Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 273 in total

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  1. Prevalence of Depression among Older Adults-Results from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly Study
    Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Sambasivam R, Vaingankar JA, Picco L, Pang S, et al.
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2016 Apr;45(4):123-33.
    PMID: 27292002
    INTRODUCTION: Depression is a significant public health issue across all sociodemographic groups and is identified as a common and serious mental health problem particularly among the older adult population. The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of depression and subsyndromal depression among older adults in Singapore.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study was a comprehensive single phase, cross-sectional survey. Stage 1 Geriatric Mental State-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS-AGECAT) depression syndrome was used for this analysis. Association of depression and subsyndromal depression with sociodemographic characteristics, social support as well as comorbidity with chronic physical illnesses and quality of life was assessed.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of GMS-AGECAT depression and subsyndromal depression was 3.7% and 13.4%, respectively. The odds of depression were significantly higher among those aged 75 to 84 (2.1) as compared to those aged 60 to 74 years and in those who had a history of depression diagnosis by a doctor (4.1). The odds of depression were higher among those of Indian and Malay ethnicities (5.2 and 3.2 times, respectively) as compared to those of Chinese ethnicity. Those with depression and subsyndromal depression were associated with more disability, poorer life satisfaction, and medical comorbidities.

    CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the prevalence of depression seems to have decreased as compared to a decade ago wherein the prevalence of depression was estimated to be 5.5%. This positive trend can be ascribed to concerted efforts across various disciplines and sectors, which need to be continually strengthened, monitored and evaluated.

