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Finite element analysis of the wrist in stroke patients: the effects of hand grip

Ramlee MH, Beng GK, Bajuri N, Abdul Kadir MR

Med Biol Eng Comput, 2018 Jul;56(7):1161-1171.
PMID: 29209961 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1762-3

The provision of the most suitable rehabilitation treatment for stroke patient remains an ongoing challenge for clinicians. Fully understanding the pathomechanics of the upper limb will allow doctors to assist patients with physiotherapy treatment that will aid in full arm recovery. A biomechanical study was therefore conducted using the finite element (FE) method. A three-dimensional (3D) model of the human wrist was reconstructed using computed tomography (CT)-scanned images. A stroke model was constructed based on pathological problems, i.e. bone density reductions, cartilage wane, and spasticity. The cartilages were reconstructed as per the articulation shapes in the joint, while the ligaments were modelled using linear links. The hand grip condition was mimicked, and the resulting biomechanical characteristics of the stroke and healthy models were compared. Due to the lower thickness of the cartilages, the stroke model reported a higher contact pressure (305 MPa), specifically at the MC1-trapezium. Contrarily, a healthy model reported a contact pressure of 228 MPa. In the context of wrist extension and displacement, the stroke model (0.68° and 5.54 mm, respectively) reported a lower magnitude than the healthy model (0.98° and 9.43 mm, respectively), which agrees with previously reported works. It was therefore concluded that clinicians should take extra care in rehabilitation treatment of wrist movement in order to prevent the occurrence of other complications. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength/physiology*
The Modified Otago Exercises Prevent Grip Strength Deterioration Among Older Fallers in the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial (MyFAIT)

Liew LK, Tan MP, Tan PJ, Mat S, Majid LA, Hill KD, et al.

J Geriatr Phys Ther, 2018 1 31;42(3):123-129.
PMID: 29381526 DOI: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000155

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Exercise-based interventions, such as the Otago Exercise Program (OEP), are effective in preventing falls in the older adult. Previous studies evaluating the OEP have determined falls, lower limb strength, or balance outcomes but with lack of assessment of hand grip strength. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of OEP on hand grip strength alongside mobility and balance outcomes.
METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, and single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted at the University Malaya Medical Centre. Patients older than 65 years presenting to the hospital emergency department or geriatric clinic with 1 injurious fall or 2 falls in the past year and with impaired functional mobility were included in the study. The intervention group received a modified OEP intervention (n = 34) for 3 months, while the control group received conventional care (n = 33). All participants were assessed at baseline and 6 months.
RESULTS: Twenty-four participants in both OEP and control groups completed the 6-month follow-up assessments. Within-group analyses revealed no difference in grip strength in the OEP group (P = 1.00, right hand; P = .55, left hand), with significant deterioration in grip strength in the control group (P = .01, right hand; P = .005, left hand). Change in grip strength over 6 months significantly favored the OEP group (P = .047, right hand; P = .004, left hand). Significant improvements were also observed in mobility and balance in the OEP group.
CONCLUSIONS: In addition to benefits in mobility and balance, the OEP also prevents deterioration in upper limb strength. Additional benefits of exercise interventions for secondary prevention of falls in term of sarcopenia and frailty should also be evaluated in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength*
Fulltext Normative data for hand grip strength and key pinch strength, stratified by age and gender for a multiethnic Asian population

Lam NW, Goh HT, Kamaruzzaman SB, Chin AV, Poi PJ, Tan MP

Singapore Med J, 2016 Oct;57(10):578-584.
PMID: 26768064 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015164

