Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 91 in total

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  1. An update on diarrhoeal diseases in Malaysia
    Ismail A
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1988 Sep;19(3):397-400.
    PMID: 3217821
    Analysis of diarrhoeal disease patterns in Malaysia from 1981-1986 suggested that infectious hepatitis ranked as the most predominant diarrhoeal disease followed by typhoid, food poisoning, dysentery and cholera. Although these five major food and water-borne diseases are still endemic in this country, diarrhoeal diseases per se no longer become an important public health problem in Malaysia. Enforcement of the cholera control program brought the incidence of the disease to a minimal. Unfortunately, this fatal form of diarrhoeal disease caused the greatest mortality compared to the others. Seasonal influence also played a part in controlling the occurrence of the disease. There was a preponderance of diarrhoeal diseases during the rainy season implicating contaminated water as a source of transmission. Although greater than half of the population has been supplied with piped water and sanitary latrines, a lot more has to be done before diarrhoeal diseases could be eliminated from this country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology
  2. Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in Malaysia
    Puthucheary SD
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):44-6.
    PMID: 4273784
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology
  3. Fulltext Screening method for detection of immediate amino acid decarboxylases--producing bacteria implicated in food poisoning
    Hussain H, Mohd Fuat AR, Vimala B, Ghazali HM
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):351-61.
    PMID: 22041756
    Assessment of amino acid decarboxylase activity can be conducted using tubed broth or plated agar. In this study, the test was carried out in microtitre plates containing lysine, ornithine, arginine, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine or histidine as biogenic amine precursors. Møller decarboxylase base broth (MDB) with or without 1% of a known amino acid were added to wells of a 96 well-microtitre plate. The wells were inoculated with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus or Staphylococcus aureus to the final concentration of 6.0 x 10(7) cfu/ml and incubated at 35ºC. The absorbance of the culture broth was read at 570 nm at 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 hour. Comparison of means of A'(570) between 0 hour and a specified incubation time was determined statistically. Positive decarboxylase activities were detected in the media inoculated with E. coli and K. pneumoniae in less than 6 hours. The current method is suitable for immediate producers of amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. It costs less as it uses less amino acid and it has the potential to be used for screening aliquots of food materials for amino acid decarboxylase activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology
  4. Fulltext Acute anuric renal failure following jering bean ingestion
    Wong JS, Ong TA, Chua HH, Tan C
    Asian J Surg, 2007 Jan;30(1):80-1.
    PMID: 17337378
    Djenkol beans or jering (Pithecellobium jeringa) is a traditional delicacy consumed by the local population in Malaysia. Jering poisoning or djenkolism is characterized by spasmodic pain, urinary obstruction and acute renal failure. The underlying pathology is an obstructive nephropathy, which is usually responsive to aggressive hydration and diuretic therapy. We present a case of djenkolism following ingestion of jering. The patient required urgent bilateral ureteric stenting following the failure of conservative therapy. Healthcare providers need to recognize djenkolism as a cause of acute renal failure and the public educated on this potential health hazard.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology*
  5. Determination of trans- and cis-urocanic acid in relation to histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine contents in tuna (Auxis Thazard) at different storage temperatures
    Zare D, Muhammad K, Bejo MH, Ghazali HM
    J Food Sci, 2015 Feb;80(2):T479-83.
