MyMedR

Refractive error and visual impairment in school-age children in Gombak District, Malaysia

Goh PP, Abqariyah Y, Pokharel GP, Ellwein LB

Ophthalmology, 2005 Apr;112(4):678-85.

PMID: 15808262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.10.048

To assess the prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment in school-age children in Gombak District, a suburban area near Kuala Lumpur city.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/epidemiology*

Levels of Visual Stress in Proficient Readers: Effects of Spectral Filtering of Fluorescent Lighting on Reading Discomfort

Loew SJ, Rodríguez C, Marsh NV, Jones GL, Núñez JC, Watson K

Span J Psychol, 2015;18:E58.

PMID: 26255657 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2015.59

Visual stress (VS) affects reading in 5-12% of the general population and 31-36% of children with reading disorders. Symptoms include print distortions and visual discomfort when reading, and are exacerbated by fluorescent lighting. Prior research has indicated that VS can also affect proficient readers. We therefore examined levels of visual discomfort in a group of expert readers (n = 24) under both standard and spectrally-filtered fluorescent lighting. Participants rated their awareness of six symptoms of VS under each lighting condition. Under the standard condition, 4(16.7%) of the group recorded moderate to high levels of VS. Differences in symptom levels and reading speed between conditions were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Under the filter condition, the group reported less discomfort regarding all six symptoms of VS surveyed. The differences were significant with respect to three of the symptoms (p = .029 - p < .001), with a medium effect size in all of them (r = .31 - r = .46) and total score (p = .007; r = .39). Variations in reading proficiency included significantly fewer self-corrections (p = .019) and total errors (p = .004). Here we present evidence that VS-type symptoms of reading discomfort are not confined to populations with reading difficulties and may also occur in proficient readers, and that simple adaptations to fluorescent lighting may alleviate such symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/etiology*

Fulltext Bromocriptine for visual field defects in prolactinomas

Embong M, Satgunasingam N, Rejab SM, Singh H

Med J Malaysia, 1981 Mar;36(1):29-36.

PMID: 7321934

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/drug therapy*

Intracranial hypertension causing visual failure in cryptococcus meningitis

Tan CT

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1988 Jul;51(7):944-6.

PMID: 3204403

Thirty four patients with cryptococcal meningitis seen in the University of Malaya medical centre since 1980 were reviewed. Eleven patients had bilateral papilloedema and visual impairment but eventually survived. Seven patients had intensive aggressive measures, including shunting to reduce intracranial hypertension irrespective of ventricular size shown in CT scan, and showed substantial improvement in vision. It is concluded that papilloedema and visual failure in cryptococcal meningitis reflects raised intracranial pressure and that this should be treated vigorously.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/physiopathology*

Fulltext [The prevalence of visual impairment in Kuala Selangor]

Ali O, Rampal KG

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Sep;43(3):232-6.

PMID: 3266522

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/epidemiology*

Dengue maculopathy: a case report

Tan SY, Kumar G, Surrun SK, Ong YY

Travel Med Infect Dis, 2007 Jan;5(1):62-3.

PMID: 17161325

Dengue fever is endemic in many countries of South East Asia. In spite of the occasional epidemics, dengue maculopathy remains a rare entity.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/etiology*

Strachan's syndrome 30 years after onset

Byrne E, Horowitz M, Dunn DE

Med J Aust, 1980 May 31;1(11):547-8.

PMID: 6248745

While a prisoner-of-war in Malaya from 1942-1945, a 29-year-old man developed a painful sensorimotor neuropathy, bilateral central scotomata and sensorineural deafness. Examination 34 years later, after a long period of adequate nutrition, revealed considerable residual deficit. Nerve conduction studies suggested axonal degeneration with prominent collateral reinnervation. This case of Strachan's syndrome is reported to draw attention to the limited functional recovery and to focus attention on this condition at a time when famine conditions are rife in Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/etiology

Ocular conditions among the Orang Asli, the jungle aborigines of West Malaysia

Weerekoon L

Trans Ophthalmol Soc N Z, 1973;25:30-5.

PMID: 4519227

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/epidemiology

Central serous retinopathy: a preliminary report of 33 cases

Eu-sen VO

Med J Malaya, 1969 Sep;24(1):18-20.

PMID: 4243836

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/etiology

New Evidence Showing yet another Link between Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: How Relevant is this to my General Practice?

Chidambaram R

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2018 Nov;28(11):893.

PMID: 30369389 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.11.893

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/etiology*

Fulltext Optic disc swelling in a patient with tuberculous meningitis: a diagnostic challenge

Zuhaimy H, Leow SN, Vasudevan SK

BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Aug 09;2017.