INTRODUCTION: Hand strength is a good indicator of physical fitness and frailty among the elderly. However, there are no published hand strength references for Malaysians aged > 65 years. This study aimed to establish normative data for hand grip strength (HGS) and key pinch strength (KPS) for Malaysians aged ≥ 60 years, and explore the relationship between hand strength and physical ability.
METHODS: Healthy participants aged ≥ 60 years with no neurological conditions were recruited from rural and urban locations in Malaysia. HGS and KPS were measured using hand grip and key pinch dynamometers. Basic demographic data, anthropometric measures, modified Barthel Index scores and results of the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) were recorded.
RESULTS: 362 subjects aged 60-93 years were recruited. The men were significantly stronger than the women in both HGS and KPS (p < 0.001). The hand strength of the study cohort was lower than that of elderly Western populations. Significant correlations were observed between hand strength, and residential area (p < 0.001), FRT (r = 0.236, p = 0.028), TUG (r = -0.227, p = 0.009) and JTHFT (r = -0.927, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study established reference ranges for the HGS and KPS of rural and urban elderly Malaysian subpopulations. These will aid the use of hand strength as a screening tool for frailty among elderly persons in Malaysia. Future studies are required to determine the modifiable factors for poor hand strength.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength*
Fulltext Combined knee osteoarthritis and diabetes is associated with reduced muscle strength, physical inactivity, and poorer quality of life

Seow SR, Mat S, Teoh JJ, Mohamad Yusup A, Rajab NF, Ismail IS, et al.

J Rehabil Med, 2024 Sep 03;56:jrm39986.
PMID: 39225040 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.39986

OBJECTIVE: This study delves into the intriguing connection between knee osteoarthritis and diabetes in Malaysia. Specifically, the exacerbation of knee osteoarthritis in the presence of diabetes in terms of symptoms, physical performance, physical activity, psychological status, social participation, and quality of life was discussed.
DESIGN: This cross-sectional study recruited adults aged 50 and above by convenient sampling and grouped them into: knee osteoarthritis-diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis+diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis-diabetes+, and knee osteoarthritis+diabetes+.
SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: Of 436 recruited participants, 261 (59.8%) participants reported knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test, 6 Meter Walk Test, and 5 Times Sit to Stand Test were measured using standardized procedures. Six questionnaires were administered for the remaining parameters.
RESULTS: Across groups, there were significant differences: 6 Meter Walk Test (p = 0.024), Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.020), and 5 Times Sit to Stand Test (p strength, 5 Times Sit to Stand Test, quality of life, and physical inactivity after adjustment. Knee osteoarthritis+diabetes- was independently associated with reduced Timed Up and Go test and social isolation.
CONCLUSION: The findings revealed the diabetic knee osteoarthritis subgroup's unique physical and psychosocial features of reduced muscle strength and physical inactivity. Future studies should investigate whether managing metabolic factors, and enhancing physical activity and strength exercises, can reduce knee osteoarthritis symptoms and disease severity.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength/physiology
Fulltext Mapping Normative Muscle Health Metrics Across the Aging Continuum: A Multinational Study Pooling Data From Eight Cohorts in Japan, Malaysia and Taiwan

Chen LK, Meng LC, Peng LN, Lee WJ, Zhang S, Nishita Y, et al.

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2025 Feb;16(1):e13731.
PMID: 39971708 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13731

BACKGROUND: The vigour of our musculature wanes as the years advance, and prognosticating the concomitant trajectories throughout the course of life assumes paramount importance for judicious and timely interventions. In the present study, we aimed to establish age- and sex-specific reference centiles for multiple muscle health metrics and reveal the distributions of these metrics throughout the aging process in the Asian population.
METHODS: By using cross-sectional pooled data of community dwellers aged 20 years or older in eight cohorts from Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia, normative values for muscle health metrics (calf circumference (cm), relative appendicular skeletal muscle (RASM) (kilogram per square metre), body mass index (BMI)-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kilogram/(kilogram per square metre)), handgrip strength (kilogram), five-time chair stand (seconds) and gait speed (metre per second)) in men and women, categorized by age groups, are calculated. The mean values, along with the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of these muscle health metrics, are also delineated for both sexes.
RESULTS: Among 34 265 (16 164 men, 18 101 women) participants from eight cohorts, calf circumference declined in age groups from 60 years onward. RASM values declined from the 50s in men but were stable in women until the 80s. ASM/BMI values showed declines in older age groups for both sexes. Handgrip strength declined similarly from 40 years of age in both sexes. Five-time chair stand performance declined from the 30s. Gait speed peaked at 1.6 m/s in men in their 50s and then declined, while it declined in women in their 60s. The inflection points for decline differed by metric and sex. The 20th percentile cutoffs for individuals aged 65-69 years were as follows: calf circumference, 33.0 cm (men) and 31.5 cm (women); RASM, 7.0 kg/m2 (men) and 5.5 kg/m2 (women); ASM/BMI, 0.78 kg/(kg/m2) (men) and 0.56 kg/(kg/m2) (women); handgrip strength, 30.4 kg (men) and 18.1 kg (women); five-time chair stand, 9.4 s (men) and 10.0 s (women); and gait speed, 0.9 m/s (both). Those in the fifth percentile of all muscle health metrics faced earlier declines than their 95th percentile counterparts did, highlighting the critical roles in identifying these high-risk groups.
CONCLUSION: The pooled analysis of eight Asian cohorts clearly outlined the age-related changes in various muscle health metrics, with the inflection point of accelerated decline showing age- and sex-specific characteristics. Defining trajectories of muscle health metrics across life stages facilitates timely interventions to mitigate age-related risks and promote healthy longevity.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength/physiology
Predictors of handgrip strength among adults of a rural community in Malaysia

