accompanied by trained staff. Nurses concern included difficult to concentrate, negatively affecting their per- formance, increased rate of legal action, inadequate staff and limited space. Concerns on family members included too distressing event, negative psychological impact argue and interfere with staff. Concerns on patient would be breach of confidentiality. Conclusion: Adult critical care nurses demonstrated negative perceptions and attitudes towards FPDR. Study participants in this review are not familiar with the concept of FPDR. There is a need for policy development and education on FPDR.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Security analysis of a chaotic map-based authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems

Yau WC, Phan RC

J Med Syst, 2013 Dec;37(6):9993.
PMID: 24194093 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-013-9993-9

Many authentication schemes have been proposed for telecare medicine information systems (TMIS) to ensure the privacy, integrity, and availability of patient records. These schemes are crucial for TMIS systems because otherwise patients' medical records become susceptible to tampering thus hampering diagnosis or private medical conditions of patients could be disclosed to parties who do not have a right to access such information. Very recently, Hao et al. proposed a chaotic map-based authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems in a recent issue of Journal of Medical Systems. They claimed that the authentication scheme can withstand various attacks and it is secure to be used in TMIS. In this paper, we show that this authentication scheme is vulnerable to key-compromise impersonation attacks, off-line password guessing attacks upon compromising of a smart card, and parallel session attacks. We also exploit weaknesses in the password change phase of the scheme to mount a denial-of-service attack. Our results show that this scheme cannot be used to provide security in a telecare medicine information system.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/standards*
Fulltext Physical factors that influence patients' privacy perception toward a psychiatric behavioral monitoring system: a qualitative study

Zakaria N, Ramli R

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2018;14:117-128.
PMID: 29343963 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S115261

Background: Psychiatric patients have privacy concerns when it comes to technology intervention in the hospital setting. In this paper, we present scenarios for psychiatric behavioral monitoring systems to be placed in psychiatric wards to understand patients' perception regarding privacy. Psychiatric behavioral monitoring refers to systems that are deemed useful in measuring clinical outcomes, but little research has been done on how these systems will impact patients' privacy.
Methods: We conducted a case study in one teaching hospital in Malaysia. We investigated the physical factors that influence patients' perceived privacy with respect to a psychiatric monitoring system. The eight physical factors identified from the information system development privacy model, a comprehensive model for designing a privacy-sensitive information system, were adapted in this research. Scenario-based interviews were conducted with 25 patients in a psychiatric ward for 3 months.
Results: Psychiatric patients were able to share how physical factors influence their perception of privacy. Results show how patients responded to each of these dimensions in the context of a psychiatric behavioral monitoring system.
Conclusion: Some subfactors under physical privacy are modified to reflect the data obtained in the interviews. We were able to capture the different physical factors that influence patient privacy.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext Trust and Other Factors that Drive Students’ Self-Disclosure on Social Networking Sites (SNSs)

LIM SOK FERN, SITI ZANARIAH AHMAD ISHAK

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study is to examine the factors that drive students’ self-disclosure on Social Networking Sites (SNSs). A total of 215 undergraduates from two public universities in East Malaysia were recruited as respondents. This study adapts self-disclosure model by Elmi, A.Iahad and Ahmed (2012), where the model proposed trust as one of the factors that complementing other existing factors in online self-disclosure. This study proved that privacy concerns (r = -.212, p < .01), perceived trust (r = .22, p < .01), perceived ease of use (r = .213, p < .01), and perceived enjoyment (r = .28, p < .01) are significantly related to students’ online self-disclosure on SNSs. In addition, as trust plays a vital role in moderating the users’ online self-disclosure behavior, this study formulated students’ trusts on SNSs based on three dimensions which are individual, institutional and online trust. Findings of study suggested that there is a significant difference between online trust based on male and female respondents.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Fulltext Hospitalised patients' awareness of their rights: a cross-sectional survey from a tertiary care hospital on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Yousuf RM, Fauzi AR, How SH, Akter SF, Shah A

Singapore Med J, 2009 May;50(5):494-9.
PMID: 19495519

Optimal patient care varies considerably from place to place and is influenced by scientific as well as social developments. The purpose of this study was to investigate awareness and pertinent issues regarding informed consent among hospitalised patients and to determine lapses, in order to improve the standard of care.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence*
Fulltext Conceptual privacy framework for health information on wearable device

