Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 294 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively
    Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD
    Sci Total Environ, 2023 Jan 15;856(Pt 2):159283.
    PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283
    Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates/chemistry
  2. Carboxymethyl cellulose/sodium alginate beads incorporated with calcium carbonate nanoparticles and bentonite for phosphate recovery
    Fu J, Yap JX, Leo CP, Chang CK
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Apr 15;234:123642.
    PMID: 36791941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123642
    Although anionic polyelectrolyte hydrogel beads offer attractive adsorption of cationic dyes, phosphate adsorption is limited by electrostatic interactions. In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel beads were modified with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and/or bentonite (Be). The compatibility between CaCO3 and Be was proven by the homogeneous surface, as shown in the scanning electron microscopic images. Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction spectra further confirmed the existence of inorganic filler in the hydrogel beads. Although CMC/SA/Be/CaCO3 hydrogel beads attained the highest methylene blue and phosphate adsorption capacities (142.15 MB mg/g, 90.31 P mg/g), phosphate adsorption was significantly improved once CaCO3 nanoparticles were incorporated into CMC/SA/CaCO3 hydrogel beads. The kinetics of MB adsorption by CMC/SA hydrogel beads with or without inorganic fillers could be described by the pseudo-second-order model under chemical interactions. The phosphate adsorption by CMC/SA/Be/CaCO3 hydrogel beads could be explained by the Elovich model due to heterogeneous properties. The incorporation of Be and CaCO3 also improved the phosphate adsorption through chemical interaction since Langmuir isotherm fitted the phosphate adsorption by CMC/SA/Be/CaCO3 hydrogel beads. Unlike MB adsorption, the reusability of these hydrogel beads in phosphate adsorption reduced slightly after 5 cycles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates*
  3. Spherical covalent-organic framework-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry reveals the promotional effect of triphenyl phosphate on breast cancer in mice
    Ouyang D, Dan A, Lin Z, Cai Z
    Sci Total Environ, 2024 Dec 10;955:177155.
    PMID: 39447910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177155
    Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a wide-used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), is suspected to be a risk factor for the female-specific cancers, but underlying toxicity mechanisms of environmentally relevant dose exposure remain unclear. Herein, a strategy of spherical covalent organic framework (TPB-BPTP-COF)-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), which benefited from fast analysis speed, facile sample preprocessing, and high throughput, was proposed for unveiling the biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) and the relationship between TPP exposure and progression of BC in mice by serum metabolism analysis. The results displayed that 13 metabolites associated with BC development were up-regulated in experimental group versus healthy control mice. Moreover, long-term exposure to environmentally relevant doses of TPP was found to promote BC, mainly by affecting glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyrimidine metabolism, pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis, and β-alanine metabolism. This work proved the potential application of COFs as LDI-MS substrates in analyzing complex biological samples, and also revealed the risk of long-term low-dose exposure to TPP in the development of BC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tritolyl Phosphates/toxicity
  4. Key insight of groundwater quality and nutrients contamination in Pulau Kapas, Terengganu
    Cheong SM, Joseph B, Ahmad Idham K, Ahmad Rusyaidi MM, Yong JC, Adiana G
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2024 Dec;209(Pt A):117102.
    PMID: 39406063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117102
    Pulau Kapas is tropical island which dominantly depends on land-supplied and groundwater for freshwater sources. The groundwater quality was monitored monthly, to identify the possible factors effecting the groundwater quality throughout May to October 2022. Physico-chemical parameters were in-situ measured and groundwater were collected for nutrients analysis in the laboratory. The concentration of ammonium, phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate were in the range of 0.07-1.08 mg/L, 0.00-0.06 mg/L, BDL-18 × 10-4 mg/L and 0.01-0.19 mg/L, respectively. The cluster and principal component analysis unveiled the seawater intrusion for freshwater needs was the dominant factor affecting the groundwater. Followed by the dissolution of soil particles surrounds the groundwater table, and the surface run-off by rainfall. In conclusion, the groundwater was affected by geogenic factors as it was not extensively extracted due to movement control order of Covid-19 event. This has provided significant insight for a better management plan in sustaining the groundwater of Pulau Kapas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates/analysis
  5. Fulltext Preliminary in Vivo evaluation of bone healing in critical size bone defects implanted with an injectable calcium phospate bone cement (Osteopaste)
    Che Nor Zarida Che Seman, Zamzuri Zakaria, Zunariah Buyong, Mohd Shukrimi Awang, Ahmad Razali Md Ralib @ Md Raghib
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):23-23.
