Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 129 in total

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  1. Fulltext Proportion of dementia and its associated factors among elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital
    Norlaily H, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rohayah H, Juwita S
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):140-5.
    PMID: 20058574 MyJurnal
    The increase in life expectancy observed over the last decade has particular relevance for conditions such as cognitive decline and dementia. This is a cross sectional study to determine the rate of dementia and to identify its associated factors among 399 elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the literate subjects were screened using validated Malay version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the illiterate subjects with Malay version of Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All subjects suspected to have dementia were selected for further evaluation in phase 2 of this study. The second phase involved full clinical examination in order to establish clinical diagnosis of dementia. The proportion of dementia in this study was 2.5% (10). Although history of exposure to pesticide (p < 0.05) and history of stroke (p < 0.05) were significant, they were not significant factors. These were because vast discrepancy in number between those exposed to pesticide and having stroke between dementia and non dementia.

    Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/etiology; Dementia/epidemiology*
  2. Validation study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in a Malay-speaking elderly population in Malaysia
    Ibrahim NM, Shohaimi S, Chong HT, Rahman AH, Razali R, Esther E, et al.
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2009;27(3):247-53.
    PMID: 19246909 DOI: 10.1159/000203888
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: In view of the differing sensitivity and specificity of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the non-English-speaking populations, we conducted the first validation study of the Malay version (M-MMSE) in Malaysia among 300 subjects (from the community and outpatient clinics).
    METHODS: Three versions were used: M-MMSE-7 (serial 7), M-MMSE-3 (serial 3) and M-MMSE-S (spell 'dunia' backwards). Dementia was assessed using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. The optimal cutoff scores were obtained from the receiver operating characteristics curves.
    RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (24.3%) had dementia and 227 (75.7%) were controls. Three hundred patients completed the M-MMSE-7, 160 the M-MMSE-3 and 145 the M-MMSE-S. All 3 versions were valid and reliable in the diagnosis of dementia. The optimal cutoff scores varied with each version and gender. In the control group, significant gender differences were observed in the patients with the lowest educational status. Increasing educational levels significantly improved the M-MMSE performance in both genders.
    CONCLUSION: All 3 versions of the M-MMSE are valid and reliable as a screening tool for dementia in the Malaysian population, but at different cutoff scores. In those with the lowest educational background, gender-adjusted cutoff scores should be applied.
    Study site: Community, neurology and dementia outpatient clinics, Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis; Dementia/psychology
  3. Clinical features and risk factors for HIV encephalopathy in children
    Hamid MZ, Aziz NA, Zulkifli ZS, Norlijah O, Azhar RK
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2008 Mar;39(2):266-72.
    PMID: 18564712
    A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the incidence of progressive encephalopathy (PE) and its associated clinical manifestations amongst a cohort of HIV infected children attending the HIV/AIDS clinic of the Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia. Neurological and neurobehavioral assessments were performed in 55 children with HIV over a 24-month study period. Parameters assessed were physical and neurological assessments, CD4 counts, CD4 percentages, RNA viral loads and an IQ assessment at four monthly intervals. PE was diagnosed when patient developed at least one of the definitive criteria for PE based on the Consensus of Pediatric Neurology/Psychology Working Group, AIDS Clinical Trial 1996. The incidence of encephalopathy was 18.2% (n = 10) in 2002. All the patients had hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, abnormal deep tendon reflexes and five had impairment in brain growth. The CD4 counts and CD4 percentages were more likely to be associated with PE compared to the non-PE group.
    Matched MeSH terms: AIDS Dementia Complex/complications; AIDS Dementia Complex/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Psychiatric aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A case report
    Maniam T, Abu Bakar AK
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):166-9.
    PMID: 3237133
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis; Dementia/etiology*
  5. Fulltext Factors associated with motoric cognitive risk syndrome among low-income older adults in Malaysia
    Lau H, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S, Badrasawi M, Clark BC
    BMC Public Health, 2019 Jun 13;19(Suppl 4):462.
    PMID: 31196017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6869-z
    BACKGROUND: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is characterized by slow gait and memory complaints that could be used to predict an increased risk of dementia. This study aims to determine the MCR syndrome and its risk factors among low-income (B40) older adults in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Data from TUA cohort study involving 1366 older adults (aged 60 years and above) categorized as low-income were analysed, for risk of MCR syndrome based on defined criteria. Chi-square analysis and independent t test were employed to examine differences in socioeconomic, demographic, chronic diseases and lifestyle factors between MCR and non-MCR groups. Risk factors of MCR syndrome were determined using hierarchical logistic regression.