    PMID: 25586500 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12752
    Scombroid fish poisoning is usually associated with consumption of fish containing high levels of histamine. However, reports indicate that some cases have responded to antihistamine therapy while ingested histamine levels in these cases were low. Potentiation of histamine toxicity by some biogenic amines, and release of endogenous histamine by other compounds such as cis-urocanic acid (UCA) are some hypotheses that have been put forth to explain this anomaly. Very little is known about the effects of storage conditions on the production of both UCA isomers and biogenic amines in tuna. Thus, the production of trans- and cis-UCA, histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine in tuna during 15 d of storage at 0, 3, and 10 °C and 2 d storage at ambient temperature were monitored. The initial trans- and cis-UCA contents in fresh tuna were 2.90 and 1.47 mg/kg, respectively, whereas the levels of putrescine and cadaverine were less than 2 mg/kg, and histamine was not detected. The highest levels of trans- and cis-UCA were obtained during 15 d storage at 3 °C (23.74 and 21.79 mg/kg, respectively) while the highest concentrations of histamine (2796 mg/kg), putrescine (220.32 mg/kg) and cadaverine (1045.20 mg/kg) were obtained during storage at room temperature, 10 and 10 °C, respectively. Histamine content increased considerably during storage at 10 °C whereas trans- and cis-UCA contents changed slightly. The initial trans-UCA content decreased during storage at ambient temperature. Thus, unlike histamine, concentrations of trans- and cis-UCA did not result in elevated levels during storage of tuna.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/pathology
  6. Pyrosequencing analysis of microbial community and food-borne bacteria on restaurant cutting boards collected in Seri Kembangan, Malaysia, and their correlation with grades of food premises
    Abdul-Mutalib NA, Amin Nordin S, Osman M, Ishida N, Tashiro K, Sakai K, et al.
    Int J Food Microbiol, 2015 May 4;200:57-65.
    PMID: 25679309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.022
    This study adopts the pyrosequencing technique to identify bacteria present on 26 kitchen cutting boards collected from different grades of food premises around Seri Kembangan, a city in Malaysia. Pyrosequencing generated 452,401 of total reads of OTUs with an average of 1.4×10(7) bacterial cells/cm(2). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroides were identified as the most abundant phyla in the samples. Taxonomic richness was generally high with >1000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) observed across all samples. The highest appearance frequencies (100%) were OTUs closely related to Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas sp. and Pseudomonas putida. Several OTUs were identified most closely related to known food-borne pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Cronobacter sakazaki, Cronobacter turisensis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Hafnia alvei, Kurthia gibsonii, Salmonella bongori, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella tyhpi, Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica ranging from 0.005% to 0.68% relative abundance. The condition and grade of the food premises on a three point cleanliness scale did not correlate with the bacterial abundance and type. Regardless of the status and grades, all food premises have the same likelihood to introduce food-borne bacteria from cutting boards to their foods and must always prioritize the correct food handling procedure in order to avoid unwanted outbreak of food-borne illnesses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control
  7. Fulltext One hypervirulent clone, sequence type 283, accounts for a large proportion of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from humans and diseased tilapia in Southeast Asia
    Barkham T, Zadoks RN, Azmai MNA, Baker S, Bich VTN, Chalker V, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2019 06;13(6):e0007421.
    PMID: 31246981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007421
    BACKGROUND: In 2015, Singapore had the first and only reported foodborne outbreak of invasive disease caused by the group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae). Disease, predominantly septic arthritis and meningitis, was associated with sequence type (ST)283, acquired from eating raw farmed freshwater fish. Although GBS sepsis is well-described in neonates and older adults with co-morbidities, this outbreak affected non-pregnant and younger adults with fewer co-morbidities, suggesting greater virulence. Before 2015 ST283 had only been reported from twenty humans in Hong Kong and two in France, and from one fish in Thailand. We hypothesised that ST283 was causing region-wide infection in Southeast Asia.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a literature review, whole genome sequencing on 145 GBS isolates collected from six Southeast Asian countries, and phylogenetic analysis on 7,468 GBS sequences including 227 variants of ST283 from humans and animals. Although almost absent outside Asia, ST283 was found in all invasive Asian collections analysed, from 1995 to 2017. It accounted for 29/38 (76%) human isolates in Lao PDR, 102/139 (73%) in Thailand, 4/13 (31%) in Vietnam, and 167/739 (23%) in Singapore. ST283 and its variants were found in 62/62 (100%) tilapia from 14 outbreak sites in Malaysia and Vietnam, in seven fish species in Singapore markets, and a diseased frog in China.

