Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 267 in total

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  1. Fulltext Factors associated with mental health problems among Malaysian children: a large population-based study
    Sahril N, Ahmad NA, Idris IB, Sooryanarayana R, Abd Razak MA
    Children (Basel), 2021 Feb 07;8(2).
    PMID: 33562212 DOI: 10.3390/children8020119
    Mental health problems are a major public health issue, particularly among children. They impair children's development, academic achievement, and ability to live a productive life. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems among children aged 5 to 15 years old in Malaysia. Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 were analyzed. A validated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. The overall prevalence of mental health problems among children in Malaysia was 11.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that for every year increment in age, mental health problems decreased by 5%. Further analysis found that children who had fathers with a non-formal education and worked in the private sector, had parents who were widowed or divorced, and had either parent with mental health problems were more likely to have mental health problems themselves. Children from the lower socioeconomic group and who had either parent with mental health problems had higher odds of having mental health problems in Malaysia.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2015)
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  2. Disparity Between Indications for and Utilization of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Asian Patients With Heart Failure
    Chia YMF, Teng TK, Tan ESJ, Tay WT, Richards AM, Chin CWL, et al.
    Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2017 Nov;10(11).
    PMID: 29150533 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003651
    BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are lifesaving devices for patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction. However, utilization and determinants of ICD insertion in Asia are poorly defined. We determined the utilization, associations of ICD uptake, patient-perceived barriers to device therapy and, impact of ICDs on mortality in Asian patients with HF.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the prospective ASIAN-HF (Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure) registry, 5276 patients with symptomatic HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) from 11 Asian regions and across 3 income regions (high: Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan; middle: China, Malaysia, and Thailand; and low: India, Indonesia, and Philippines) were studied. ICD utilization, clinical characteristics, as well as device perception and knowledge, were assessed at baseline among ICD-eligible patients (EF ≤35% and New York Heart Association Class II-III). Patients were followed for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality. Among 3240 ICD-eligible patients (mean age 58.9±12.9 years, 79.1% men), 389 (12%) were ICD recipients. Utilization varied across Asia (from 1.5% in Indonesia to 52.5% in Japan) with a trend toward greater uptake in regions with government reimbursement for ICDs and lower out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure. ICD (versus non-ICD) recipients were more likely to be older (63±11 versus 58±13 year; P<0.001), have tertiary (versus ≤primary) education (34.9% versus 18.1%; P<0.001) and be residing in a high (versus low) income region (64.5% versus 36.5%; P<0.001). Among 2000 ICD nonrecipients surveyed, 55% were either unaware of the benefits of, or needed more information on, device therapy. ICD implantation reduced risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.97) and sudden cardiac deaths (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.79) over a median follow-up of 417 days.

    CONCLUSIONS: ICDs reduce mortality risk, yet utilization in Asia is low; with disparity across geographic regions and socioeconomic status. Better patient education and targeted healthcare reforms in extending ICD reimbursement may improve access.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01633398. Unique identifier: NCT01633398.

    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity/trends
  3. Treatment of chronic airway diseases using nutraceuticals: Mechanistic insight
    Allam VSRR, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Shastri MD, Gupta G, Shukla SD, et al.
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2021 May 12.
    PMID: 33977840 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915744
    Respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic, are reported to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people globally, leading to high socio-economic burden for the society in the recent decades. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are the common symptoms of respiratory diseases. The current treatment strategies revolve around using appropriate anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. A range of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are currently available in the market; however, the usage of such medications is limited due to the potential for various adverse effects. To cope with this issue, researchers have been exploring various novel, alternative therapeutic strategies that are safe and effective to treat respiratory diseases. Several studies have been reported on the possible links between food and food-derived products in combating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutraceuticals are examples of such food-derived products which are gaining much interest in terms of its usage for the well-being and better human health. As a consequence, intensive research is currently aimed at identifying novel nutraceuticals, and there is an emerging notion that nutraceuticals can have a positive impact in various respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nutraceuticals in altering the various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitigating the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  4. Fulltext Factors Associated with Deep Surgical Site Infection Following Spinal Surgery: A Pilot Study
    Khan ES, Kow RY, Arifin KBBM, Komahen C, Low CL, Lim BC
    Cureus, 2019 Apr 03;11(4):e4377.