Safavi S, Shukur Z

PLoS One, 2014;9(12):e114306.
PMID: 25478915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114306

Wearable health tech provides doctors with the ability to remotely supervise their patients' wellness. It also makes it much easier to authorize someone else to take appropriate actions to ensure the person's wellness than ever before. Information Technology may soon change the way medicine is practiced, improving the performance, while reducing the price of healthcare. We analyzed the secrecy demands of wearable devices, including Smartphone, smart watch and their computing techniques, that can soon change the way healthcare is provided. However, before this is adopted in practice, all devices must be equipped with sufficient privacy capabilities related to healthcare service. In this paper, we formulated a new improved conceptual framework for wearable healthcare systems. This framework consists of ten principles and nine checklists, capable of providing complete privacy protection package to wearable device owners. We constructed this framework based on the analysis of existing mobile technology, the results of which are combined with the existing security standards. The approach also incorporates the market share percentage level of every app and its respective OS. This framework is evaluated based on the stringent CIA and HIPAA principles for information security. This evaluation is followed by testing the capability to revoke rights of subjects to access objects and ability to determine the set of available permissions for a particular subject for all models Finally, as the last step, we examine the complexity of the required initial setup.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*
Fulltext Modified algorithm for image watermarking using 2D-DCT and Elgamal Cryptosyst

Nur Azien Yazid, Kamilah Abdullah, Suhaila Abd Halim

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):44-55.
MyJurnal

Image watermarking embeds identifying information in an image in such a manner that it cannot easily be removed. For the past several years, image digital watermarking has become a necessary element used for hiding secret image and enabling secured communication such as
privacy, confidentiality, authentication and data integrity. Although numerous watermarking schemes are present in grayscale images, the present work focuses on the RGB color image. This study proposed a new hybrid method that would satisfy the essential needs of modern image watermarking. The color image watermarking is based on the 2D Discrete Cosine Transform and Elgamal cryptosystem. The 2D Discrete Cosine Transform depends on the matrix products, while the Elgamal cryptosystem depends on the discrete logarithm problem. The cryptosystem is combined with existing Arnold transform in watermarking algorithm to enhance the security of secret image. Value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio was taken as performance evaluation parameters. On the whole, the performance evaluation shows that combining the two algorithms improved the performance of image watermarking.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Structured student-generated videos for first-year students at a dental school in Malaysia

Omar H, Khan SA, Toh CG

J Dent Educ, 2013 May;77(5):640-7.
PMID: 23658411

Student-generated videos provide an authentic learning experience for students, enhance motivation and engagement, improve communication skills, and improve collaborative learning skills. This article describes the development and implementation of a student-generated video activity as part of a knowledge, observation, simulation, and experience (KOSE) program at the School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It also reports the students' perceptions of an activity that introduced first-year dental students (n=44) to clinical scenarios involving patients and dental team aiming to improve professional behavior and communication skills. The learning activity was divided into three phases: preparatory phase, video production phase, and video-watching. Students were organized into five groups and were instructed to generate videos addressing given clinical scenarios. Following the activity, students' perceptions were assessed with a questionnaire. The results showed that 86 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of the students agreed that preparation of the activity enhanced their understanding of the role of dentists in provision of health care and the role of enhanced teamwork. In addition, 86 percent and 75 percent, respectively, agreed that the activity improved their communication and project management skills. Overall, the dental students perceived that the student-generated video activity was a positive experience and enabled them to play the major role in driving their learning process.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Key exchange in elliptic curve cryptography based on the decomposition problem

Hilyatihanina Zazali, Wan Ainun Mior Othman

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:907-910.

In this paper, we presented a new key exchange method based on decomposition problem for elliptic curve cryptography. We showed that our key exchange method was not only an alternative method for designing keys in cryptography, but it also has improved security condition from the previous key exchange based on decomposition problem over noncommutative groups. We proposed elliptic an curve cryptography to be the new platform for our key exchange protocol and showed how it was implemented. The security of our protocol was based on discrete logarithm problem, which was not infeasible and strictly difficult to retrieve in elliptic curve cryptography without any prior knowledge.

Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality
Confidentiality in research

Wolffers I

Lancet, 1996 Mar 02;347(9001):620.
PMID: 8596348
Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality*

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