Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 77 in total

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  1. Paraphilometroides nemipteri gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the marine fish Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes) from Malaysia
    Moravec F, Shaharom-Harrison F
    Folia Parasitol., 1989;36(4):345-50.
    PMID: 2488050
    A new nematode species, Paraphilometroides nemipteri sp. n. is described from the female specimens collected from the dorsal fin and operculum of the marine perciforme fish, Nemipterus peronii off Kuala Terengganu coastal waters in Malaysia. It considerably differs from all other species in Philometridae in the structure of the head end (presence of wide dorsal and ventral cephalic cuticular alae supported by special inner transverse muscular formations) and, therefore, a new genus Paraphilometroides gen. n. has been erected to accommodate it. Additional characteristic features of P. nemipteri are the presence of cuticular bosses on the body, eight cephalic papillae in the outer circle and four small papillae in the inner circle, and the absence of caudal protrusions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/anatomy & histology; Nematoda/classification*
  2. New hosts of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis Bhaibulaya and Cross, 1971 in Malaysia
    Liat LB
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1974 Sep;5(3):379-84.
    PMID: 4432098
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/anatomy & histology*; Nematoda/isolation & purification
  3. Fulltext Endo-parasite fauna of rodents caught in five wet markets in Kuala Lumpur and its potential zoonotic implications
    Paramasvaran S, Sani RA, Hassan L, Hanjeet K, Krishnasamy M, John J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Apr;26(1):67-72.
    PMID: 19696729
    Rodents were collected from five wet markets (Chow Kit, Dato Keramat, Setapak, Jinjang and Kepong) in Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory between March to April 2006. Ninety seven rats were trapped using wire traps measuring 29 x 22 x 50 cm baited with fruits, coconuts, dried fish or sweet potatoes. A total of 17 different species of parasites were identified from three species of rats out of which 11 (65%) were identified to be zoonotic. The helminths identified from the urban rats were nematodes- Capillaria hepatica, Gongylonema neoplasticum, Heterakis spumosa, Heterakis sp., Masterphorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Physolaptera sp., Pterogodermatis sp., Rictularia tani and Syphacia muris; cestodes- Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis sabnema, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina sp. and Taenia taeniaeformis, and acanthocephalan- Moniliformis moniliformis. The following parasites are of potential medical importance: C. hepatica, G. neoplasticum, R. tani, S. muris, H. diminuta, H. nana, Raillietina sp. and T. taeniaeformis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/classification; Nematoda/isolation & purification
  4. Occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes in captive nonhuman primates at Matang Wildlife Centre, Sarawak
    Teo SZ, Tuen AA, Madinah A, Aban S, Chong YL
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):594-603.
    PMID: 33597481
    Gastrointestinal nematodes can cause assorted health problems to human and other primates. The status of gastrointestinal nematodes in non-human primates remained less documented in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from the fecal samples of captive non-human primates at the Matang Wildlife Centre (MWC), Sarawak. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 60 non-human primates of six species (i.e. Orangutan, Bornean gibbon, Silvered Leaf monkey, Slow loris, Pig-tailed macaque, and Long-tailed macaque) and processed using simple fecal floatation method and fecal sedimentation method. This study shows high prevalence of nematode infection (>=50%) and co-infection (22 from 45 infected individuals) in all species of captive non-human primates found in MWC, except one individual of young Silvered Leaf monkey was negative for nematode. From these, eight genera of 11 species and one unknown nematode larvae were recovered and among them Oesophagostomum sp., Ascaris sp., and Strongyloides sp. were the most common nematodes infecting the non-human primates. All the Bornean gibbon (n=7) were found to be infected with nematodes. Moreover, Long-tailed macaques at the centre were heavily infected by Ascaris sp. (number of total count, nt = 2132; total mean abundance, MA=113.70). This is the first report of high prevalence nematode infection on multiple species of captive non-human primates in a wildlife centre located in Sarawak. Some of the nematodes are of zoonotic potential. This information is important for health care management, both in-situ and ex-situ conservations of captive and free-ranging nonhuman primates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/classification; Nematoda/isolation & purification
  5. Fulltext Breakdown of coevolution between symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia and their filarial hosts
    Lefoulon E, Bain O, Makepeace BL, d'Haese C, Uni S, Martin C, et al.