PMID: 28794092 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221170

We discuss the diagnostic challenge in an adult patient presented with purely ocular symptoms diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). A 38-year-old woman presented with bilateral painless blurring of vision. There were bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy and bilateral optic disc swelling. Optic nerve function tests were normal. Patient was lucid with no signs of meningism. Brain imaging were normal. She had a positive Mantoux test, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate but no clinical evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Her Quantiferon-TB Gold in-tube test was negative. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a high opening pressure but no biochemical parameters to suggest TBM, hence she was treated as idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A diagnosis of TBM was finally made following a positive PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Her vision improved with reduction in optic disc swelling following antituberculous treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/etiology

Fulltext Comparison of vision disorders between children in mainstream and special education classes in government primary schools in Malaysia

Abu Bakar NF, Chen AH, Md Noor AR, Goh PP

Singapore Med J, 2012 Aug;53(8):541-4.

PMID: 22941133

The visual status of children with learning disabilities has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to compare vision disorders between children in mainstream classes and those with learning disabilities attending special education classes in government primary schools in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/epidemiology*

A negative waveform in the scotopic response in a patient with phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: a visual electrophysiology report

Mohd Khialdin S, Grigg J, Rowe N, Crofts S, Wilson M, Troedson C

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2015 Dec;131(3):215-20.

PMID: 26396085 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-015-9511-0

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is an X-linked neurometabolic genetic disorder with variable systemic manifestations. So far, only one patient with retinal anomalies has been reported, but no visual electrophysiology findings were described. We report the first description of visual electrophysiology in a child with PGK deficiency. This provides further information for the site of involvement in the eye.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/diagnosis; Vision Disorders/physiopathology*

Role of Angiography in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Induced Choroiditis

Lee KR, Peng LY, Iqbal TB, Subrayan V

Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2018;26(8):1146-1149.

PMID: 28362518 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1298821

PURPOSE: To report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus-induced choroidal vasculitis.

METHODS: A 34-year-old woman with a long-standing history of systemic lupus erythematosus had a sudden painless loss of vision in the right eye over 12 hours. Ocular examination revealed a visual acuity of counting fingers of 1 foot on the right eye and 20/20 on the left. There was a relative afferent pupillary defect on the right side with a pink, distinct optic disk margin.

RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography of the macula and fundus fluorescein angiogram for the eyes were normal. The MRI brain and orbit with the cerebral MRA did not show signs of optic neuritis or occipital vasculitic changes. However, the indocyanine green angiography revealed patches of ill-defined areas of choroidal hypofluorescence in the early- to mid-phase in the macula region.

CONCLUSION: ICGA becomes the crucial tool in unmasking the presence of choroidal vasculitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/diagnosis*; Vision Disorders/drug therapy

Baseline Central Visual Field Defect as a Risk Factor For NTG Progression: A 5-Year Prospective Study

Raman P, Suliman NB, Zahari M, Mohamad NF, Kook MS, Ramli N

J Glaucoma, 2019 11;28(11):952-957.

PMID: 31688446 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001359

PRECIS: This 5-year follow-up study on normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients demonstrated that those with baseline central visual field (VF) defect progress at a more increased rate compared with those with peripheral field defect.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, including 24-hour ocular perfusion pressure and risk of progression in patients with baseline central VF defect, as compared with those with peripheral VF defect in NTG.

DESIGN: This was a prospective, longitudinal study.

METHODS: A total of 65 NTG patients who completed 5 years of follow-up were included in this study. All the enrolled patients underwent baseline 24-hour intraocular pressure and blood pressure monitoring via 2-hourly measurements in their habitual position and had ≥5 reliable VF tests during the 5-year follow-up. Patients were assigned to two groups on the basis of VF defect locations at baseline, the central 10 degrees, and the peripheral 10- to 24-degree area. Modified Anderson criteria were used to assess global VF progression over 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare the elapsed time of confirmed VF progression in the two groups. Hazard ratios for the association between clinical risk factors and VF progression were obtained by using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the patients with baseline central and peripheral VF defects in terms of demography, clinical, ocular and systemic hemodynamic factors. Eyes with baseline defects involving the central fields progressed faster (difference: βcentral=-0.78 dB/y, 95% confidence interval=-0.22 to -1.33, P=0.007) and have 3.56 times higher hazard of progressing (95% confidence interval=1.17-10.82, P=0.025) than those with only peripheral defects.

CONCLUSION: NTG patients with baseline central VF involvement are at increased risk of progression compared with those with peripheral VF defect.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders/diagnosis*; Vision Disorders/physiopathology

Fulltext Encephalitis followed by optic neuritis: a case report and review of literature

Hasan S, B Basri H, P Hin L, Stanslas J

Pak J Med Sci, 2013 May;29(3):859-62.

PMID: 24353644

Encephalitis has been included in the causes of optic neuritis, but post encephalitic optic neuritis has been rarely reported. Majority of the cases of optic neuritis are either idiopathic or associated with multiple sclerosis, especially in western countries. This is very important in the Asian population where the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis is not as high as in the Western countries. Although post infectious optic neuritis is more common in children, it can also be found in adults and is usually seen one to three weeks after a symptomatic infective prodrome. Here, we present a case of a 48 year-old-male who developed optic neuritis following viral encephalitis. His first presentation was with severe headache of two weeks duration. Viral encephalitis was diagnosed and treated. The patient presented again three weeks later with right eye pain and other features typical of optic neuritis. Corticosteroid therapy facilitated prompt recovery. Optic neuritis is an uncommon manifestation of encephalitis. It is important that both doctors and patients remain aware of post infectious cause of optic neuritis, which would enable a timely diagnosis and treatment of this reversible cause of vision loss.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders

Fulltext Prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among the rural population - a case study of Temerloh Hospital

Thevi T, Maslina B, Reddy SC

Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(1):6-10.