    MyJurnal
    A novel injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (osteopaste) has been
    developed. Its potential application in orthopaedics as a filler of bone defects has been
    studied. The biomaterial was composed of tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tricalcium
    phosphate (TCP) powder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
    healing process of osteopaste in rabbit tibia.(Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Phosphates
  6. Fulltext Influence of dispersion formulating process on surface roughness and microstructure of poly(vinyliden fluoride) films by electrophoretic deposition
    Lau, K.T., Kok, S.L., Razak, J.A., Munawar, R.F.
    Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2015;11(1):28-31.
    MyJurnal
    Piezoelectric poly(vinyliden fluoride) (PVDF) is attractive because of their low cost, lightweight, biocompatibility and superior mechanical flexibility. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique has the capability of conformally deposit PVDF film on uneven surface target. Nevertheless, knowledge of the role of dispersion formulating process is crucial for achieving an even and uniform PVDF film. Sedimentation test showed PVDF polymer dispersions are more stable and well-dispersed in DMF than in MEK media. For MEK-based dispersion, higher stirring temperature produced less stable and more agglomerated PVDF dispersion, whereas longer stirring time reduced the degree of the PVDF polymer agglomeration. More stable DMF-based dispersions produced lower PVDF depositions than the less stable MEK-based dispersions. PVDF dispersions with higher degree of agglomeration produced films with higher surface roughness and porosity feature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  7. Fulltext Preparation, optimization and swelling study of carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS)-acid hydrogel
    Tuan Mohamood NFA, Zainuddin N, Ahmad Ayob M, Tan SW
    Chem Cent J, 2018 Dec 06;12(1):133.
    PMID: 30523481 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0500-8
    In this study, sago starch was modified in order to enhance its physicochemical properties. Carboxymethylation was used to introduce a carboxymethyl group into a starch compound. The carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) was used to prepare smart hydrogel by adding acetic acid into the CMSS powder as the crosslinking agent. The degree of substitution of the CMSS obtained was 0.6410. The optimization was based on the gel content and degree of swelling of the hydrogel. In this research, four parameters were studied in order to optimize the formation of CMSS-acid hydrogel. The parameters were; CMSS concentration, acetic acid concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature. From the data analyzed, 76.69% of optimum gel content was obtained with 33.77 g/g of degree of swelling. Other than that, the swelling properties of CMSS-acid hydrogel in different media such as salt solution, different pH of phosphate buffer saline solution as well as acidic and alkaline solution were also investigated. The results showed that the CMSS-acid hydrogel swelled in both alkaline and salt solution, while in acidic or low pH solution, it tended to shrink and deswell. The production of the hydrogel as a smart material offers a lot of auspicious benefits in the future especially related to swelling behaviour and properties of the hydrogel in different types of media.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  8. Titanium dioxide nanotubes in chloride based electrolyte: an alternative to fluoride based electrolyte
    Ng S, Yam F, Beh K, Hassan Z
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:947-951.
    Often, fluoride based electrolyte was applied to synthesize highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotubes. However, in the present work, bundled titanium dioxide nanotubes were fabricated in chloride based electrolyte through electrochemical method. Structural and morphological investigations were carried out on the nanotubes synthesized under different anodization parameters. The growth mechanism of such nanotubes was elucidated and illustrated. The estimated diameter of the as-anodized nanotube was less than 150 nm while the length varied from hundreds of nanometer to microns. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra have showed anatase and rutile phases of titanium dioxide within the thermally treated samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  9. Comparison on the cell abundance of Benthic Dinoflagellates in macrophytes and water column collected from open coastal waters and semi-enclosed lagoon
    Normawaty Mohammad-Noor, Asilah Al-Has, Aung T, Shahbudin Saad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:595-599.