Moy FM, Darus A, Hairi NN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):176-84.
PMID: 24285778 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513510555

Handgrip strength is useful for screening the nutritional status of adult population as it is strongly associated with physical disabilities and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to determine the predictors of handgrip strength among adults of a rural community in Malaysia using a cross-sectional study design with multistage sampling. All adults aged 30 years and older from 1250 households were invited to our study. Structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, occupation history, lifestyle practices, and measurements, including anthropometry and handgrip strength were taken. There were 2199 respondents with 55.2% females and majority were of Malay ethnicity. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 53.4 (13.2) years. The response rate for handgrip strength was 94.2%. Females had significantly lower handgrip strength than males (P < .05). In the multiple linear regression models, significant predictors of handgrip strength for males were age, height, job groups, and diabetes, while for females, the significant predictors were age, weight, height, and diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength*
Fulltext Functional Outcome after Treatment of Aggressive Tumours in the Distal Radius: Comparison between Reconstruction using Proximal Fibular Graft and Wrist Fusion

Choo CY, Mat-Saad AM, Wan-Azman WS, Wan Z, Nor-Azman MZ, Yahaya S, et al.

Malays Orthop J, 2018 Nov;12(3):19-23.
PMID: 30555642 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1811.004

Introduction: Restoration of a functional hand is the ultimate goal following a distal radius tumour resection. The early outcomes of mobile wrist reconstruction are satisfactory; however, long-term results are unpredictable due to late wrist instability and degenerative arthritis. Our aim is to compare mobile wrist reconstruction with wrist fusion (pan-carpal fusion) in our cohort of patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed for functional outcomes of all patients who underwent resection for distal radius tumour and treated with either fusion or reconstruction of the wrist in a single institution from years 2000-2013 with a minimum of three years follow-up. Results: Eleven patients were included in the study, six of whom had wrist reconstruction with proximal fibula graft and the remaining five wrist fusion, with a mean follow-up of 6.3 years. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) score was 82.78%, ranging from 70% to 93.3%. Average grip strength compared to the normal contralateral hand was 60.0% for total wrist fusion, which was better than wrist reconstruction with 58.07%. There was no difference in the functional outcome between fusion and mobile reconstruction in our study. Osteoarthritis changes and subluxation of the wrist joint were the most common findings in the long-term follow-up for this group. Conclusion: There was no difference in the functional outcome of the long-term follow-up between the two groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Upper Limb Reconstruction in Tetraplegic Patients: A Primer for Spinal Cord Injury Specialists

Liew SK, Shim BJ, Gong HS

Korean J Neurotrauma, 2020 Oct;16(2):126-137.
PMID: 33163420 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2020.16.e48

Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes debilitating loss of function of the upper limb. Upper extremity reconstruction surgery can restore some of the upper limb function in tetraplegic patients with SCI. The procedures are typically muscle-tendon unit transfer surgeries, which redistribute the remaining functional muscles to restore active elbow extension, key grip, and finger grasping. In addition to the tendon transfer surgeries, nerve transfers have emerged recently and are showing promising results. However, despite more than half of the tetraplegic patients can benefit from upper limb surgery, only a few of them receive the procedures. This missed opportunity may be due to the lack of communication between SCI specialists and hand surgeons, or the lack of awareness of such options among the specialists and patients. In this review, we provide a basic overview of upper limb reconstruction in tetraplegic patients with target audience of SCI specialists for their better understanding of the basic concept of surgery and information for patient consultation before referring to hand surgeons.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Effectiveness of a Community-Based Muscle Strengthening Exercise Program to Increase Muscle Strength Among Pre-frail Older Persons in Malaysia: A Pilot Study

Raja Adnan RNE, Mat Din H, Ashari A, Minhat HS

Front Public Health, 2021;9:610184.
PMID: 33968874 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.610184

Deterioration in muscle mass and muscle strength is common among the frail older persons, cause functional dependence and decrease in the quality of life. Therefore, the identification of cost-effective interventions to prevent or ameliorate frailty is crucially needed. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a Community-based Muscle Strengthening Exercise (COME) program to increase muscle strength among pre-frail older persons. This study was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 32 older persons aged 60 years and older with pre-frail symptoms were recruited from the community center. The COME was developed based on the Growing Stronger program and the Otago Home Exercise Program. COME was designed to strengthen all of the major muscle groups in the upper and lower extremities. The exercise program was conducted for 12 weeks and divided into 3 parts; (1) to strengthen the body slowly and gently, using only body weight, (2) to introduce dumbbells and ankle weights to increase strength and (3) to add various new ways to boost strength even more. Functional tests were measured before and after the intervention. The results revealed non-significant p-value for pre- and post-intervention comparison for all study outcomes. Observing the values of mean difference, the study intervention was shown to have slightly improved the time up and go (Mean difference = -0.25), and sit-to-stand duration (Mean difference = -0.41) as well as the handgrip strength (Mean difference = 0.68) among the participants. On the assessment of Cohen ES, all three improvements exhibited small effect sizes. Sit-to-stand duration was shown to have most benefited from the intervention with highest ES among the outcome variables (ES = 0.20). COME intervention program among pre-frail older persons showed favorable trend toward improvement of upper and lower extremities muscle strength. This study should be further tested in randomized control trial to confirm its effectiveness.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Primary fixation of AO type-C fracture of the distal radius with volar locking plates. A cross-sectional study of patient rated outcomes at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan

Mohd Sallehuddin H, Zamzuri Z, Ariff MS, Mohd Shukrimi A, Mohamed Azril MA, Nazri MY

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):3-6.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This is a cross-sectional study of 37 patients with AO type C (complete intra-articular) fractures of the distal radius, evaluating the functional, anatomical, and patient rated outcomes one year after primary fixation with a volar locking plate.

Methods: Functional outcomes were assessed based on the grip strength, and the range of motion of forearm and wrist. Anatomical outcomes were assessed based on the radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt, and articular step or gap. Patient rated outcome was measured with a Disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire.

Results: One year after surgery, 24 (64%) patients achieved good and excellent anatomical results, and DASH scores were acceptable in 73% of patients. Most of the patients had achieved 80% of their grip strength. The mean DASH score of 12.3 was comparable with other studies. Grip strength, radial inclination and volar tilt had a significant correlation with the DASH score.

Conclusion: Volar locking plates can be used to achieve optimal reduction in all three parameters in the treatment of AO type C fractures of the distal radius. Versatile fracture fragment reduction and angular stability enable rehabilitation hence obtaining good functional outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext A biomechanical study of grip and pinch strength among Malaysian elderly population