    PMID: 31218142 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4377
    Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common healthcare-related infection in surgical patients. Patients who have undergone spinal surgeries and have contracted postoperative SSI face increased morbidity and mortality, which invariably leads to additional burden on the healthcare system and higher costs. The risk factors for the increase in SSI in patients who have undergone spinal surgery have been investigated in numerous studies but no studies have been performed in Malaysia. The aim of this pilot study is to determine the incidence and factors associated with deep SSIs in patients that have undergone spinal surgeries. Methods This retrospective study includes all patients who underwent spinal surgeries at Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017. Patients with an active spinal infection, polytrauma, and open fractures were excluded from this study. Patient characteristics and laboratory investigations were extracted to determine the risk factors for deep SSI events. Associations between SSI and risk factors were analyzed with SPSS V21.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results The univariate analysis indicated that fracture dislocation at the thoraco-lumbar junction (p=0.008) and a history of preoperative blood product transfusion (p=0.003) were associated with deep SSI. Other factors such as age (p=0.162), gender (p=0.262), body mass index (p=0.215), smoking status (0.272), number of vertebrae involved in the surgery (p=0.837), spinal cord involvement (p=0.259), postoperative hemoglobin reduction (p=0.816), and preoperative white blood cell count (p=0.278) were not associated with deep SSI. Conclusions This pilot study highlights the factors associated with deep SSI in spinal surgeries. A larger study is needed to further confirm these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  5. Fulltext Two-Year Outcome of Synthetic Annular Ligament Reconstruction in the Elbow: A Case Report
    Kesu Belani L, Abdullah S, Harun MH, Narin Singh PSG, Sapuan J
    Cureus, 2020 Nov 19;12(11):e11564.
    PMID: 33364091 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11564
    Monteggia fracture is commonly treated with open anatomical reduction and fixation of the ulna fracture. The radial head will be automatically reduced once anatomical fixation of the ulna is achieved. However, it is occasionally associated with an irreducible radial head dislocation requiring an open reduction and reconstruction of the torn annular ligament. We describe a case of traumatic Monteggia fracture which underwent initial plating, however post-operative radiograph denoted an irreducible radial head secondary to a ruptured annular ligament. We reconstructed the annular ligament with a synthetic graft sling around the radial neck with an anchor suture. The radial head was stable in all directions after annular ligament reconstruction. A two-year follow-up shows full range of motion of the elbow joint with osteolysis of the radial head, no other operative morbidity was observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  6. Nanodiagnostic Attainments and Clinical Perspectives on C-Reactive Protein: Cardiovascular Disease Risks Assessment
    Letchumanan I, Arshad MKM, Gopinath SCB
    Curr Med Chem, 2021;28(5):986-1002.
    PMID: 31971105 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200123092648
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both men and women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ischemic heart disease is the major issue due to the narrowing of the coronary artery by plaque formation on the artery wall, which causes an inadequate flow of oxygen and blood to the heart and is called 'coronary artery disease'. The CVD death rate increased by up to 15% in 2016 (~17.6 million) compared to the past decade. This tremendous increment urges the development of a suitable biomarker for rapid and early diagnosis. Currently, C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered an outstanding biomarker for quick and accurate outcomes in clinical analyses. Various techniques have also been used to diagnose CVD, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), colorimetric assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluoro-immunoassays, chemiluminescent assays, and electrical measurements. This review discusses such diagnostic strategies and how current, cutting-edge technologies have enabled the development of high-performance detection methodologies. Concluding remarks have been made concerning the clinical significance and the use of nanomaterial in medical diagnostics towards nanotheranostics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  7. The effects of glycemic control on morbidity and survival among diabetic patients
    Hammad MA, Syed Sulaiman SA, Abubakar U, Mohamed Noor DA
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2019 01 16;13(2):1035-1040.
    PMID: 31336440 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.001
    AIMS: The study intended to investigate the impact of controlled glycemia on morbidity and estimated 10-year survival (ES-10Y).

    METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted at General Penang Hospital, Malaysia. Demographic criteria and laboratory tests of patients were investigated. Controlled glycemia (CG) was recognized as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤7% depending on American Diabetes Association guidelines 2018. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to estimate the confounding influence of co-morbidities and predict ES-10Y. Data was managed by IBM-SPSS 23.0.