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e1840.
    PMID: 27069790 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1840
    Wolbachia is an alpha-proteobacterial symbiont widely distributed in arthropods. Since the identification of Wolbachia in certain animal-parasitic nematodes (the Onchocercidae or filariae), the relationship between arthropod and nematode Wolbachia has attracted great interest. The obligate symbiosis in filariae, which renders infected species susceptible to antibiotic chemotherapy, was held to be distinct from the Wolbachia-arthropod relationship, typified by reproductive parasitism. While co-evolutionary signatures in Wolbachia-arthropod symbioses are generally weak, reflecting horizontal transmission events, strict co-evolution between filariae and Wolbachia has been reported previously. However, the absence of close outgroups for phylogenetic studies prevented the determination of which host group originally acquired Wolbachia. Here, we present the largest co-phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia in filariae performed to date including: (i) a screening and an updated phylogeny of Wolbachia; (ii) a co-phylogenetic analysis; and (iii) a hypothesis on the acquisition of Wolbachia infection. First, our results show a general overestimation of Wolbachia occurrence and support the hypothesis of an ancestral absence of infection in the nematode phylum. The accuracy of supergroup J is also underlined. Second, although a global pattern of coevolution remains, the signal is derived predominantly from filarial clades associated with Wolbachia in supergroups C and J. In other filarial clades, harbouring Wolbachia supergroups D and F, horizontal acquisitions and secondary losses are common. Finally, our results suggest that supergroup C is the basal Wolbachia clade within the Ecdysozoa. This hypothesis on the origin of Wolbachia would change drastically our understanding of Wolbachia evolution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
  6. Copro-molecular identification of intestinal nematode infections in a rural community in East Malaysia
    Hassan NA, Thodsapol A, Lim YAL, Wan Sulaiman WY, Sidi Omar SFN, Umsakul K, et al.
    Parasitol Int, 2021 Feb;80:102237.
    PMID: 33144195 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102237
    Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are the most common intestinal parasitic infections of medical importance in humans. The infections are widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical countries, particularly among disadvantaged and underprivileged communities. In Malaysia, STH infections is highly prevalent, especially among the indigenous groups. However, species identification through molecular studies is still lacking. Using molecular techniques, this study was conducted to identify STH species that infect humans. Faecal samples were collected from three Iban tribal longhouses in the rural area of Sarikei Division, Sarawak. Positive faecal samples by microscopy were subjected to PCR and sequenced for species identification. Based on the microscopy examination, the most prevalent STH infection was Ascaris, followed by hookworm and Trichuris. All microscopy-positive samples were then PCR-amplified. The amplicons were sequenced, aligned, and compared with other sequences in the GenBank database. The results showed that Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant STH species, followed by Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. Our findings were contradictory to past studies, as we showed that A. duodenale was more abundant than N. americanus. Socioeconomic improvement and health education programs should be included in the management and prevention of public health strategies against STH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/classification; Nematoda/genetics; Nematoda/isolation & purification*
  7. Fulltext Helminthic parasites of scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) from villages in Penang Island, Malaysia
    Abdul Wahab Rahman, Hasber Salim, Mohd Shafiq Ghause
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2009;20(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Sixty scavenging chickens from villages in Penang were examined for their state of nutrition or body condition and the presence of helminthic parasites. The majority of the chickens were of poor body condition. More than 66.7% (females) and 73.3% (males) belonged to the ‘below normal’ category of general body condition. A total of eight different helminth species were recovered from the trachea and the gastrointestinal tract of the various chickens. Four of the species were nematodes and the rest were cestodes. No trematodes were recovered from the chickens. The highest mean worm burden was recorded for the cestode Raillietina echinobothrida while the lowest was the nematode, Ascaridia galli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
  8. Fauna diversity in pitcher plants at Setiam Hill, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Marina M, John Keen C, Caroline B, Afsar J
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:19-25.