Zahari Taha, Ruhaizin Sulaiman

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(2):293-305.
MyJurnal

The physical strength of the elderly aged above 60 years is typically 10 to 30% less than the young adult population of ages between 25 to 35 years. This reduction of strength has a strong impact on the activity of the daily living (ADL) of the elderly population. There has been little research done studying on the physical strength of the elderly population in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the static strength of the elderly population in Malaysia. In particular, the grip and pinch strength were investigated as these two static strengths are extensively used in their instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). The results were then compared to the strength of the university students. A total of 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) participated in the study. Their age ranged between 60 to 83 years, with the mean of age of 67.1 years. The comparison group comprised a total of 30 university students (20 male, 10 female) aged between 23 to 24 years, with the mean of age of 23.2 years. Grip and pinch strengths of both groups were measured and analysed using a descriptive statistics. It was found that the elderly male subjects are stronger in both strength measurements than their female counterpart. The 95th percentile of the female grip strength was slightly lower than that of the male while the male pinch strength was 31.07% higher. It was also found that the male students had higher strengths compared to the females. The grip strength of the elderly was 30.66% lower than the university student, while their pinch strength was 13.42% lower. Both static strengths of the elderly were found to be lower than those of the university students. This supported the research hypotheses postulating that the static strength had a negative correlation with age. In terms of gender differences, the male subjects were found to be stronger than the females.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Outcome of Tendon Transfers for Radial Nerve Palsy in a Malaysian Tertiary Centre

Richford J, Abdullah S, Norhafizah M, Juliana I, Rashdeen F, Razana A

Malays Orthop J, 2018 Mar;12(1):1-6.
PMID: 29725505 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1803.001

Tendon transfers for radial nerve palsy is a common operation with good results. We did a retrospective study on twenty patients with radial nerve palsy who underwent tendon transfer surgery and recovered between January 2008 and December 2012. Outcomes measured were motor power of wrist extension, finger extension, grip strength and DASH scores. There was significant improvement of motor power of wrist and finger extension between the preoperative period and three months post-operatively, between the pre operative period and six months post operatively and between three and six months postoperatively (p = 0.0005). Grip strength improved significantly as well between preoperative, three and six months postoperatively (p = 0.0005). DASH scores reflecting patient satisfaction at six months postoperatively showed only mild or moderate difficulty of function.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Clinical Effects of Krachaidum ( Kaempferia parviflora): A Systematic Review

Saokaew S, Wilairat P, Raktanyakan P, Dilokthornsakul P, Dhippayom T, Kongkaew C, et al.

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 2017 07;22(3):413-428.
PMID: 27694558 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216669628

Kaempferia parviflora (Krachaidum) is a medicinal plant in the family Zingiberaceae. Its rhizome has been used as folk medicine for many centuries. A number of pharmacological studies of Krachaidum had claimed benefits for various ailments. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically search and summarize the clinical evidences of Krachaidum in all identified indications. Of 683 records identified, 7 studies were included. From current clinical trials, Krachaidum showed positive benefits but remained inconclusive since small studies were included. Even though results found that Krachaidum significantly increased hand grip strength and enhanced sexual erotic stimuli, these were based on only 2 studies and 1 study, respectively. With regard to harmful effects, we found no adverse events reported even when Krachaidum 1.35 g/day was used. Therefore, future studies of Krachaidum are needed with regards to both safety and efficacy outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext The association between physical fitness with successful ageing and risk of cognitive impairment among Malaysian older adults

Huijin, Lau, Nor Fadilah Rajab, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Suzana Shahar