    Benthic dinoflagellates are known to occur in the water column. The reason they can be found in different parts of the ecosystem is not clear. This study aims to determine the species and the cell abundance of benthic dinoflagellates in the water column and macrophytes collected from two different locations i.e. semi-enclosed lagoon and open coastal waters. The physico-chemical parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen) and nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) were determined. Results showed that in the lagoon, the most abundant dinoflagellate species on the macrophytes was also the most abundant dinoflagellate species in the water column. The species that dominated the water column and marophytes in the lagoon was Bysmatrum caponii. In the coastal area the trend was not clear. Coolia dominated the macrophytes whereas Peridinium quinquecorne dominated the water column. The physico-chemical parameters determined were similar at both sites except for nutrients. Results show that type of substrates and different geomorphology effects benthic dinoflagellates cell abundance in the macrophytes and water column.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  10. Aryl diazonium modification for improved graphite fiber brush in microbial fuel cell
    Siti Farah Nadiah Rusli, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar, Loh Kee Shyuan, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar, Seratul Jemiah Abdul Rani, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3017-3023.
    Aryl diazonium salts are coupling agents that assist in molecules attachment to interfaces for sensing purposes. Despite
    not being fully explored and not yet widely applicable for cell-based sensors, the high stability of aryl diazonium salt
    formed sensing system is highly favorable in biological applications. Carbon-based electrodes are the most commonly
    used in aryl diazonium modification due to its post grafting stable C-C bond formation. Here, salt bridge based microbial
    fuel cells (MFCs) were used to study on the effect of aryl diazonium modification on the anode graphite fibre brush. Aryl
    diazonium salts were in situ generated by the diazonation of p-phenylenediamine with NaNO2 in HCl solution. The
    electrochemical performance of the aryl diazonium modified graphite brush MFC was measured and compared with the
    unmodified graphite brush MFC. The power output of the modified graphite brush bioanode was higher (8.33 W/m3
    )
    than the unmodified graphite brush (7.60 W/m3
    ) after 20 days of operation with ferricyanide as the catholyte. After 70
    days of operation using phosphate buffer solution as the catholyte, the Pmax of modified brush was three times higher
    (0.06 W/m3
    ) than of the unmodified brush (0.02 W/m3
    ), which indicates an enhanced binding towards the substrate that
    facilitates a better electron transfer between the microbial and electrode surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  11. Chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate as a coating for elastomeric ligatures with sustained antimicrobial properties: A laboratory study
    Kamarudin Y, Skeats MK, Ireland AJ, Barbour ME
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2020 Nov;158(5):e73-e82.
    PMID: 33008710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.07.027
    INTRODUCTION: White spot lesions are a common side effect of orthodontic treatment. This laboratory study aimed to explore the suitability of chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate (CHX-HMP) as a coating for orthodontic elastomeric ligatures to provide sustained chlorhexidine (CHX) release.

    METHODS: Dissolution kinetics of CHX-HMP were firstly explored using spectroscopy and a colorimetric phosphate assay. Elastomeric ligatures were categorized into 3 groups-acetone-conditioned, ethanol-conditioned, and as received-and were then immersed in 5 mM CHX-HMP suspension or 5 mM chlorhexidine digluconate solution and rinsed. CHX release was measured over 8 weeks, and the effects of conditioning and immersion on elastomeric force and extension at rupture and surface topography were investigated.

    RESULTS: CHX-HMP exhibited a gradual equilibration that had not reached equilibrium within 8 weeks, releasing soluble CHX and a mixture of polyphosphate and orthophosphate. CHX digluconate-treated ligatures showed no CHX release, whereas CHX-HMP-treated ligatures showed varying degrees of release. As received, CHX-HMP-treated ligatures showed a modest release of CHX up to 7 days. Acetone conditioning did not enhance CHX-HMP uptake or subsequent CHX release and caused a deterioration in mechanical properties. Ethanol conditioning enhanced CHX-HMP uptake (6×) and led to a sustained CHX release over 8 weeks without affecting mechanical properties.

    CONCLUSIONS: Within the inherent limitations of this in-vitro study, CHX-HMP led to a sustained release of CHX from orthodontic elastomeric ligatures after ethanol conditioning. Conditioned and coated elastomeric ligatures may ultimately find application in the prevention of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  12. Fulltext Preparation of Temozolomide-Loaded Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Multiforme Targeting-Ideal Versus Reality
    Lee CY, Ooi IH
    Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2016;9(3).