    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  2. The Sociostructural-Intersectional Body Image (SIBI) framework: Understanding the impact of white supremacy in body image research and practice
    Landor AM, Ramseyer Winter VL, Thurston IB, Chan J, Craddock N, Ladd BA, et al.
    Body Image, 2024 Mar;48:101674.
    PMID: 38154289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101674
    White supremacy and racial inequities have long pervaded psychological research, including body image scholarship and practice. The experiences of white, heterosexual, able-bodied, cisgender (predominantly college) women from wealthy, Westernized nations have been centered throughout body image research and practice, thereby perpetuating myths of invulnerability among racialized groups and casting white ideals and experiences as the standard by which marginalized bodies are compared. Body image is shaped by multiple axes of oppression that exist within systemic and structural systems, ultimately privileging certain bodies above others. In this position paper, we highlight how white supremacy has shaped body image research and practice. In doing so, we first review the history of body image research and explain how participant sampling, measurement, interpretive frameworks, and dissemination of research have upheld and reinforced white supremacy. Next, grounded in inclusivity and intersectionality, we advance the Sociostructural-Intersectional Body Image (SIBI) framework to more fully understand the body image experiences of those with racialized and minoritized bodies, while challenging and seeking to upend white supremacy in body image research and practice. We encourage other scholars to utilize the SIBI framework to better understand body inequities and the body image experiences of all people, in all bodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  3. Pharmacogenetics of CYP1A2, novel polymorphisms and haplotypes in three distinct Asian populations
    Lim JS, Singh O, Ramasamy RD, Ramasamy S, Subramanian K, Lee EJ, et al.
    Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 2010;25(6):616-23.
    PMID: 20930417
    CYP1A2 play an important role in the metabolism of many carcinogens and clinically important drugs. CYP1A2 activity has been found to be influenced by the presence of polymorphic variants which were reported to display wide interethnic variation. This study investigates the frequency distribution and linkage disequilibrium patterns of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms, and characterize their haplotype structures in three healthy Asian populations in Singapore (Chinese, Malay, and Indian). The entire CYP1A2 gene was screened in 126 healthy subjects from all three ethnic groups (N=42 each). A total of 25 polymorphisms was identified, of which nine were novel. The polymorphisms, -2467delT and -163C>A were detected at high frequencies in all Asian ethnic groups. Significant interethnic differences were observed in the genotypic frequency distribution of IVS2-99G>A (P<0.01) and 1548C>T (P=0.05) across the three ethnic groups while -163C>A (P=0.02) was found to differ between Chinese and Malays. Haplotype analyses revealed four to six major haplotypes in each ethnic population which accounted for more than 60% of the cumulative haplotype frequencies. Future studies should be done to investigate the functional roles of these haplotypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  4. Fulltext Acute leukemia in Malaysian children
    Sinniah D, White JC, Omar A, Chua CP
    Cancer, 1978 Oct;42(4):1970-5.
    PMID: 280417 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142%28197810%2942%3A4<1970%3A%3AAID-
    A review of acute childhood leukemia in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur reveals no significant differences in either the epidemiological or clinical features between Malaysian and Caucasian children. BCG does not appear to have conferred any protection against the occurrence of leukemia. With the introduction of total therapy 4 of 10 patients with good prognostic features and 3 of 15 patients with poor prognostic features have survived 3 years. Prognosis appears to correlate with adopted clinical criteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  5. Implications of HER2 amplification in small, node-negative breast cancers: do Asians differ?
    Wong FY, Yip CS, Chua ET
    World J Surg, 2012 Feb;36(2):287-94.
    PMID: 22105650 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1353-7
    BACKGROUND: We investigated the implications of HER2 amplification in Asian women with small, node-negative breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs).
    METHODS: We reviewed the charts patients treated between 1989 and 2009 with breast conservation therapy for node-negative breast cancers measuring ≤ 2 cm. Disease-free survival (DFS), ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by the log-rank test. Potential covariates-age, tumor grade, hormone receptor status--were analyzed by multivariate analysis.
    RESULTS: A total of 519 patients were studied including 204 (39%) and 315 (61%) patients diagnosed with pT1ab and pT1c tumors, respectively. Median follow-up was 57 months. HER2 amplification was found in 17.1% of all patients and in 16.7% patients with pT1ab tumors. Among patients with T1ab tumors, 73.0 and 9.3% underwent adjuvant hormonal and chemotherapy, respectively; 3 of 34 T1ab patients with HER2-amplified tumors received trastuzumab. HER2 amplification was associated with poorer 5-year DFS (83.7% vs. 95.5%, P < 0.0001), DDFS (87.5% vs. 97.9%, P < 0.0001), and IBTR (8.6% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.0001) rates in patients with pT1 tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that HER2 amplification remained a significant negative prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio (HR) 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-7.8, P < 0.0001], DDFS (HR 6.3, 95% CI 2.4-17.0, P < 0.0001), and IBTR (HR 4.5, 95% CI 2.0-10.0, P < 0.0001) rates. In the pT1ab subgroup, univariate analysis showed that HER2 amplification prognosticated for DFS (85.1% vs. 95.7%, P = 0.022) and IBTR (14.9% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.004) rates but not for the OS (100% vs. 99.2%, P = 0.487) rate. Similar results were obtained after excluding patients given trastuzumab.
    CONCLUSIONS: The decision to use trastuzumab in HER2-amplified pT1ab tumors must balance their poor outcome against intrinsic financial limitations in LMCs. Patient selection criteria needs fine-tuning, and resource-sensitive regimens must be explored.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  6. Ethnic and other factors affecting birthweight in Singapore
    Viegas OA, Ratnam SS, Cole TJ
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989 Aug;29(4):289-95.