    RESULTS: A total of 400 cases categorized to (44.25%) patients with CG, and (55.75%) cases had uncontrolled glycemia (UCG). HbA1c mean in CG and UCG group was (6.8 ± 0.9 vs 9.5 ± 1.6, P-value: 0.001). Fasting blood glucose was (7 ± 2.3 vs. 9.9 ± 4.3, P-value: 0.001) in CG and UCG group. CCI was (3.38 ± 2.38 vs. 4.42 ± 2.70, P-value: 0.001) and, ES-10Y was (62% vs 46.2%, p-value: 0.001) in CG vs. UCG respectively. Spearman test indicates a negative correlation between CG and CCI (r: 0.19, p-value: 0.001). Logistic regression confirmed HbA1c as a significant predictor of CCI (r2: 0.036, P-value: 0.001). CG has a positive correlation with survival (r: 0.16, P-value: 0.001) and logistic regression of survival (r2: 0.26, P-value: 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: More than one-half of the investigated persons had UCG. Controlled HbA1c was associated with lower co-morbidities and higher ES-10Y.

    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  8. Low Acceptance of Surgery Results in High Morbidity and Mortality Among Asian Patients With IBD
    Rajaram RB, Hilmi IN, Roslani AC
    Dis Colon Rectum, 2020 04;63(4):415-417.
    PMID: 32132461 DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001606
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity/trends
  9. Fulltext Body mass index and illness in rural Sarawak
    Strickland SS, Ulijaszek SJ
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 1994 Nov;48 Suppl 3:S98-108; discussion S108-9.
    PMID: 7843165
    This paper reports findings of a cross-sectional anthropometric survey of 447 men and 564 women aged > 18 years of the Iban tribe in rural Sarawak. The percentage of each approximately 10 year cohort with body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) < 18.5 increased progressively with age > 40 years in both sexes. BMI and arm-muscle plus bone cross-sectional area (AMBA) were influenced significantly by reported single symptoms in men and two concurrent symptoms in women. Sensitivity of BMI < 18.5 for identifying those reporting symptoms of illness was 21% in men and 29% in women. Independently of illness effects, values of stature, BMI and AMBA in men, and stature alone in women, were significantly greater in those farming plots with the shortest time left fallow, suggesting their comparative success. The BMI of men may reflect primarily their economic activities, while that of women their experience of illness; the AMBA may also be a better overall index of health than BMI in this population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity*
  10. Body mass index, ageing and differential reported morbidity in rural Sarawak
    Strickland SS, Ulijaszek SJ
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 1993 Jan;47(1):9-19.
    PMID: 8422876
    Classifications of adult low energy nutritional status based on the Quetelet or body mass index (weight/height2) have often assumed independence of age and sex. This paper reports findings of a study of 447 men and 564 women aged over 18 years and belonging to the Iban tribe of central Sarawak, East Malaysia. BMI and fat-free mass fell markedly in both sexes, and fat mass in women but not men, after about 40 years of age. In men over age 40, and women aged 18-40, BMI was sensitive to reported morbidity. For subjects aged over 40 years, BMI was related to morbidity independently of age effects in men, and to age alone in women. These findings suggest that the functional significance of low BMI differs between the sexes and with age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity*
  11. Fulltext Nutraceutical Use among Patients with Chronic Disease Attending Outpatient Clinics in a Tertiary Hospital
    Mahmood NA, Hassan MR, Ahmad S, Mohd Nawi H, Pang NTP, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2020;2020:9814815.
    PMID: 33224262 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9814815
    Food-drug interphase products, referring to nutraceuticals in this study, are a category of health products containing a combination of food ingredients with active substances for oral consumption. Many of these products are marketed as an alternative to prescription medicine to treat various ailments despite the lack of scientific evidence, influencing patients with chronic diseases to consume nutraceutical products. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice of nutraceutical use among patients with chronic disease attending to the outpatient clinic. This is a cross-sectional study involving patients with chronic disease at the outpatient specialist clinic. Samples were recruited from the outpatient clinic using convenience sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which was self-constructed and validated. We found that the use of nutraceuticals was prevalent among 17.9% of respondents. More than half (60.9%) of the respondents have poor knowledge of nutraceutical and 53.1% of respondents have a positive attitude towards nutraceutical. Gender and morbidities were the factors associated with the practice of nutraceutical usage. Female patients are more likely to have increased use of nutraceutical than male patients and patients with multiple morbidities have higher odds of using nutraceutical than patients with single morbidities. There is a high number of patients who consume nutraceutical products and public knowledge of nutraceutical needs to be improved further. The government should develop appropriate regulation and monitoring of nutraceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  12. Fulltext Morbidity patterns in elderly patients presenting to a family practice
    Teoh LC, Chan SC
    Family Physician, 2003;12(1):24-28.