    RESULTS: A total of 3.4% of participants fulfilled the criteria of MCR syndrome. Majority of them were female (74.5%, p = 0.001), single/widow/widower/divorced (55.3%, p = 0.002), living in rural area (72.3%, p = 0.011), older age (72.74 ± 7.08 year old, p dementia, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*; Dementia/psychology
  6. A contemporary biological pathway of islet amyloid polypeptide for the management of diabetic dementia
    Sah SK, Samuel VP, Dahiya S, Singh Y, Gilhotra RM, Gupta G, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Jun 01;306:117-122.
    PMID: 31004596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.022
    Major challenges of dealing elder patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are the individualization of consideration in persons with various comorbid types of conditions. In spite of the fact that microvascular and macrovascular problems associated with DM are well documented, there is only a few numbers of reports viewing different conditions, for example, cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is of specific significance due to its effect on self-care and quality of life. All in all, the etiology of cognitive dysfunction in the maturing populace is probably going to be the grouping of ischemic and degenerative pathology. It is likewise trusted that Hyperglycemia is engaged with the system of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. At present, it isn't certain in the case of enhancing glycemic control or utilizing therapeutic agents can enhance the risk of cognitive decay. Amylin was later characterized as an amyloidogenic peptide, confined from a beta cell tumor and called islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and after that, amylin. Conversely, we investigate the beneficial role and hypothesizing the mechanism of amylin related expanding the level and activation of CGRP receptor to enhance the cognition declination amid diabetic dementia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/complications*; Dementia/drug therapy*
  7. Fulltext Development and assessment of a web-based intervention for educating older people on strategies promoting healthy cognition
    Vanoh D, Ishak IH, Shahar S, Manaf ZA, Ali NM, Noah SAM
    Clin Interv Aging, 2018;13:1787-1798.
    PMID: 30271134 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S157324
    Background: The increase in the population of aging people has increased the occurrence of cognitive decline leading to predemented stage of dementia, ie, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The cognitive tools that are web-based have been proven to be useful in decreasing the risk of MCI. Thus, in the present study, an education tool that is web-based, called WESIHAT 2.0©, had been created to educate elderly people about precautionary strategies against MCI.

    Methodology: WESIHAT 2.0 was devised in a senior-friendly style, which includes touch screen, greater font size, larger icons, and employed multimedia components of text, images, and videos. The components employed in WESIHAT 2.0 were a screening tool called TUA-WELLNESS, 10 guides for memory improvement, health diary, and guide for a healthy menu. This application assessed a group of 73 candidates consisting of elderly people, health professionals, caregivers, and information technology (IT) professionals for 1 month.

    Results: All the elderly people, caregivers, and 75% of IT and health professionals were satisfied with the subject matter of WESIHAT 2.0. About more than half of the elderly people, caregivers, and IT and health professionals had given a consensus on the comprehensive ease of the terminologies, sentences, images, table, and advice related to diet included in the web application. Proposals for improvements of the web portal included suggestions such as using smaller sentences, using greater font size, adding more images, and avoiding the use of unfamiliar terminologies.