    PMID: 2571528
    Data on 1800 term babies, 600 from each of the Chinese, Malay and Indian racial groups, were used to identify the factors affecting birthweight in Singapore. After adjustment for gestation, maternal height and other variables, the mean Indian birthweight was 100 g less than for the Chinese (P less than 0.001), 0.001), while the Malays averaged 33 g less than the Chinese. The shortfall in Indian birthweight is thought to be due, at least partly, to environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  7. Fulltext Positive selection in Europeans and East-Asians at the ABCA12 gene
    Sirica R, Buonaiuto M, Petrella V, Sticco L, Tramontano D, Antonini D, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 03 19;9(1):4843.
    PMID: 30890716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40360-9
    Natural selection acts on genetic variants by increasing the frequency of alleles responsible for a cellular function that is favorable in a certain environment. In a previous genome-wide scan for positive selection in contemporary humans, we identified a signal of positive selection in European and Asians at the genetic variant rs10180970. The variant is located in the second intron of the ABCA12 gene, which is implicated in the lipid barrier formation and down-regulated by UVB radiation. We studied the signal of selection in the genomic region surrounding rs10180970 in a larger dataset that includes DNA sequences from ancient samples. We also investigated the functional consequences of gene expression of the alleles of rs10180970 and another genetic variant in its proximity in healthy volunteers exposed to similar UV radiation. We confirmed the selection signal and refine its location that extends over 35 kb and includes the first intron, the first two exons and the transcription starting site of ABCA12. We found no obvious effect of rs10180970 alleles on ABCA12 gene expression. We reconstructed the trajectory of the T allele over the last 80,000 years to discover that it was specific to H. sapiens and present in non-Africans 45,000 years ago.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  8. Fulltext Identification and characterization of novel associations in the CASP8/ALS2CR12 region on chromosome 2 with breast cancer risk
    Lin WY, Camp NJ, Ghoussaini M, Beesley J, Michailidou K, Hopper JL, et al.
    Hum Mol Genet, 2015 Jan 01;24(1):285-98.
    PMID: 25168388 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu431
    Previous studies have suggested that polymorphisms in CASP8 on chromosome 2 are associated with breast cancer risk. To clarify the role of CASP8 in breast cancer susceptibility, we carried out dense genotyping of this region in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning a 1 Mb region around CASP8 were genotyped in 46 450 breast cancer cases and 42 600 controls of European origin from 41 studies participating in the BCAC as part of a custom genotyping array experiment (iCOGS). Missing genotypes and SNPs were imputed and, after quality exclusions, 501 typed and 1232 imputed SNPs were included in logistic regression models adjusting for study and ancestry principal components. The SNPs retained in the final model were investigated further in data from nine genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising in total 10 052 case and 12 575 control subjects. The most significant association signal observed in European subjects was for the imputed intronic SNP rs1830298 in ALS2CR12 (telomeric to CASP8), with per allele odds ratio and 95% confidence interval [OR (95% confidence interval, CI)] for the minor allele of 1.05 (1.03-1.07), P = 1 × 10(-5). Three additional independent signals from intronic SNPs were identified, in CASP8 (rs36043647), ALS2CR11 (rs59278883) and CFLAR (rs7558475). The association with rs1830298 was replicated in the imputed results from the combined GWAS (P = 3 × 10(-6)), yielding a combined OR (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.04-1.08), P = 1 × 10(-9). Analyses of gene expression associations in peripheral blood and normal breast tissue indicate that CASP8 might be the target gene, suggesting a mechanism involving apoptosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  9. Fulltext 2q36.3 is associated with prognosis for oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
    Li J, Lindström LS, Foo JN, Rafiq S, Schmidt MK, Pharoah PD, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2014 Jun 17;5:4051.
    PMID: 24937182 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5051
    Large population-based registry studies have shown that breast cancer prognosis is inherited. Here we analyse single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes implicated in human immunology and inflammation as candidates for prognostic markers of breast cancer survival involving 1,804 oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients treated with chemotherapy (279 events) from 14 European studies in a prior large-scale genotyping experiment, which is part of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS) initiative. We carry out replication using Asian COGS samples (n=522, 53 events) and the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH) study (n=315, 108 events). Rs4458204_A near CCL20 (2q36.3) is found to be associated with breast cancer-specific death at a genome-wide significant level (n=2,641, 440 events, combined allelic hazard ratio (HR)=1.81 (1.49-2.19); P for trend=1.90 × 10(-9)). Such survival-associated variants can represent ideal targets for tailored therapeutics, and may also enhance our current prognostic prediction capabilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  10. Bone mineral density and hip axis length in Singapore's multiracial population
    Goh JC, Low SL, Das De S, DasDe S
    J Clin Densitom, 2004;7(4):406-12.
    PMID: 15618601
    Ethnic differences in bone density and hip geometry are known to exist, even within the same population. A recent study in Singapore showed that there were significant racial differences in hip fracture rates, with Chinese having the highest incidence of hip fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) and hip axis length in Chinese, Malay, and Indian women. A total of 1575 women aged 20-59 yr were recruited, of which 77.6% (1222) were Chinese, 7.7% (122) Malays, and 14.7% (231) Indians. There was no significant difference in peak BMD of both lumbar spine and femoral neck among the three ethnic groups. However, in the older age group (50-59 yr), both Chinese and Malay women had significantly lower femoral neck BMD compared to Indian women. There was no significant loss in BMD of the lumbar spine between the second and fifth decades in all the three races. Between the second and fifth decade, Chinese and Malay women had significant bone loss in the femoral neck of 6.6% and 8.2%, respectively, whereas Indian women did not show any significant bone loss. Chinese women had significantly longer hip axis length compared to either Malay or Indian women (9.87 +/- 0.52 cm vs 9.67 +/- 0.49 cm; p < 0.005; and 9.69 +/- 0.55 cm, p < 0.05, respectively). The initial findings suggest racial differences in bone density and hip geometry exist in the local community. Future research should include prospective, longitudinal studies to determine the age-related bone loss in these three racial groups. It is also important to investigate the differences of spine and hip fracture rates and their relationship with bone density and hip axis length.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  11. Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: simulation of doses according to renal function