    The morbidity patterns of elderly patients presenting to a family physician clinic was studied by the attending physician completing a questionnaire on all elderly patients aged 60 and above attending the clinic between 1st January to 31st March 2000. 612 elderly patients registered during the study period. The most common presentations included upper respiratory tract infections (21.6%), hypertension and diabetes mellitus (18%), gastritis/dyspepsia (5.0%) and injuries (5.0%), Musculoskeletal complaints (backache, gout, osteoarthritis) and anxiety were also among the top 10 most common presenting complaints. Injuries were mainly soft tissue injuries and sprains sustained at home. Some were preventable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  13. Morbidity in primary care
    Teng CL, Krishnan R
    Family Physician, 1995;7:1-2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  14. The demographic and morbidity patterns seen in an outpatient department in a Malaysian General Hospital
    Chan SC
    Family Physician, 1995;7:3-10.
    This study aimed to established baseline data on patients' demographic and morbidity patterns over three months in the Outpatients Department (OPD) Ipoh Hospital. Entry of the first ten thousand patients into a computerised database for analysis showed that the majority were unemployed and from the low income group. There were more Malays and Indians, less Chinese. Respiratory infections accounted for 18.5 % while major chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma) were common. Overall a wide spectrum of illnesses were seen. A career structure for OPD doctors and incorporation of Family Medicine concepts were proposed to improve primary care in OPD.
    Study site: Outpatients Department (OPD), Hospital Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  15. Calcium supplementation to decrease the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a review
    Manju K
    Family Physician, 1994;6:6-8.
    Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity. Epidemiologic observations have shown an inverse association between calcium intake and incidence of eclampsia. Calcium supplementation has been reported to decrease blood pressure in pregnant women, although this remains controversial. The mechanism responsible for the effect of calcium on hypertinsion in pregnant women is unknown. This paper is a review of some of the recent calcium supplementation trials that have been carried out and their effectiveness in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreasing the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  16. Fulltext Comparing morbidity patterns in two government health centers and four private GP clinics in the Kinta district
    Ding HJ, Chan SC
    Family Physician, 2003;12(2&3):25-29.
    The morbidity patterns and demographics of patients presenting to two government health centers and four private general practice clinics were studied over one week. Results showed little difference in the morbidity patterns but a significant difference in the demographics of the patients. The commonest illnesses seen were minor ones like upper respiratory tract infection and chronic ones like hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A wide spectrum of illnesses was seen in all the clinics. Both places handled few emergencies and referred only occasionally. There was an equal percentage of patients from both sexes. Ages of the patients varied from place to place and the racial distribution was influenced by several factors, including the existing patient population and the race of the doctor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  17. Fulltext Medical problems in an oil palm estate
    Chua WT, Lim CH
    Family Practitioner, 1982;5(3):49-53.
    Oil palm estates and associated industries employ a fair proportion of workers. Good medical care benefits both the employers and the employees. The pattern of illness is not very different from that found in general practice. However, certain environmental factors, the nature of occupation and the water supply can influence the increased incidence of certain diseases. Upper respiratory tract infection, acute gastroenteritis, contact dermatitis (eczemas & rashes) eye, and ear diseases, injuries and musculoskeletal diseases are the commonest causes of morbidity. The resident doctor, who has a good knowledge of the environment of his patients is in the best position to practise preventive medicine or early intervention, thereby reducing illnesses and improving productivity of the workers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  18. Fulltext HLA-DRB1*04 as a Risk Allele to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis in the Malay Population of Malaysia
    Selvaraja M, Chin VK, Abdullah M, Arip M, Amin-Nordin S
    Front Med (Lausanne), 2020;7:598665.