    CONCLUSIONS: GBS ST283 is widespread in Southeast Asia, where it accounts for a large proportion of bacteraemic GBS, and causes disease and economic loss in aquaculture. If human ST283 is fishborne, as in the Singapore outbreak, then GBS sepsis in Thailand and Lao PDR is predominantly a foodborne disease. However, whether transmission is from aquaculture to humans, or vice versa, or involves an unidentified reservoir remains unknown. Creation of cross-border collaborations in human and animal health are needed to complete the epidemiological picture.

    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology
  8. Molecular analysis of Salmonella enteritidis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping
    Thong KL, Ngeow YF, Altwegg M, Navaratnam P, Pang T
    J Clin Microbiol, 1995 May;33(5):1070-4.
    PMID: 7615707
    A total of 61 isolates of Salmonella enteritidis were analyzed by the techniques of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping. Twenty-three of the isolates were from Zurich, Switzerland, and 38 isolates were from the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Five of the Malaysian isolates were hospital-related outbreak strains and were shown to be indistinguishable by PFGE analysis following digestion with three different restriction endonucleases, XbaI (5'-TCTAGA-3'), SpeI (5'-ACTAGT-3'), and AvrII (5'-CCTAGG-3'). The PFGE pattern of an isolate from a suspected carrier staff nurse was found to be identical to those of the hospital outbreak isolates. These isolates were also indistinguishable by ribotyping with SmaI and SphI. The same single PFGE pattern was also detected in 29 of 32 sporadic isolates of S. enteritidis. Four closely related ribotypes were detected among these 29 isolates. Similarly, outbreak-related strains from Switzerland showed close genetic identity by PFGE and ribotyping. Strains obtained from poultry showed more variations in their PFGE patterns and ribotypes, although the patterns were still closely related. In addition, SphI ribotypes A and D among the Swiss strains correlated with phage types 4 and 8, respectively. No correlation of phage types with PFGE pattern was noted. Both PFGE and ribotyping indicate that the S. enteritidis strains circulating in Malaysia and Switzerland are very similar and may be clonally related. Comparison of the PFGE patterns with the ribotypes for 23 Swiss and 16 Malaysian isolates showed that there was a 69% concordance in the grouping of isolates. We conclude that the close genetic similarity observed between epidemiologically unrelated and outbreak-related isolates of S. enteritidis suggests that both PFGE and ribotyping are of limited value in the epidemiological analysis of these particular isolates, possibly because of the highly clonal nature of pathogenic strains of S. enteritidis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology
  9. Fulltext Review of the trends and causes of food borne outbreaks in Malaysia from 1988 to 1997
    Meftahuddin T
    Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):70-9.
    PMID: 14569721 MyJurnal
    This paper examines the trend and possible contributing factors for the occurrence of the food borne diseases outbreaks in Malaysia. These diseases mainly are cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dysentery and food poisoning. The outbreaks still occur sporadically in certain high risk areas throughout the country. The incidence rate of all the other three major food borne diseases steadily declined from the year 1988 to 1997 except for food poisoning and cholera. Statistic of food poisoning from the year 1996 to 1997 showed that 66.5% of the outbreak occurred in schools whereas only 0.4% originated from the contaminated food sold at various public food outlets. The school age group is always more affected than the general population. Amongst the contributing factors identified are related to unhygienic food handling practices followed by inadequate safe water supply and poor environmental sanitation. A multisectoral approach between Ministry of Health and other government agencies or private agents needs to be undertaken in the management of the food borne diseases in order to curb the incidences of food borne diseases in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology*
  10. Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activity of aromatic Malaysian herb extracts against food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms
    Aziman N, Abdullah N, Noor ZM, Kamarudin WS, Zulkifli KS
    J Food Sci, 2014 Apr;79(4):M583-92.