    A study was carried out to determine the diversity and enumerate the fauna species related to five pitcher plant species at a selected area in Bukit Setiam Forest, Tatau, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. At the end of the study, six insect orders together with nematodes and Araneae were detected with different existence abundances and diversity. From the 901 total fauna trapped, 58.82% belonged to the order Hymenoptera, mainly of the ant species, followed by Nematodes (21.64%), Diptera (15.87%), Coleoptera (1.66%), Hemiptera (0.89%), Blattaria (0.44%) and finally, Lepidoptera (0.33%) and Araneae (0.33%). Significant differences (p<0.05) in the composition of insect trapped in pitcher plants were observed for the order Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and even Nematodes. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed for Coleoptera, Blattaria and Araneae. There is a strong relationship between fauna and Nepenthes pitcher either as a prey, predator, a mutualistic relationship or parasites or also for a habitat to live or to reproduce.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
  9. Fulltext Migrant Workers in Malaysia: Current Implications of Sociodemographic and Environmental Characteristics in the Transmission of Intestinal Parasitic Infections
    Sahimin N, Lim YA, Ariffin F, Behnke JM, Lewis JW, Mohd Zain SN
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2016 Nov;10(11):e0005110.
    PMID: 27806046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005110
    A cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections amongst migrant workers in Malaysia was conducted. A total of 388 workers were recruited from five sectors including manufacturing, construction, plantation, domestic and food services. The majority were recruited from Indonesia (n = 167, 43.3%), followed by Nepal (n = 81, 20.9%), Bangladesh (n = 70, 18%), India (n = 47, 12.1%) and Myanmar (n = 23, 5.9.2%). A total of four nematode species (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis and hookworms), one cestode (Hymenolepis nana) and three protozoan species (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium spp.) were identified. High prevalence of infections with A. lumbricoides (43.3%) was recorded followed by hookworms (13.1%), E. histolytica/dispar (11.6%), Giardia sp. (10.8%), T. trichura (9.5%), Cryptosporodium spp. (3.1%), H. nana (1.8%) and E. vermicularis (0.5%). Infections were significantly influenced by socio-demographic (nationality), and environmental characteristics (length of working years in the country, employment sector and educational level). Up to 84.0% of migrant workers from Nepal and 83.0% from India were infected with intestinal parasites, with the ascarid nematode A. lumbricoides occurring in 72.8% of the Nepalese and 68.1% of the Indian population. In addition, workers with an employment history of less than a year or newly arrived in Malaysia were most likely to show high levels of infection as prevalence of workers infected with A. lumbricoides was reduced from 58.2% to 35.4% following a year's residence. These findings suggest that improvement is warranted in public health and should include mandatory medical screening upon entry into the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/classification; Nematoda/genetics; Nematoda/isolation & purification
  10. Fulltext Intraocular nematode with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: case report
    Yusoff M, Alwi AA, Said MM, Zakariah S, Ghani ZA, Zunaina E
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2011;11:15.
    PMID: 21679403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-11-15
    Live intraocular nematode is a rare occurrence. Nematode can migrate actively within the eye, creating visual symptoms and damaging ocular tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/physiology
  11. An assessment of thiabendazole-resistant nematodes in some smallholder goat farms of Malaysia using the egg hatch assay method
    Rahman WA
    Vet Parasitol, 1993 Dec;51(1-2):159-61.
    PMID: 8128581
    Faecal samples were collected from 48 randomly selected smallholder goat farms in northern Peninsular Malaysia. The nematode eggs extracted were tested for resistance to thiabendazole using the egg hatch assay technique. Thiabendazole resistance was found on 19% of farms tested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/drug effects*
  12. [On three Trichostrongylides Nematodes parasites of the Tupaiidae]
    Durette-Desset MC, Chabaud AG
    Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1975 Mar-Apr;50(2):173-85.
    PMID: 1163943
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/classification
  13. Boer goats appear to lack a functional IgA and eosinophil response against natural nematode infection
    Basripuzi NH, Salisi MS, Isa NMM, Busin V, Cairns C, Jenvey C, et al.
    Vet Parasitol, 2018 Dec 15;264:18-25.