    Conclusion: WESIHAT 2.0 is a suitable tool for educating older people about the lifestyle modification strategies to slower progression to cognitive impairment, with regard to the significance of expert advice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/psychology; Dementia/rehabilitation*
  8. Fulltext Joining forces to prevent dementia: The International Research Network On Dementia Prevention (IRNDP)
    Anstey KJ, Peters R, Clare L, Lautenschlager NT, Dodge HH, Barnes DE, et al.
    Int Psychogeriatr, 2017 11;29(11):1757-1760.
    PMID: 28899450 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610217001685
    Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder with global impact, with the largest proportion of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that there are 46.8 million cases globally with approximately 10 million new cases each year or a new case occurring every 3 sec (Prince et al., 2015). For comparison there are 36.7 million HIV cases with an estimated 2 million new cases each year (WHO, 2017). The rise in dementia prevalence is largely due to population ageing, with the oldest being at highest risk. To date there are no diseases modifying medications for Alzheimer's disease or the other causes of dementia. Academics and research groups are increasingly focused on prevention or delay of dementia (Brayne and Miller, 2017) and a number of organizations now prioritize dementia, indicating a strong and coherent international effort to address this problem. Examples include the World Health Organisation (WHO), which has established a Global Dementia Observatory; the World Dementia Council; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); the U.S. National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA); and the Global Council on Brain Health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*; Dementia/prevention & control*
  9. Fulltext Reliability and construct validity of the Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ)
    Arabi Z, Syed Abdul Rahman SA, Hazmi H, Hamdin N
    BMC Geriatr, 2016 11 30;16(1):202.
    PMID: 27903242 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0384-1
    BACKGROUND: Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) was developed as a screening tool to detect patients with early dementia in primary care. It was developed based on 20 symptoms of dementia. From a preliminary study, EDQ had been shown to be a promising alternative for screening of early dementia. This study was done to further test on EDQ's reliability and validity.

    METHODS: Using a systematic random sampling, 200 elderly patients attending primary health care centers in Kuching, Sarawak had consented to participate in the study and were administered the EDQ. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to exclude patients with depression. Those who scored >21 MMSE, were retested using the EDQ. Reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (principle component with varimax rotation). Test retest Intraclass Correlation Coeeficient (ICC) was used to determine the reliability of the scale.