    PMID: 24666004 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12419
    Preliminary phytochemical and flavonoid compounds of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 6 aromatic Malaysian herbs were screened and quantified using Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The herbal extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 10 food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms using disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of herbal extracts were determined. In the phytochemical screening process, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. hydropiper exhibited presence of all 7 tested phytochemical compounds. Among all herbal extracts, the aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against 7 tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with diameter ranging from 7.0 to 18.5 mm and 6.5 to 19 mm, respectively. The MIC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 18.75 to 175 mg/mL and 0.391 to 200 mg/mL, respectively while the MBC/MFC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 25 to 200 mg/mL and 3.125 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. Major types of bioactive compounds in aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts were identified using RP-HPLC instrument. Flavonoids found in these plants were epi-catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The ability of aqueous Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H. Gross and Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm. extracts to inhibit the growth of bacteria is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential. Hence these herbal extracts may be used as natural preservative to improve the safety and shelf-life of food and pharmaceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology*; Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control
  11. Fulltext Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Lymnaea acuminata at Different Wavelengths of Visible Light
    Chaturvedi D, Singh VK
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016 Aug;27(2):25-36.
    PMID: 27688849 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.3
    Fasciolosis is a water and food-borne disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This disease is widespread in different parts of the world. Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae snails are the intermediate hosts of these flukes. Snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematodes. Chlorophyll can be extracted from any green plant. Chlorophyllin was prepared from spinach in 100% ethanol by using different types of chemicals. The chlorophyll obtained from spinach was transformed into water-soluble chlorophyllin. In the present paper, toxicity of chlorophyllin against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. The toxicity of extracted and pure chlorophyllin at continuous 4 h exposure of sunlight was highest with lethal concentration (LC50) of 331.01 mg/L and 2.60 mg/L, respectively, than discontinuous exposure of sunlight up to 8 h with LC50 of 357.04 mg/L and 4.94 mg/L, respectively. Toxicity of extracted chlorophyllin was noted in the presence of different monochromatic visible lights. The highest toxicity was noted in yellow light (96 h, LC50 392.77 mg/L) and the lowest in green light (96 h, LC50 833.02 mg/L). Chlorophyllin in combination with solar radiation or different wavelength of monochromatic visible lights may become a latent remedy against the snail L. acuminata. It was demonstrated that chlorophyllin was more toxic in sunlight. Chlorophyllin is ecologically safe and more economical than synthetic molluscicides which have the potential to control the incidence of fasciolosis in developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  12. Fulltext Interactive games to improve knowledge on food poisoning prevention among school children in Cheras
    Mohd Safwan Ibrahim, Noriah Hajib, Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi, Erma Nur Shadila Mahamad Najadi
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):98-98.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Food poisoning may occur as single sporadic cases or massive outbreak in any institution, including boarding schools. Early this year, Cheras District Health Office had implemented set of interactive games on food safety programme at two boarding schools in Cheras which had repeated incidences of food poisoning outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interactive games on knowledge of food safety among school children in Cheras. Methods: This study is a retrospective study based on secondary data. Two boarding school with total of 135 students were. The students were divided into 4 groups and participates in all 4 modules of interactive games. There were 10 items pre and post questionnaire on food safety knowledge collected during the program with score ranged zero to ten. The data were analysed descriptively and analytically with paired t test. Results: The response rate of this study was 100 %. Majority of the respondents were Malays (68.1%) and male (66.7%). The mean score at pre and post were 6.78 and 7.72 respectively. Paired t test showed that there was a significant increase of 0.94 mean score of knowledge after the programme (p-value < 0.05, CI 95%= -1.212, -0.664). Conclusion: The knowledge scores on food safety of the students increased significantly after the interactive game. However, without control group, the improvement cannot be said solely due to the program itself.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  13. Fulltext Readiness of school teachers to accept notifications about causes and preventive measures on food poisoning
    Marzo RR, Bhattacharya S, Niranjan V, Shagaran K, Mohd Idris MAB, Clement BJ, et al.
    J Educ Health Promot, 2020;9:43.