    PMID: 30503086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.014
    Gastrointestinal nematode infection is one of the major diseases affecting small ruminants. Although some breeds of goats are quite resistant, many breeds of goats are relatively susceptible. This study used a combined parasitological, immunological, bioinformatic and statistical approach to examine the role of goat IgA and eosinophils in protection against Teladorsagia circumcincta. Molecular modelling suggested that the transmembrane domain of the high affinity IgA receptor was dysfunctional in goats. Statistical analyses failed to find any association in naturally infected goats between high IgA or eosinophil responses and low faecal egg counts. Together these results indicate that IgA and eosinophil responses against T. circumcincta are less effective in goats than sheep.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/immunology
  14. Parasite fauna of the house rat Rattus rattus diardii in Kuala Lumpur and nearby villages
    Leong Tak Seng, Lim Boo Liat, Yap LF, Krishnasamy M
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1979 Mar;10(1):122-6.
    PMID: 483007
    One hundred and fifty one house rats, Rattus rattus diardii from five different localities, Jinjang, Dato Keramat, Kuala Lumpur, Sungai Besi and Selayang Baru, were examined for parasites. Nineteen species of parasites were recovered. Hymenolepis diminuta and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis are the predominant species. The dominancy of the parasite species in the rats differed in each locality: Hymenolepis diminuta in Dato Keramat and Kuala Lumpur; Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in Sungai Besi; Gongylomena neoplasticum in Jinjang and Selayang Baru. The influences of human habitats on the parasite fauna of house rats are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/isolation & purification
  15. Cheilospirura species (gizzard worm) infection in battery-caged commercial layer chickens
    Ganapathy K, Sharma RS
    Vet Rec, 2003 Dec 6;153(23):716-7.
    PMID: 14690078
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/isolation & purification
  16. Studies on the nematode parasites of Malaysian rodents. I. The Rhabdiasidea, Trichuridea and Oxyuridea
    Ow-Yang CK
    J Helminthol, 1971;45(2):93-109.
    PMID: 5123705
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda/classification*
  17. Fulltext Transcriptional alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans following exposure to an anthelmintic fraction of the plant Picria fel-terrae Lour
    Kumarasingha R, Young ND, Yeo TC, Lim DSL, Tu CL, Palombo EA, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2019 Apr 25;12(1):181.
    PMID: 31023350 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3429-4
    BACKGROUND: Natural compounds from plants are known to provide a source of anthelmintic molecules. In previous studies, we have shown that plant extracts from the plant Picria fel-terrae Lour. and particular fractions thereof have activity against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, causing quite pronounced stress responses in this nematode. We have also shown that a fraction, designated Pf-fraction 5, derived from this plant has a substantial adverse effect on this worm; however, nothing is known about the molecular processes affected in the worm. In the present study, we explored this aspect.

    RESULTS: Key biological processes linked to upregulated genes (n = 214) included 'response to endoplasmic reticulum stress' and 'lipid metabolism', and processes representing downregulated genes (n = 357) included 'DNA-conformation change' and 'cellular lipid metabolism'.

    CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of C. elegans to Pf-fraction 5 induces significant changes in the transcriptome. Gene ontology analysis suggests that Pf-fraction 5 induces endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress, and the changes in gene expression are either a direct or indirect consequence of this. Further work is required to assess specific responses to sub-fractions of Pf-fraction 5 in time-course experiments in C. elegans, to define the chemical(s) with potent anthelmintic properties, to attempt to unravel their mode(s) of action and to assess their selectivity against nematodes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
  18. Fulltext Fish Endoparasites from Streams near Paddy Fields in Serian and Padawan, Western Sarawak
    FELLICIA INCHING UCHANG, YANG LEE, FREDDY KUOK SAN YEO, YEE LING CHONG
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2019;2(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The fish health status and parasitic infection in paddy fields are understudied in Borneo. This study was done to compare the prevalence and abundance of parasites on freshwater fishes in the upstream and downstream rivers of paddy fields. Parasite study on freshwater fishes was done by collecting live fish samples using ten minnow traps with baits at each site in Serian and Padawan, Sarawak, from October 2017 until March 2018. A total of 120 freshwater fishes were examined during this study period. Cold anaesthesia was applied on live samples prior to ectoparasite and endoparasite microscopic screening, which involved scraping of outer body mucous and removal of fish intestines, respectively. No ectoparasites were recovered from the fish samples. A total of 19 (15.83%) fishes from Cyprinids were infected with endoparasites. From these, 58 individuals of endoparasites were recovered. Two groups of parasites, namely Nematoda (Cucullanus sp.) and Trematoda (unidentified), were recovered from the fish intestines. From this study, there was a significant difference between the upstream fishes and downstream fishes in their endoparasite infection at both Triboh Village (p = 0.035) and Annah Rais Village (p = 1.445 × 10-6) using two samples t-test. The endoparasite abundance in fish was higher in the streams where there was less human disturbance. This study may serve as a baseline study on the parasitic infections of freshwater fishes in streams near paddy fields or other agricultural area in Sarawak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
  19. In Vitro Efficacy of Aqueous and Methanol Extract of Cassia siamea Against the Motility of Caenorhabditis elegans
    Gagman HA, Him NAIIN, Ahmad H, Sulaiman SF, Zakaria R, Termizi FHM
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Oct;31(3):145-159.