    Duong JK, Kumar SS, Kirkpatrick CM, Greenup LC, Arora M, Lee TC, et al.
    Clin Pharmacokinet, 2013 May;52(5):373-84.
    PMID: 23475568 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0046-9
    Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment; however, there is poor adherence to current dosing guidelines. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with significant renal impairment are not well described. The aims of this study were to investigate factors influencing the pharmacokinetic variability, including variant transporters, between healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to simulate doses of metformin at varying stages of renal function.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  12. The paradox of low body mass index and high body fat percentage among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore
    Deurenberg-Yap M, Schmidt G, van Staveren WA, Deurenberg P
    Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2000 Aug;24(8):1011-7.
    PMID: 10951540
    OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI) in three different ethnic groups in Singapore (Chinese, Malays and Indians) in order to evaluate the validity of the BMI cut-off points for obesity.
    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
    SUBJECTS: Two-hundred and ninety-one subjects, purposively selected to ensure adequate representation of range of age and BMI of the general adult population, with almost equal numbers from each ethnic and gender group.
    MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, body height, sitting height, wrist and femoral widths, skinfold thicknesses, total body water by deuterium oxide dilution, densitometry with Bodpod(R) and bone mineral content with Hologic(R) QDR-4500. Body fat percentage was calculated using a four-compartment model.
    RESULTS: Compared with body fat percentage (BF%) obtained using the reference method, BF% for the Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians were under-predicted by BMI, sex and age when an equation developed in a Caucasian population was used. The mean prediction error ranged from 2.7% to 5.6% body fat. The BMI/BF% relationship was also different among the three Singaporean groups, with Indians having the highest BF% and Chinese the lowest for the same BMI. These differences could be ascribed to differences in body build. It was also found that for the same amount of body fat as Caucasians who have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 (cut-off for obesity as defined by WHO), the BMI cut-off points for obesity would have to be about 27 kg/m2 for Chinese and Malays and 26 kg/m2 for Indians.
    CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the relationship between BF% and BMI is different between Singaporeans and Caucasians and also among the three ethnic groups in Singapore. If obesity is regarded as an excess of body fat and not as an excess of weight (increased BMI), the cut-off points for obesity in Singapore based on the BMI would need to be lowered. This would have immense public health implications in terms of policy related to obesity prevention and management.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  13. Is a re-evaluation of WHO body mass index cut-off values needed? The case of Asians in Singapore
    Deurenberg-Yap M, Deurenberg P
    Nutr Rev, 2003 May;61(5 Pt 2):S80-7.
    PMID: 12828197
    This paper describes body composition and dietary intakes of the three major ethnic groups residing in Singapore and how these are related to cardiovascular risk factors in these groups. When the relationship between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and body fat percentage was studied, Singaporeans were found to have higher percentage of body fat compared with Caucasians with the same BMI. At BMIs that are much lower than WHO-recommended cut-off values for obesity, both the absolute and relative risks of developing cardiovascular risk factors are markedly elevated for all three ethnic groups. The excessive fat accumulation and increased risks at lower BMIs signal a need to re-examine cut-off values for obesity among Chinese, Malays, and Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  14. Validity of body composition methods across ethnic population groups
    Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M
    Acta Diabetol, 2003 Oct;40 Suppl 1:S246-9.
    PMID: 14618484
    Most in vivo body composition methods rely on assumptions that may vary among different population groups as well as within the same population group. The assumptions are based on in vitro body composition (carcass) analyses. The majority of body composition studies were performed on Caucasians and much of the information on validity methods and assumptions were available only for this ethnic group. It is assumed that these assumptions are also valid for other ethnic groups. However, if apparent differences across ethnic groups in body composition 'constants' and body composition 'rules' are not taken into account, biased information on body composition will be the result. This in turn may lead to misclassification of obesity or underweight at an individual as well as a population level. There is a need for more cross-ethnic population studies on body composition. Those studies should be carried out carefully, with adequate methodology and standardization for the obtained information to be valuable.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  15. Body change techniques in Iranian adolescents. Relationship to sex and body weight status
    Hatami M, Mohd Taib MN, Jamaluddin R, Abu Saad H, Djazayery A
    Appetite, 2013 Jan;60(1):27-32.
    PMID: 23103548 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.014
    OBJECTIVE: Several studies indicated that techniques to change body weight and appearance were prevalent and different among adolescents. The aim of the study, therefore, was to assess differences in frequency and type of body change techniques used among adolescents by sex and body weight status.