    RESULTS: The result showed that the sensitivity and specificity for EDQ was 71.2% and 59.5%. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was good which was 0.874. Confirmatory factor analysis on 4 factors indicated that the Cronbach's alpha for each domain were acceptable with memory (0.741), concentration (0.764), emotional and physical symptoms (0.754) and lastly sleep and environment (0.720). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient between the first EDQ score and the retest EDQ score among those with MMSE of >21 showed a very strong overall agreement, ICC = 0.764, N = 160, P <0.001.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results of the validation study showed that Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) is a valid and reliable tool to be used as a screening tool to detect early dementia in primary care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis*; Dementia/epidemiology
  10. Treatment of dementia with herbs: a short review
    Tang CT, Belani LK, Das S, Jaafar MZ
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):43-6.
    PMID: 23455743 DOI: 10.7417/T.2013.1511
    Dementia is a common symptom observed in many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of senile dementia seen in the general population. Multiple factors like oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation may be related to the neurodegenerative states. Many drugs like cholinesterase have been used for treatment but the progression of the disease still poses a challenge to the clinician. During recent times, herbs have gained much popularity as supplements because of the cost effectiveness, easy availability and fewer side effects. Early diagnosis and proper treatment may help in the prevention of mortality and morbidity concerned with any neurodegenerative disease. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the mode of the action of herbal products may be beneficial for researchers and clinicians. The present review article attempts to look into the potential herbal extracts which may act as an antioxidant in combating dementia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis; Dementia/drug therapy*
  11. Sociodemographic risk factors and correlates of dementia in older Malaysians
    Hamid TA, Krishnaswamy S, Abdullah SS, Momtaz YA
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2010;30(6):533-9.
    PMID: 21252548 DOI: 10.1159/000321672
    The rapid expansion of the aged population in Malaysia is expected to greatly increase the number of persons with dementia in the country. However, data on dementia prevalence at the national level is lacking, and little is known about the sociodemographic risk factors and correlates of dementia. This paper describes a nationwide study of dementia prevalence and its sociodemographic risk factors and health correlates among older Malaysians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*; Dementia/psychology
  12. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, cognitive impairment and caregiver burden in patients with dementia
    Rosdinom R, Zarina MZ, Zanariah MS, Marhani M, Suzaily W
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S67-9.
    PMID: 23313789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.025
    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationships between behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), cognitive impairment and burden of care of patients with dementia.
    METHOD: A cross-sectional, non-randomised study of 65 elderly patients with dementia and their caregivers was conducted over a 3-month period in January 2007 at the memory clinics of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Patients' cognitive functions were assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Caregivers were interviewed to determine the severity of BPSD and caregiver burden (CB) using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview (BI) respectively.
    RESULTS: Cognitive impairment did not contribute significantly to CB. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that high BPSD scores contributed 0.27 more in BI score, female patients contributed 0.37 less in BI score and caregivers with higher educational level contribute 0.5 more in BI score.
    CONCLUSION: Patients' BPSD and male gender, but not cognitive impairment, were associated with CB. Even though CB was experienced more among caregivers with better education, all caregivers should be screened to ensure their general well-being.
    KEYWORDS: BPSD; Caregiver burden; Cognitive impairment
    Study site: Memory clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/psychology*; Dementia/therapy
  13. Cognitive assessment tools in Asia: a systematic review
    Rosli R, Tan MP, Gray WK, Subramanian P, Chin AV
    Int Psychogeriatr, 2016 Feb;28(2):189-210.
    PMID: 26450414 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610215001635
    The prevalence of dementia is increasing in Asia than in any other continent. However, the applicability of the existing cognitive assessment tools is limited by differences in educational and cultural factors in this setting. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on cognitive assessments tools in Asia. We aimed to rationalize the results of available studies which evaluated the validity of cognitive tools for the detection of cognitive impairment and to identify the issues surrounding the available cognitive impairment screening tools in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis*; Dementia/ethnology
  14. Fulltext Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people
    Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, Ng CK
    Clin Interv Aging, 2015;10:687-93.
    PMID: 25914527 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S73922
    Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common condition in the elderly. It is characterized by deterioration of memory, attention, and cognitive function that is beyond what is expected based on age and educational level. MCI does not interfere significantly with individuals' daily activities. It can act as a transitional level of evolving dementia with a range of conversion of 10%-15% per year. Thus, it is crucial to protect older people against MCI and developing dementia. The preventive interventions and appropriate treatments should improve cognitive performance, and retard or prevent progressive deficits. The avoidance of toxins, reduction of stress, prevention of somatic diseases, implementation of mental and physical exercises, as well as the use of dietary compounds like antioxidants and supplements can be protective against MCI. The modification of risk factors such as stopping smoking, as well as the treatment of deficiency in vitamins and hormones by correcting behaviors and lifestyle, can prevent cognitive decline in the elderly. The progressive increase in the growth rate of the elderly population can enhance the rate of MCI all over the world. There is no exact cure for MCI and dementia; therefore, further studies are needed in the future to determine causes of MCI and risk factors of progression from MCI to dementia. This will help to find better ways for prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment worldwide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology; Dementia/prevention & control
  15. Fulltext Understanding ageing: fear of chronic diseases later in life
    Awang H, Mansor N, Nai Peng T, Nik Osman NA
    J Int Med Res, 2018 Jan;46(1):175-184.
    PMID: 28760083 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517710857
    Objectives Ageing is often associated with deteriorating mental and physical health and the need for long-term care, creating a fear of ageing. We investigated what people fear most in terms of disabling chronic diseases and their concerns regarding having long-term illnesses. Methods Data were obtained from an online survey of 518 respondents aged 40 years and older residing in Malaysia, which was based on a convenience sample collected in May 2015 to January 2016. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression. Results Of the most dreaded diseases, heart disease and cancer are life-threatening; however, dementia, diabetes, and hypertension persist and have a disabling effect for a long time. While there were variations in the diseases feared most across sex, ethnicity, and place of residence, the biggest worry for all respondents with regard to having a long-term illness was that they would become a burden to their family, a concern that superseded fear of dying. Conclusions We found our survey respondents had a fear of chronic diseases and placing a burden on others. Thus, there is a need to provide motivation for people to adopt a healthy lifestyle, to remain healthy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/physiopathology; Dementia/psychology
  16. Fulltext Protocol of a feasibility study for cognitive assessment of an ageing cohort within the Southeast Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Malaysia
    Mohan D, Stephan BC, Allotey P, Jagger C, Pearce M, Siervo M, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2017 01 19;7(1):e013635.
    PMID: 28104710 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013635
    INTRODUCTION: There is a growing proportion of population aged 65 years and older in low-income and middle-income countries. In Malaysia, this proportion is predicted to increase from 5.1% in 2010 to more than 15.4% by 2050. Cognitive ageing and dementia are global health priorities. However, risk factors and disease associations in a multiethnic, middle-income country like Malaysia may not be consistent with those reported in other world regions. Knowing the burden of cognitive impairment and its risk factors in Malaysia is necessary for the development of management strategies and would provide valuable information for other transitional economies.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a community-based feasibility study focused on the assessment of cognition, embedded in the longitudinal study of health and demographic surveillance site of the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), in Malaysia. In total, 200 adults aged ≥50 years are selected for an in-depth health and cognitive assessment including the Mini Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, blood pressure, anthropometry, gait speed, hand grip strength, Depression Anxiety Stress Score and dried blood spots.