    PMID: 33644084 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.598665
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease afflicting multiple organs. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of SLE and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Curative therapy remains unavailable as etiology from genetic and environmental factors is still unclear. The present study was conducted to elucidate the link between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms with SLE and LN through clinical and laboratory/biological presentations in a population of Malaysian Malay females with SLE. A total of 100 Malay female SLE patients inclusive of 70 SLE patients without LN and 30 patients with LN were included in this study. HLA-DRB1 allele examination in SLE patients was performed using PCR-SSO, and the alleles' frequencies were compared with 951 publicly available datasets representing Malay healthy controls in Malaysia. Cytokines and free radical levels were detected by ELISA and bead-based multiplexed Luminex assays. The association between HLA-DRB1 alleles with clinical and serological manifestations and immune mediators was analyzed using different statistical approaches whenever applicable. Our study showed that HLA-DRB1*0405, HLA-DRB1*1502, and HLA-DRB1*1602 were associated with the increased risk of SLE while HLA-DRB1*1201 and HLADRB1*1202 alleles were associated with a lower risk of SLE development. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04 showed significant association to LN and arthritis while HLA-DRB1*15 was significantly associated with oral ulcer in Malay SLE patients. Association analysis of HLA-DRB1*04 with clinical and biological factors revealed that HLA-DRB1*04 was significantly associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood, and total protein in the urine. SLE carriers with the HLA-DRB1*04 allele were significantly correlated to the increased levels of cytokines (IFN-y, GM-CSF, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, and VEGF) and were significantly showing negative correlation to IL-5 and free radicals (LPO and catalase enzyme) levels compared to SLE carriers without HLA-DRB1*04 allele. The results suggested that disease severity in SLE may be determined by HLA-DRB1 alleles. The risk of HLA-DRB1*04 allele with LN was supported by the demonstration of an intense inflammatory response in Malay SLE patients in Malaysia. More studies inclusive of a larger and multiple SLE cohorts in the future are warranted to validate these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
  19. Fulltext Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) Are Protective Against ICU Admission and Mortality for Patients With COVID-19 Disease
    ElAbd R, AlTarrah D, AlYouha S, Bastaki H, Almazeedi S, Al-Haddad M, et al.
    Front Med (Lausanne), 2021;8:600385.
    PMID: 33748156 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.600385
    Introduction: Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of being on an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and/or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) on hospital admission, on the following COVID-19 outcomes: disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality. Methods: The charts of all patients consecutively diagnosed with COVID-19 from the 24th of February to the 16th of June of the year 2020 in Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah hospital in Kuwait were checked. All related patient information and clinical data was retrieved from the hospitals electronic medical record system. The primary outcome was COVID-19 disease severity defined as the need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Secondary outcome was mortality. Results: A total of 4,019 COVID-19 patients were included, of which 325 patients (8.1%) used ACEI/ARB, users of ACEI/ARB were found to be significantly older (54.4 vs. 40.5 years). ACEI/ARB users were found to have more co-morbidities; diabetes (45.8 vs. 14.8%) and hypertension (92.9 vs. 13.0%). ACEI/ARB use was found to be significantly associated with greater risk of ICU admission in the unadjusted analysis [OR, 1.51 (95% CI: 1.04-2.19), p = 0.028]. After adjustment for age, gender, nationality, coronary artery disease, diabetes and hypertension, ICU admission was found to be inversely associated with ACEI use [OR, 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34-0.88), p = 0.01] and inversely associated with mortality [OR, 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33-0.95), p = 0.032]. Conclusion: The current evidence in the literature supports continuation of ACEI/ARB medications for patients with co-morbidities that acquire COVID-19 infection. Although, the protective effects of such medications on COVID-19 disease severity and mortality remain unclear, the findings of the present study support the use of ACEI/ARB medication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity; Comorbidity
  20. Fulltext Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan
    Hayat K, Arshed M, Fiaz I, Afreen U, Khan FU, Khan TA, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2021;9:603602.
    PMID: 33981657 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.603602
    Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly increased the rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide due to its rapid transmission rate. The mental health status of individuals could have a negative impact attributed to this global situation. Therefore, this study was intended to explore the symptoms of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) of Pakistan during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken by administering a web-based questionnaire between May and June 2020. Two tools, including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), were employed to measure anxiety and depression symptoms among HCWs. The data analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics, Man Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Of 1094 HCWs who participated in this online survey, 742 (67.8%) were physicians, followed by nurses (n = 277, 25.3%) and pharmacists (n = 75, 6.9%). The survey respondents had a median depression and anxiety score of 5.00 (7.00-3.00) and 8.00 (11.00-5.00), respectively. A considerable number of HCWs (82.2%) utilized online psychological resources to deal with their psychological distress. Female HCWs, nurses, frontline HCWs, and HCWs aged 30-49 years were more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety (p < 0.05). Conclusion: During the recent ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, there is a mild level of symptoms of depression and anxiety among HCWs. Our findings call for urgent psychological interventions for vulnerable groups of Pakistani HCWs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
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