    METHODS: A sample of 758 adolescents aged 12-18 years were recruited from private and public schools in Tehran. Information about socio-demographic background and body change techniques were collected via a self-administered questionnaire.

    RESULTS: A high percentage of adolescents used body change techniques frequently to alter their body appearance. Girls changed normal eating pattern significantly (p=0.007) to lose weight more frequently than boys while boys used this method significantly (p=0.01) to gain weight more frequently than girls. Overweight/obese adolescents exercised significantly to change muscle size (p=0.03) and changed normal diet to lose weight (p<0.001) more frequently than normal weight adolescents. The relation between sex and body weight status with body change techniques (p<0.0) implied that male and female adolescents especially overweight/obese adolescents were frequently trying to change their body appearance.

    CONCLUSION: Significant differences existed in using body change techniques according to sex and body weight status and these should be considered in obesity prevention programs for adolescents.

    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  16. Fulltext Lack of association of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
    Lai LY, Petrone AB, Pankow JS, Arnett DK, North KE, Ellison RC, et al.
    Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2015 Sep;31(6):582-7.
    PMID: 25656378 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2638
    OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance, is a major public health concern in the United States. The effects of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism on MetS are not well established.

    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 1551 participants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart Study to assess the relation of Apo E polymorphism with the prevalence of MetS. MetS was defined according to the American Heart Association-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-International Diabetes Federation-World Health Organization harmonized criteria. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent MetS and the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing in the secondary analysis.

    RESULTS: Our study population had a mean age (standard deviation) of 56.5 (11.0) years, and 49.7% had MetS. There was no association between the Apo E genotypes and the MetS. The multivariable adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval) were 1.00 (reference), 1.26 (0.31-5.21), 0.89 (0.62-1.29), 1.13 (0.61-2.10), 1.13 (0.88-1.47) and 1.87 (0.91-3.85) for the Ɛ3/Ɛ3, Ɛ2/Ɛ2, Ɛ2/Ɛ3, Ɛ2/Ɛ4, Ɛ3/Ɛ4 and Ɛ4/Ɛ4 genotypes, respectively. In a secondary analysis, Ɛ2/Ɛ3 genotype was associated with 41% lower prevalence odds of low high-density lipoprotein [multivariable adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval) = 0.59 (0.36-0.95)] compared with Ɛ3/Ɛ3 genotype.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support an association between Apo E polymorphism and MetS in a multicentre population-based study of predominantly White US men and women.