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;15(22):97-102.
MyJurnal

The expansion of ageing population has gained much public attention on the importance of healthy and successful ageing,
which is absence of major chronic diseases, preserved physiological and cognitive functioning and active engagement
with life. Previous studies have found there was a significant correlation between physical fitness with cognition. However,
the relationship between physical fitness with successful and unsuccessful cognitive ageing groups are very limited. This
study was aimed to identify the significant physical fitness components that contribute in reducing risk of cognitive decline
represented as different cognitive ageing groups. A total of 300 community-based elderly aged 60 and above from the
states of Selangor, Perak and Kelantan were recruited using multistage random sampling method in this cross-sectional
study. Cognitive function of subjects was categorized into three groups, namely Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (n
= 100), Usual Ageing (UA) (n = 100) and Successful Ageing (SA) (n = 100) based on defined criteria. Senior Fitness
Tests included 2-minute step, handgrip strength, chair stand, chair sit-and-reach, 8 foot up-and-go and back scratch
were measured to determine the cardiorespiratory fitness; muscle strength; agility and flexibility of subjects. SA group
had significantly better performance than non-SA groups in all fitness components, except for chair sit-and-reach. After
controlling for age, gender, education years and smoking status, handgrip strength and chair stand tests were associated
with a reduced risk of MCI by 7% [OR: 0.93, 95% C.I: 0.88-0.99, p < 0.05] and 15% [OR: 0.85, 95% C.I: 0.75-0.95, p <
0.01], respectively. These findings suggest that older adults with higher upper and lower body muscular strength could
serve as protective factors for cognitive impairment. Further research is warranted to evaluate the mechanism of physical
and cognitive decline such as Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) in more detailed for the purpose for promoting
healthy and successful ageing.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Health related quality of life and its associated factors among community-dwelling older people in Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional study

Damayanthi HDWT, Moy FM, Abdullah KL, Dharmaratne SD

Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2018 03 16;76:215-220.
PMID: 29567617 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.03.009

BACKGROUND: Population ageing has become a public health issue as it is associated with increased morbidity, institutionalization and death. These may directly affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of older people.
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate HRQOL and its associated factors among community-dwelling older people in Kandy district, Sri Lanka.
METHOD: This cross-sectional survey involved 1300 older people. The Euro 5D-3L, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, body mass index, handgrip strength were used to measure HRQOL, physical activity and nutritional status of older people respectively. Factors associated with health-related quality of life were identified through complex sample logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: Majority of older people (81.9%) reported poor health-related quality of life. Middle old (aOR: 12.06, 95% CI: 5.76, 25.23), very old (aOR: 174.74, 95% CI: 39.74, 768.38), vegetarian diets (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.96), under-nutrition (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.65, 7.04) and over-nutrition (aOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.28) were significantly associated with poor HRQOL. Using dentures (aOR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.90) was found as a protective factor for poor HRQOL.
CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL was poor among community-dwelling older people in Kandy district. Nutrition-related factors need to be further investigated to improve HRQOL among older people.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Probable carpal tunnel syndrome and its coping strategies among clinical dental support staff in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Nurfarah Wahidah Mohd Nor Rasid, Nurul Syafiqah Noh, Munirah Mohd Adnan, Azizah Yusoff

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2016;11(2):31-38.
MyJurnal

Prolonged work with highly repetitious flexion and extension of the wrist and forceful grip task were shown to increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among dental personnel. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence, risk factors and coping strategies of probable CTS among clinical dental support staff in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted and a set of questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic status, work-related and psychosocial risk factors and coping strategies was distributed. Ninety-five clinical dental support staff completed and returned the questionnaire with a response rate of 80.5%. The prevalence of probable CTS was 38.9%, with the highest prevalence was found among dental surgery assistants (40.5%) followed by dental technologists (29.7%). There was no significant association between work-related or psychosocial risk factors with probable CTS (p>0.05). Most of the respondents with symptoms of CTS chose religion as the coping mechanism; mean 7.11 (SD 1.13). Awareness training should be emphasized among clinical dental support staff on the prevention of CTS.

Study site: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Hemi-hamate Arthroplasty in Chronic Fracture-dislocation of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of Fingers: A Report of Two Cases

Arsad SR, Sem SH, Silvanathan JP, Muhammad Nawawi RF

Cureus, 2020 Jan 22;12(1):e6735.
PMID: 32140316 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6735

Dorsal dislocations of proximal interphalangeal joint with palmar lip fractures base of middle phalanx of fingers are rare, complex, and often a challenging injury to the treating hand surgeons especially in those chronic cases. Hemi-hamate arthroplasty is the preferred surgical option in treating chronic dorsal fracture-dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint. We report two cases with a chronic injury that have been treated with hemi-hamate arthroplasty. Range of motion, pinch and grip strengths, QuickDASH scores, complications, and radiological findings were recorded at follow-up. Good functional outcomes were observed in both patients without major complications. Hemi-hamate arthroplasty can be a reliable surgical treatment for chronic proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext Effects of Graded Exercises Integrated with Education on Physical Fitness, Exercise SelfEfficacy, and Activity Levels in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Quasi-Experimental Study Protocol