    PMID: 27618068 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030054
    Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for glioblastoma multiforme, but the required high administration dose is accompanied by side effects. To overcome this problem and to further improve TMZ's efficacy, targeted delivery of TMZ by using polymeric nanoparticles has been explored. We synthesised the PLGA-PEG-FOL copolymer and attempted encapsulation of TMZ into PLGA-PEG-FOL nanoparticles using the emulsion solvent evaporation method and the nanoprecipitation method. Conjugation of PEG and FOL to PLGA has been reported to be able to increase the delivery of TMZ to the brain as well as targeting the glioma cells. However, despite making numerous modifications to these methods, the loading of TMZ in the nanoparticles only ranged between 0.2% and 2%, and the nanoparticles were between 400 nm and 600 nm in size after freeze-drying. We proceed with determining the release profile of TMZ in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Our initial data indicated that TMZ was slowly released from the nanoparticles. The metabolite of TMZ rather than the parent compound was detected in PBS. Our study suggests that while PLGA-PEG-FOL can be used as a polymeric or encapsulation material for central delivery of TMZ, a practical and cost effective formulation method is still far from reach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  13. Fulltext Effects of incorporating wollastonite and mine - silica by - product to the hardness of glass ionomer cement (GIC)
    Tengku Yasmin Tengku Azam, Quah, Xin Ying, Ismail Ab Rahman, Sam’an Malik Masudi, Norhayati Luddin, Rashita Abd Rashid
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2013;8(2):54-59.
    MyJurnal
    Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has theunique fluoride release property and able to formionic bond with tooth structure. However, the brittleness of the material results in low hardness. In the present study, a new approach in utilization of local waste materials as fillers for improvement of hardness of GIC is reported.The synthesized wollastonite and mine-silica by-product were individually incorporated into commercial GIC and the Vickers hardness were evaluated. The results shown that the incorporation of 1 % wollastonite into GIC gave ~ 6% increment in hardness compared to the control GIC (66.53H ±7.37 versus 62.66HV±2.98)but not for themine-silica. Thus, wollastonite could be a potential material to be utilized as fillersin dental restorative composite
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  14. Fulltext Evidence-based clinical recommendations for fluoride use: a review
    Mani, Shani Ann
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2009;4(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    The use of fluoride as a preventive measure for dental caries has been established more than 50 years ago. The recommendations for fluoride use has been modified over the years due to factors like decreased prevalence of caries, increased prevalence of dental fluorosis and the widespread availability of fluoride in various forms to the community. In recent years, the role of evidence-based recommendations has come to the forefront, in an attempt to ensure the most favorable treatment for the individual. This review has attempted to appraise the most recent evidence- based recommendations for different fluoride modalities put forth by various organizations worldwide, in order to appreciate the current status of fluoride in the early 21st century.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  15. Fulltext Effect of CaCO3 particle size in synthesis of β-TCP powder
    Yeong, Meng How, Shah Rizal Kasim, Hazizan Md Akil, Zainal Arifin Ahmad
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):19-24.
    MyJurnal
    β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powders were synthesized by using various particles sizes (40 nm – 780 μm) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at room temperature (25 ˚C). The synthesized powders were characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The purity of β-TCP powders were determined from XRD pattern while the crystallite size of β-TCP powders were calculated by using Scherrer equation. Results shows that the purity of β-TCP powders were ranged from 20.33 % to 81.94 % while the crystallite size of β- TCP powders were ranged from 0.04391 μm to 0.06751 μm. From this work, particle size of CaCO3 will influenced the purity but not the mean crystallite size of synthesized β-TCP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Phosphates
  16. Fulltext Past Fluoride Exposure From Ingested Toothpaste Extrapolated From Younger Siblings And Fluorosis Status
    Tan, B.S., Razak, I.A., Foo, L.C.
    Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the study was to assess the association between past fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste and current fluorosis manifestations in 10- 11 year old index subjects. Fluorosis was assessed with the Dean’s Index in 1343 10-11 year old index subjects. Two hundred index subjects who had younger 4-5 year old siblings were sub sampled and fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste in their younger siblings (proxy subjects) were determined. The values for the fluoride ingested per brushing of the proxy subjects were utilised together with past frequency of toothbrushing of index subjects to extrapolate on the past exposure of index subjects. The mean extrapolated past fluoride exposure from ingestion of toothpaste was highly variable; 671.7 ug ± 739.3 ug (sem= 56.9). It was higher in the subjects with fluorosis (697.3 ug) than in those without fluorosis (646.89 ug) but differences were not of statistical significance. This approach of extrapolation has not been reported elsewhere and need to be validated. The implications of the present methodology to estimate past fluoride exposure is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  17. Fulltext The Immediate Term Effect Of Chewing Commercially Available Meswak (Salvadora Persica) On Levels Of Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate And Thiocyanate In Whole Saliva.