    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results will inform the feasibility, response rates and operational challenges for establishing an ageing study focused on cognitive function in similar middle-income country settings. Knowing the burden of cognitive impairment and dementia and risk factors for disease will inform local health priorities and management, and place these within the context of increasing life expectancy.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol is approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent is obtained from all the participants. The project's analysed data and findings will be made available through publications and conference presentations and a data sharing archive. Reports on key findings will be made available as community briefs on the SEACO website.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis; Dementia/ethnology
  17. Discrimination of stroke-related mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia using EEG signal analysis
    Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SHBM, Ahmad SA, Islam MS, Escudero J
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2018 Jan;56(1):137-157.
    PMID: 29119540 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1734-7
    Stroke survivors are more prone to developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Dementia detection is a challenge for supporting personalized healthcare. This study analyzes the electroencephalogram (EEG) background activity of 5 vascular dementia (VaD) patients, 15 stroke-related patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 15 control healthy subjects during a working memory (WM) task. The objective of this study is twofold. First, it aims to enhance the discrimination of VaD, stroke-related MCI patients, and control subjects using fuzzy neighborhood preserving analysis with QR-decomposition (FNPAQR); second, it aims to extract and investigate the spectral features that characterize the post-stroke dementia patients compared to the control subjects. Nineteen channels were recorded and analyzed using the independent component analysis and wavelet analysis (ICA-WT) denoising technique. Using ANOVA, linear spectral power including relative powers (RP) and power ratio were calculated to test whether the EEG dominant frequencies were slowed down in VaD and stroke-related MCI patients. Non-linear features including permutation entropy (PerEn) and fractal dimension (FD) were used to test the degree of irregularity and complexity, which was significantly lower in patients with VaD and stroke-related MCI than that in control subjects (ANOVA; p ˂ 0.05). This study is the first to use fuzzy neighborhood preserving analysis with QR-decomposition (FNPAQR) dimensionality reduction technique with EEG background activity of dementia patients. The impairment of post-stroke patients was detected using support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifiers. A comparative study has been performed to check the effectiveness of using FNPAQR dimensionality reduction technique with the SVM and kNN classifiers. FNPAQR with SVM and kNN obtained 91.48 and 89.63% accuracy, respectively, whereas without using the FNPAQR exhibited 70 and 67.78% accuracy for SVM and kNN, respectively, in classifying VaD, stroke-related MCI, and control patients, respectively. Therefore, EEG could be a reliable index for inspecting concise markers that are sensitive to VaD and stroke-related MCI patients compared to control healthy subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia, Vascular/etiology*; Dementia, Vascular/physiopathology
  18. Fulltext The effects of social support and having a partner on sleep quality in dementia
    Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Nudin SS, Mun CY
    Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2013 May;28(3):253-7.
    PMID: 23612908 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513481098
    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effects of social support and having a partner on sleep quality in the elderly patients with dementia.