    PMID: 32318611 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_505_19
    INTRODUCTION: In this era of globalization, urbanization, and rapidly expanding unhygienic food corners across the globe, the incidence of food poisoning is very common nowadays.

    AIM: The aim of our study was to investigate the perceptions and readiness of schoolteachers to accept notifications on food poisoning as a part of education to the students.

    METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the help of a validated questionnaire for data collection. Our research involved schoolteachers from both primary and secondary schools in Muar. The questionnaire was pretested among the eligible trainee teachers and yielded an internal consistency reliability coefficient (c = Cronbach's alpha) of 0.082. This study was conducted from October 29, 2017, to December 14, 2018, in Muar. Our sample size was 259. Ethical consent was obtained from the Institution Ethical Committee.

    RESULTS: A total of 259 schoolteachers from both primary and secondary schools in Muar were included in this study. In our study, 81.1% of the teachers responded that they can easily educate their students about food poisoning. Most of them (93.1%) were ready to receive notifications on food poisoning in any mode, and about 72% of the teachers preferred WhatsApp as their mode of receiving notification. The least (1.2%) preferred mode of notification was LINE (a social app). Teachers' willingness to disseminate the information regarding food poisoning was also higher (98.5%).

    CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that majority of the schoolteachers had a good perception and were ready to receive the notifications on food poisoning through WhatsApp as a part of education to the students.

    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  14. Fulltext Experimental and survey-based data on willingness to pay for seafood safety and environmental sustainability certification in Nigeria
    Shikuku KM, Tran N, Pincus L, Hoffmann V, Lagerkvist CJ, Akintola SL, et al.
    Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105540.
    PMID: 32346573 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105540
    Aquatic foods, including fish, are a substantial component of animal source foods globally, and make a critical nutritional contribution to diets in many contexts. In the global North, concern among consumers and regulators over the safety and environmental sustainability of seafood, particularly in developed nations, has led to the development of increasingly stringent seafood safety standards. While such standards may constitute regularity, logistical, and economic barriers to participation in export markets by small-scale producers, they have in other contexts catalysed upgrades to production and post-harvest handling practices within value chains associated with both capture fisheries and aquaculture. The health burden of foodborne illnesses is a major concern in developing countries. As incomes rise, consumers in developing countries are increasingly willing to pay a premium for safer and environmentally sustainable foods. However, there is little empirical evidence on consumers' willingness to pay for seafood safety in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on demand for seafood safety and environmental sustainability certification in African countries are largely unavailable in the public domain. In this paper, we describe data collected in Lagos State, Nigeria in October and November 2019. Experiments in the form of Becker-DeGroote-Marschak (BDM) auction mechanism, and post experiment surveys were conducted with 200 fish consumers in fish markets. These data can be used to assess whether consumers' demand for safe and healthy seafood from local markets can be harnessed to generate positive economic returns to producers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  15. Fulltext Structural equation modelling of food safety knowledge, attitude and practices among consumers in Malaysia
    Soon JM, Wahab IRA, Hamdan RH, Jamaludin MH
    PLoS One, 2020;15(7):e0235870.
    PMID: 32639978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235870
    Factors contributing to foodborne illnesses in Malaysia were identified as insanitary food handling procedures and lack of hygiene in food preparation area. Food safety at home is a critical point as consumers represent the final step in food preparation and prevention of foodborne diseases. This study aims to investigate the food safety knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices among consumers in Malaysia. An online survey was conducted, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. A model linking food safety knowledge and attitude and their direct effects on practices were confirmed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The proposed model fulfilled the goodness of fit indices and is deemed acceptable. Respondents demonstrate good level of food safety knowledge and positive attitudes and self-reported practices. Food safety knowledge has a negative and insignificant relationship with food safety practices (β1 = -0.284, p>0.05) while attitude significantly affects food safety practices (β1 = 0.534, p<0.05). The findings clearly indicate that food safety knowledge does not directly affect food safety practices This is also the first study to provide new empirical findings on thermometer usage among consumers in Malaysia. This study establishes an important point of reference where consumers use visual appearances to determine if food is thoroughly cooked and practice washing raw chicken prior to cooking. Food safety practices at home play a critical role in protecting consumers in reducing risks of foodborne illnesses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  16. Fulltext A preliminary study for developing operator manual for ruminant abattoirs on prevention of foodborne diseases and halal compliance
    Myat Min @ Mohd Omar, Abdulrezak Abdulahi Hashi, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Intan Azura Shahdan, Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd Amin, Niza Shamsuddin
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):528-536.