    PMID: 33214861 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.10
    Gastrointestinal nematode infections can cause great losses in revenue due to decrease livestock production and animal death. The use of anthelmintic to control gastrointestinal nematode put a selection pressure on nematode populations which led to emergence of anthelmintic resistance. Because of that, this study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of aqueous and methanol extract of Cassia siamea against the motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 and C. elegans DA1316. Caenorhabditis elegans Bristol N2 is a susceptible strain and C. elegans DA1316 is an ivermectin resistant strain. In vitro bioassay of various concentrations of (0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL-1) aqueous and methanol extracts of C. siamea was conducted against the motility of L4 larvae of C. elegans Bristol N2 and C. elegans DA1316. The L4 larvae were treated with 0.02 μg mL-1 of ivermectin served as positive control while those in M9 solution served as negative control. The activity of the extracts was observed after 24 h and 48 h. A significant difference was recorded in the extract performance compared to control at (P < 0.001) after 48 h against the motility of the larvae of both strains. The methanol extracts inhibited the motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 by 86.7% as well as DA1316 up to 84.9% at 2.0 mg mL-1 after 48 h. The methanol extract was more efficient than aqueous extract (P < 0.05) against the motility of both strains of C. elegans. Cassia siamea may be used as a natural source of lead compounds for the development of alternative anthelmintic against parasitic nematodes as well ivermectin resistant strains of nematodes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
  20. Parasites in soil samples from Signy island, Antarctica
    Lim PKC, Lee XC, Mohd Nazmi NMA, Tang YY, Wong SF, Mak JW, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1007-1016.
    PMID: 33601848
    Studies on parasite populations in Antarctic soils are scarce and thus little is known about the threat of these parasites towards either the natural fauna or human visitors. However, human presence in Antarctica, mainly through research and tourism, keeps increasing over time, potentially exposing visitors to zoonotic infections from Antarctic wildlife and environment. Most available literature to date has focused on faecal samples from Antarctic vertebrates. Therefore, this study addressed the possible presence of parasites in Antarctic soil that may be infectious to humans. Soil samples were obtained from five locations on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic), namely North Point and Gourlay Peninsula (penguin rookeries), Pumphouse (relic coal-powered pump house), Jane Col (barren high altitude fellfield) and Berntsen Point (low altitude vegetated fellfield close to current research station). Approximately 10% of the soil samples (14/135) from 3 out of the 5 study sites had parasites which included Diphyllobotridae spp. eggs, Cryptosporidium sp., an apicomplexan protozoa (gregarine), Toxoplasma gondii, helminths (a cestode, Tetrabothrius sp., and a nematode larva) and mites. The presence of parasites in the 3 sites are most likely due to the presence of animal and human activities as two of these sites are penguin rookeries (North Point and Gourlay Peninsula) while the third site (Pumphouse Lake) has human activity. While some of the parasite species found in the soil samples appear to be distinctive, there were also parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma gondii that have a global distribution and are potentially pathogenic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nematoda
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