    Kaur, S., Abdul Jalil, R., Akmar, S.L.
    Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chewing commercially available meswak may have on levels of calcium, chloride, phosphate and thiocyanate in stimulated whole saliva. A total of 20 subjects participated in the investigation. They were distributed into two groups. Those in group A (10 individuals) were asked to first chew on a cotton roll (sized #1) followed by the chewing of an equivalent sized 5mm piece of commercially available meswak. Subjects in group B (10 individuals) did the same but, chewed on cotton roll (sized #2) followed by the chewing of an equivalent sized 10mm piece of commercially available meswak. After following a specified chewing protocol, samples of stimulated whole saliva were collected into a graduated tube at the end of every chewing regime. Calcium, chloride, phosphate and thiocyanate analysis were carried out using colour titration and spectrophotometer. Results from this investigation indicated that commercially available meswak chewing sticks apart from containing high amounts of calcium and chloride may possibly release phosphate and thiocyanate into whole saliva. These findings suggest that the commercially available meswak used as chewing sticks may have the potential of releasing substances into saliva that could influence the state of oral health. Further studies have to be carried out to ascertain the therapeutic benefits of chewing commercially available meswak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  18. Fulltext Mechanical Properties of Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite
    Muslim, Y.S., Knowles, J., Howlett, J.
    Ann Dent, 2005;12(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been increasingly used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility with living tissues. However, its use is limited to low load bearing areas due to the poor mechanical properties compared to bone. The aim of this project is to improve the mechanical properties of synthetic HA by optimising the processing method and also by using a phosphate based glass as a sintering aid to develop Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite (GR-HA). A phosphate based glass containing CaO, P2O5 and CaF2 was incorporated into HA at 2.5wt% and 5wt% additions during the milling process prior to sintering at 1300°C. The flexural strength mean values for GR-HA ranged from 80MPa to 110MPa. Pure HA exhibited a much lower flexural strength mean value ranging from 66MPa to 79MPa. The improved mechanical properties were associated with the occurrence of residual stress as a result of decomposition of HA to b-Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) and in 5wt% GRHA to a-Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP).
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium Phosphates
  19. Fulltext Efficacy of Concomitant Therapy with Fluoride and Chlorhexidine Varnish on Remineralization of Incipient Lesions in Young Children
    Naidu S, Tandon S, Nayak R, Ratnanag PV, Prajapati D, Kamath N
    Int J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2016 Oct-Dec;9(4):296-302.
    PMID: 28127159 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1381
    To assess the effect of combined use of chlorhexidine and fluoride varnish on the remineralization of incipient carious lesions in young children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
  20. Using walnut shells as low-cost adsorbent materials in an anaerobic filter medium of a De-centralized wastewater treatment system (DEWATS)
    Zaheer M, Ali MS, Huang N, Ashraf MA
    Chemosphere, 2023 Nov;341:140080.
    PMID: 37678602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140080
    The flow of unprocessed sewage through municipal sewers is a great source of water contamination. This study aims to observe the pollutants removal efficiencies of walnut shells as an efficient low-cost adsorbent material compared to gravel materials as an anaerobic filter medium. Two models of the De-Centralized Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) were constructed. The wastewater flowing from toilets and handwashing places was connected to anaerobic filters filled with walnut shells and gravel. The efficiency of both filter media in the removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate (NO3), and phosphate (PO43), pH and temperature were observed at the influent of the settler tank and then at the effluent of the collection tank (CT). Temperature and pH were within the acceptable limit of wastewater discharge. The results also indicated that the walnut shells filter media was more efficient at removing organic pollutants (TSS 94%, BOD5 88%, COD 85%, Nitrate 57%, phosphate 46%, and TDS 29%) than the gravel (TSS 81%, BOD5 82%, COD 84%, Nitrate 35%, phosphate 38%, and TDS 26%) at the successive stages. The average removal efficiency of the walnut shell was 88% while in the gravel case, it was 83%. The removal efficiency of walnut shell filters was extensively better over the complete experiment compared to gravel filters for the removal of pollutants, representing the high sorption capability of the walnut shell material. The results of this study show that the walnut shells may be a very useful substitute for other conventional fillers for anaerobic treatment in the anaerobic filter of DEWATS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphates
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links