    MyJurnal
    Foodborne diseases (FBD) can occur along the whole series of food production from the sources and processing until serving for consumers. Among the sources of food, meat is a major concern since it is come from animal origin where the pathogens might transmit to human and/or contaminate microbes from infected meat handlers to consumers at any time. Abattoir operators – managers and workers, and the authorities – Veterinary and Halal officers, play the key role in conversion of live food animals to healthy and edible halal meat and useful animal products fit for human consumption. Abattoir operators, abattoir operating procedures including animal handling and meat process need to abide the standard operating procedures (SOP) as guided by the authority for the safety of meat in meeting the requirements for public health. It is also to be in lines with the halal rules and regulations from the perspective of Islam so that to achieve halal food and products which are beneficial for both physical and spiritual. A number of researches have conducted in the prevalence of FBD but lack of prevention with combination of halal-compliance especially in ruminant abattoir areas. The researcher aims to do preliminary study for developing the required Operator Manual of Ruminant Abattoirs (OMRA) on prevention of FBD and also for halal compliance. This preliminary study will be looking into the process of ruminant abattoir by literature search if its premises, staffs, animal handling and the equipment used are in accordance with the halal compliance and prevention of FBD. From visiting two abattoirs and online data sources, gathering relevant information for ruminant abattoir and halal meat of Malaysia is done. Based on the preliminary findings, the three major accreditations of Malaysia which are MS1500:2009 guidelines of Department of Standards Malaysia, JAKIM (Jabatan Agama Kemajuan Islam Malaysia/ Department of Islamic Development Malaysia) 2008 & 2011 Malaysian halal meat protocols, and DVS (Department of Veterinary Services of Malaysia) code of veterinary practice 2012 respectively. They are compared and analyzed to get the required information for further developing OMRA for the benefits of meat industry, health ministry, global halal market authority and all consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  17. Fulltext Spatial analysis of food poisoning cases and its environmental relations in Sabah, Malaysia
    Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):4-4.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Food poisoning usually occurs with the consumption of contaminated food. Some related factors are unsafe water supply, poor sanitation, unhygienic waste disposal and unhygienic practices or poor personal hygiene by food handlers. The purpose of this study is to describe the spatial epidemiology of food poisoning cases in the four districts of Sabah. Methods: This review consists of all food poisoning cases reported from 2011 to 2014 from Kota Kinabalu, Penampang, Putatan and Papar, Sabah. The coordinates used for locations of cases are based on home addresses. Tools such as SPSS v20, ArcGIS v10 and CrimeStat IV were used for data analysis and mapping. Results: A total of 1,787 cases of food poisoning were reported during this review period. In 2011, only Kota Kinabalu and Pa-par illustrated significant food poisoning clusters. Meanwhile, in the year 2012 to 2014, Kota Kinabalu, Penampang and Putatan had clustering of cases. Analysis of nearest neighbour hierarchical clustering analysis showed 32 food poisoning clusters. There were 4 food poisoning points at 500 meters radius around a market place, 2 food poisoning points near a sewage plant and 1 food poisoning point near a water treatment plant. No cases were near a municipal landfill. For rivers and coastline, there were 37 points of food poisoning cases in the proximity of 500 meters. Con-clusion: Food poisoning usually occurs in clusters with possible associated environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  18. Fulltext Pre-enrichment effect on PCR Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in artificially-contaminated raw chicken meat
    Mohd Afendy, A.T., Son, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(6):2571-2575.