Hisham H, Justine M, Hussain H, Hasnan N, Manaf H

Asian Spine J, 2019 08;13(4):577-583.
PMID: 30866621 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2018.0172

Study Design: A quasi-experimental single-blinded study.
Purpose: To investigate the effects of 'graded exercise integrated with education' on physical fitness, exercise self-efficacy (ESE), and physical activity (PA) levels among subacute and chronic wheelchair-dependent paraplegia patients.
Overview of Literature: Most of the chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients had low physical fitness due to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of ESE after discharge from a rehabilitation program. Education may encourage them to engage with exercise to regain and maintain their physical fitness. However, there is a lack of research to support the effects of exercise integrated with education after an SCI.
Methods: A total of 44 participants will be assigned to either the experimental group (graded exercise integrated with education) or active control (conventional physical therapy). The experimental group will receive graded strength and aerobic exercise training according to their progression criteria. They will attend an education program during and after the rehabilitation program. The control group will only receive conventional physical therapy during their in-rehabilitation program. This study will be conducted during a period of 16 weeks, consisting of 8 weeks of in-rehabilitation and 8 weeks post-rehabilitation. Statistical analysis will be performed using the IBM SPSS ver. 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) at a significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: The primary outcome measures will be upper-limb isokinetic strength, isometric grip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The secondary outcomes will be ESE and PA levels.
Conclusions: An intervention that combines exercise training and education may be warranted to enhance the physical fitness, ESE, and PA levels in SCI patients. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03420170).

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Fulltext A brief review on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training

Hazwani Ahmad Yusof, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):179-189.
MyJurnal

Exercise has been suggested as the best and the most affordable way for managing blood pressure. The insertion/ deletion of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphism had been reported to be linked with sev- eral diseases such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several studies showed that blood pressure response to exercise training for health management also vary among individuals with different genotypes of ACE I/D gene poly- morphism. A study of 9 months of endurance exercise training at 75 to 85 % of VO2max showed that the decrease of resting blood pressure in I allele carriers wass greater than D allele carriers. In contrast, other study discovered that adult women with D allele had greater reduction in resting blood pressure than those with I allele, following a 12-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. Despite the inconsistencies of some findings, it has remained unknown if the ACE I/D gene polymorphism would also influence blood pressure response to isometric handgrip training that had been found to be superior to the dynamic resistance exercise training in controlling and preventing high blood pressure. Thus, this article was to review the literature on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training that could serve as the basis for future research to identify individuals who will lower resting blood pressure the most with exercise training program for health management.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength
Gamification in rehabilitation of metacarpal fracture using cost-effective end-user device: A randomized controlled trial

Then JW, Shivdas S, Tunku Ahmad Yahaya TS, Ab Razak NI, Choo PT

J Hand Ther, 2020 05 16;33(2):235-242.
PMID: 32430167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2020.03.029

STUDY DESIGN: This is a two-group randomized controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION: Finger stiffness after treatment for metacarpal fractures often occurs due to poor compliance to the conventional rehabilitation programs. Gamification has shown success in improving adherence to and effectiveness of various therapies.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gamification, using cost-effective devices was comparable with conventional physiotherapy in improving hand functions and adherence to rehabilitation in metacarpal fractures.
METHODS: A 2-group randomized controlled trial involving 19 patients was conducted. Participants were randomized to a control (conventional physiotherapy, n = 10) or interventional group (gamification, n = 9). The grips strength and composite finger range of motion were measured at the baseline and each follow-up together with Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation scores and compliance.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences on improvements of grip strength (means difference 24.38 vs 20.44, P = .289) and composite finger range of motion (means difference 50.50 vs 51.11, P = .886). However, the gamification group showed better results in Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (mean 0.44 vs 8.45, P = .038) and compliance (P hand rehabilitation after metacarpal fractures. It effectively serves as a guide for future development of cost-effective technology-enhanced therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand Strength

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