    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  17. Fulltext Mediterranean diet and risk of pancreatic cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
    Molina-Montes E, Sánchez MJ, Buckland G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Weiderpass E, Amiano P, et al.
    Br J Cancer, 2017 Mar 14;116(6):811-820.
    PMID: 28170373 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.14
    BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a means for cancer prevention, but little evidence has been accrued regarding its potential to prevent pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association between the adherence to the MD and pancreatic cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: Over half a million participants from 10 European countries were followed up for over 11 years, after which 865 newly diagnosed exocrine pancreatic cancer cases were identified. Adherence to the MD was estimated through an adapted score without the alcohol component (arMED) to discount alcohol-related harmful effects. Cox proportional hazards regression models, stratified by age, sex and centre, and adjusted for energy intake, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake and diabetes status at recruitment, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with pancreatic cancer and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    RESULTS: Adherence to the arMED score was not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR high vs low adherence=0.99; 95% CI: 0.77-1.26, and HR per increments of two units in adherence to arMED=1.00; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). There was no convincing evidence for heterogeneity by smoking status, body mass index, diabetes or European region. There was also no evidence of significant associations in analyses involving microscopically confirmed cases, plausible reporters of energy intake or other definitions of the MD pattern.

    CONCLUSIONS: A high adherence to the MD is not associated with pancreatic cancer risk in the EPIC study.

    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  18. Fulltext Fine scale mapping of the 17q22 breast cancer locus using dense SNPs, genotyped within the Collaborative Oncological Gene-Environment Study (COGs)
    Darabi H, Beesley J, Droit A, Kar S, Nord S, Moradi Marjaneh M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 Sep 07;6:32512.
    PMID: 27600471 DOI: 10.1038/srep32512
    Genome-wide association studies have found SNPs at 17q22 to be associated with breast cancer risk. To identify potential causal variants related to breast cancer risk, we performed a high resolution fine-mapping analysis that involved genotyping 517 SNPs using a custom Illumina iSelect array (iCOGS) followed by imputation of genotypes for 3,134 SNPs in more than 89,000 participants of European ancestry from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We identified 28 highly correlated common variants, in a 53 Kb region spanning two introns of the STXBP4 gene, that are strong candidates for driving breast cancer risk (lead SNP rs2787486 (OR = 0.92; CI 0.90-0.94; P = 8.96 × 10(-15))) and are correlated with two previously reported risk-associated variants at this locus, SNPs rs6504950 (OR = 0.94, P = 2.04 × 10(-09), r(2) = 0.73 with lead SNP) and rs1156287 (OR = 0.93, P = 3.41 × 10(-11), r(2) = 0.83 with lead SNP). Analyses indicate only one causal SNP in the region and several enhancer elements targeting STXBP4 are located within the 53 kb association signal. Expression studies in breast tumor tissues found SNP rs2787486 to be associated with increased STXBP4 expression, suggesting this may be a target gene of this locus.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
  19. Fulltext Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci
    Michailidou K, Lindström S, Dennis J, Beesley J, Hui S, Kar S, et al.
    Nature, 2017 Nov 02;551(7678):92-94.
    PMID: 29059683 DOI: 10.1038/nature24284
    Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry. We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P 
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  20. Ethnicity-specific prevalences of refractive errors vary in Asian children in neighbouring Malaysia and Singapore
    Saw SM, Goh PP, Cheng A, Shankar A, Tan DT, Ellwein LB
    Br J Ophthalmol, 2006 Oct;90(10):1230-5.
    PMID: 16809384
    To compare the prevalences of refractive errors in Malay, Chinese and Indian children in Malaysia and Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
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