    MyJurnal
    Salmonella remains to be a major foodborne pathogen for animals and humans and is the
    leading cause of foodborne infections and outbreaks in various countries. Salmonella Enteritidis
    is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes in poultry and poultry products from human
    food poisoning cases. It can cause mild to acute gastroenterititis as well as other common
    food poisoning symptoms when infection takes place in human. Nucleic acid amplification
    technologies such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a tool that is rapid and sensitive
    for detection of bacterial pathogen. We report the successful detection of S. Enteritidis by
    PCR in raw chicken meat artificially-contaminated with serial concentration of S. Enteritidis
    using crude DNA extracts as DNA template. PCR primers, ENT-F and ENT-R targeted on sdfI
    gene were used to amplify DNA region unique to S. Enteritidis with crude DNA extract of the
    samples, yielded product with the size of 303 bp. These primers were specific to S. Enteritidis
    when tested by in-silico simulation against genome database of targeted bacterial species and
    confirmed in PCR as amplification bands were observed with S. Typhimurium, S. Polarum and
    S. Gallinarum. The established PCR can detect as few as 9.4 X 101
    CFU/ml of inoculated S.
    Enteritidis concentration and proved that pre-enrichment effect have significant effect on PCR
    detection by increasing 1000-fold of the sensitivity limit compared to the non pre-enriched
    samples. The PCR technique indicated that it can be successfully coupled with pre-enrichment
    step to offer advantage in routine screening and surveillance of bacterial contamination in food
    samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  19. Fulltext Molecular quantitation and characterization of Vibrio cholerae from different seafood obtained from wetmarket and supermarket
    Vengadesh, L., Son, R., Yoke-Kqueen, C.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):45-50.
    MyJurnal
    Vibrio cholerae still represents a significant threat to human health worldwide despite the advances in hygiene, consumer knowledge, food treatment and food processing. In Malaysia, statistics in year 2009 have shown that among the food and water borne diseases, food poisoning has the highest incidence rate of 36.17 per 100,000 populations and with a mortality rate of 0.01 per 100,000 populations. In this study, 22 seafood samples comprising of fish, squid, crustacean and mollusks purchased from wet market and supermarket were analyzed. The Most Probable Number (MPN) and real time PCR was used to enumerate the Vibrio cholerae in seafood sample. The results showed that MPN-real time PCR of the samples from wet market had a maximum of >1100 MPN/g compare to 93 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The MPN-real time PCR in the samples from supermarket indicated 290 MPN/g as compared to 240 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The standard curves showed that there was a good linear correlation between the Ct values. The minimum level of detection of Vibrio cholerae standard DNA at targeted gene was 3 x 10-5 ng/μl.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  20. Fulltext Short communication antibacterial property of Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus peel extracts
    Nurmahani, M.M., Azizah, A.H., Azizah, O., Ghazali, F.M., Mohd Sabri, P.D.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):77-84.
    MyJurnal
    Food-borne diseases have always been a major concern to the consumers, food safety authorities and food industries. Hylocereus spp or Pitaya peels are normally treated as wastes and will be discarded during processing. In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus (red flesh pitaya) and Hylocereus undatus (white flesh pitaya) peels against nine pathogens was evaluated using disc diffusion method and broth micro-dilution method. Result from disc diffusion method showed that chloroform extracts from H. polyrhizus and H. undatus peel were found to exhibit good antibacterial activity where almost all the pathogens studied were successfully inhibited. Result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that all extracts inhibit the growth of bacteria in the range of 1.25-10.00 mg/mL for all bacteria while their minimum bacteriacidal concentrations (MBC) indicated double of the MICs concentration except for B. cereus, L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni. Even though there is no clear trend indicating which bacteria were sensitive most to the extract, it can be concluded that chloroform extract of both H. polyrhizusand H. undatus peel showed the most potent antibacterial activity. Thus, these findings could be used further to understand the antibacterial property of the peel of pitaya fruits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
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