PMID: 25606238

Objective: To determine the prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among new patients at the eye clinic of Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang.
Method: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 1081 new patients were examined over a period of six months. Age, gender, ethnicity, visual acuity and diagnosis were noted from the medical records.
Results: Out of 1081 examined, 607 (56.1%) were males, 783 (72.4%) were Malays. The mean age of patients was 45.2 years (ranging from one month to 91 years). Cataract (248, 22.9%) was the most common eye disease, followed by retinal diseases (124, 11.5%) and ocular trauma (106, 9.8%). Majority of the patients (48) suffering from ocular trauma had foreign body cornea. In 85 premature infants screened for retinopathy, 19 showed different stages of retinopathy of prematurity. Visual impairment was noted in 89 (8.2%) patients, severe visual impairment in 12 (1.1%) and blindness in 35 (3.2%); vision could not be determined in 85 premature infants (7.9%). Cataract was singled out as the cause of severe visual impairment in 11 out of 12 patients.
Conclusion: Health education at primary health centres and availability of eye specialists in all the district hospitals will facilitate the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind persons by providing early treatment for eye problems (specifically prescription for spectacles, medical treatment and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation).
Keywords: Visual impairment, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive errors, ocular trauma, conjunctivitis
Study site: Eye clinic, Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders

Fulltext Examination Standards for Disabled Driver's Licensing

Citation: Examination Standards for Disabled Driver's Licensing. Putrajaya: Occupational Health Unit, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2011

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders

Fulltext The effect of smartphone usage on accommodation status

Wiki Safarina Narawi, Shaz’ Ain Razak, Nahdiyah Azman

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):244-247.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Usage of smartphones have increased rapidly because of its importance in our daily life. This led to an increase in incidence of ocular problems among smartphone users. This research was conducted to determine the effect of smartphone usage on accommodation status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among young adults aged 19 to 30 years old in Management and Science University, Shah Alam. All subjects were asked to use smartphone for 20 minutes. The symptoms and accommodation status were evaluated before and after the smartphone usage. Results: Total subjects showed the mean age of 23.60 ± 2.77 years, 50% (n = 20) were males and 50% (n = 20) were females. The mean smartphone usage per day was 8.60 ± 2.80) hours. After 20 minutes of smartphone usage, subjects complained of tired eyes (92.50%), dry eyes (90.00%), blurred vision (87.50%), and headache (82.50%). Paired t-test showed significant reduction in amplitude of accommodation, monocularly from 9.9 ± 1.9 D to 8.76 ± 2.50 D (p = 0.00), and binocularly from 12.01 ± 1.95 D to 10.96 ± 2.16 D (p = 0.00); monoc- ular accommodative facility from 13.93 ± 3.13 cpm to 11.10 ± 4.32 cpm (p = 0.00) and binocular accommodative facility from 12.70 ± 3.57 cpm to 9.70 ± 4.21 cpm (p = 0.00); positive relative accommodation from -2.72 ± 0.87 D to -2.13 ± 1.28 D (p = 0.00) and increase in lag of accommodation from 0.4 ± 0.26 D to 0.93 ± 0.48 D (p = 0.00). Conclusion: This study shows that there were significance changes on accommodation status after 20 minutes of smartphone usage which can lead to weakness of accommodation.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders

Fulltext Refractive error status of orang asli and Malay-Jawa children in Kuala Langat, Selangor

Fairuz Mohd Nordin, Khairun Najah binti Hasrin, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa, Amalina Othman, Zurin Firdawani Yacob

Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):28-33.

MyJurnal

This study aims to determine the refractive error status of Orang Asli children and Malay-Jawa children in Kuala Langat, Selangor. Visual acuity was measured using LEA chart, followed by dry static retinoscopy which the testing eye fogged with 2.00D, and the contralateral eye fogged with 6.00D to determine the refractive errors. The inclusion criteria encompassed all children in the selected village. The exclusion criteria included children who were already on ophthalmology follow-up for known ocular conditions and refused visual acuity assessment or eye examination. In total, 103 ‘Orang Asli’ and 107 normal population children aged 3 to 13 years received refractive assessments. Approximately 18% of reported cases were myopia, 43% were hyperopia, while 39% were emmetropia. Results showed that the ‘Orang Asli’ population was more hyperopic than the Malay-Jawa (U = 4893.500, P > 0.05, r = 0.14). However, both groups were found more hyperopic compared to myopic conditions. In conclusion, both Orang Asli and Malay-Jawa in Kuala Langat, Selangor are more hyperopic and less myopic. This study suggests that refractive error screening is important for preventing visual impairment among children in rural areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Vision Disorders

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