    METHODOLOGY: This research was conducted on 1210 noninstitutionalized elderly Malaysian individuals with dementia. The effects of age, ethnicity, educational level, marital status, sex differences, social support, and having a partner on sleep quality were evaluated in the respondents. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk of sleep disturbances among the participants.

    RESULTS: Approximately, 41% of the participants experienced sleep disruption. Further findings showed that ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62), social support (OR = 1.35), marital status (OR = 2.21), educational level (OR = 0.65), and having a partner (OR = 0.45) significantly affected sleep quality (P < .05). Sex differences and age were unrelated predictors of sleep disturbances (P > .05).

    CONCLUSION: It was concluded that social isolation and being single increased sleep disruption among respondents, but having a partner and ethnic non-Malay decreased the rate of sleep problems.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/ethnology*; Dementia/psychology
  19. Fulltext Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment
    Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Islam S, Mohamad K
    Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2014;10:1677-91.
    PMID: 25228808 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S67184
    Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction following stroke diagnosis are common symptoms that significantly affect the survivors' quality of life. Stroke patients have a high potential to develop dementia within the first year of stroke onset. Currently, efforts are being exerted to assess stroke effects on the brain, particularly in the early stages. Numerous neuropsychological assessments are being used to evaluate and differentiate cognitive impairment and dementia following stroke. This article focuses on the role of available neuropsychological assessments in detection of dementia and memory loss after stroke. This review starts with stroke types and risk factors associated with dementia development, followed by a brief description of stroke diagnosis criteria and the effects of stroke on the brain that lead to cognitive impairment and end with memory loss. This review aims to combine available neuropsychological assessments to develop a post-stroke memory assessment (PSMA) scheme based on the most recognized and available studies. The proposed PSMA is expected to assess different types of memory functionalities that are related to different parts of the brain according to stroke location. An optimal therapeutic program that would help stroke patients enjoy additional years with higher quality of life is presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia
  20. Fulltext Diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment in the community: What is the role of primary care physician?
    Ambigga Devi SK, Suthahar A, Ramli AS, Ng KK, Radziah AR, Marymol K
    Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(2-3):74-8.
    PMID: 25606229 MyJurnal
    Dementia is a large and growing problem in the ageing population but often not diagnosed in its earlier stages which is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI represents the phase between normal ageing and early dementia. About 12% of patients with MCI develop dementia per year, usually Alzheimer's disease. It is a diagnosis given to individuals who have cognitive impairments beyond that is expected for their age and education. However, this condition does not interfere significantly with daily activities as these individuals retain their critical thinking and reasoning skills. Nevertheless, due to its complexity and vague initial presentation, many cases of MCI can be missed. Therefore, it is imperative for primary care physicians to recognise these symptoms as opposed to normal ageing memory changes, and refer these patients to the memory clinic early to confirm the diagnosis. This paper illustrates a common primary care presentation of a patient with MCI. As there is no proven pharmacological treatment for MCI, the mainstay of management is to provide lifestyle intervention and long term support to these patients in the community. Primary care physicians should work as a team with the geriatrician, allied health personnel, support groups and caregivers in providing this care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia
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