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Comparison of adverse effects following immunisation degree after the administration COVID-19 vaccine of different platforms

Bermawi B, Donastin A, Sari NDK, Kurniasari DW, Adriansyah AA, Ferdiansyah MA, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(2):124-127.
PMID: 38553914

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination is an effective way to overcome the spread of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). However, it can give rise to adverse event following immunisation (AEFI). AEFI is an important aspect that is assessed in vaccine safety standards. It is assumed that different vaccine platforms can give rise to different degrees of AEFI severity, but so far there have been no studies that discuss the differences in the degree of AEFI on each type of COVID- 19 vaccine platform.
AIM: Evaluate the differences in the degree of AEFI on each type of COVID-19 vaccine platform.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research used a quantitative analytical observational design with a cross sectional approach. Data collection from participants was carried out by filling out questionnaires. The collected data was tabulated and statistical analysis was carried out.
RESULTS: A total of 217 respondents who received three doses of vaccine participated in the study. Of the 651 vaccine doses studied, the results showed that there were significant differences in the degree of AEFI between the three types of vaccine platforms. The degree of AEFI was significantly different (p < 0.05) between each type of vaccine platform, with the degree of AEFI starting from the lowest, namely inactivated vaccine, then viral vector vaccine and the highest was nucleic acid vaccine.
CONCLUSION: The degree of AEFI differs significantly between each COVID-19 vaccine platform. The degree of AEFI, from the mildest to the most severe, was inactivated vaccine, viral vector vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. No serious AEFI was reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Surveillance
Fulltext Health-care provider screening for tobacco smoking and advice to quit - 17 countries, 2008-2011

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2013 Nov 22;62(46):920-7.
PMID: 24257201

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable mortality in the world. Article 14 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) states that countries should promote cessation of tobacco use and adequate treatment for tobacco dependence. Health-care providers asking all patients about their tobacco use and advising tobacco users to quit are evidence-based strategies that increase tobacco abstinence. This report examines the proportion of tobacco smokers in 17 countries responding to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) who saw a health-care provider in the past year and who reported that a health-care provider asked them about smoking and advised them to quit. Respondents were tobacco smokers aged ≥15 years surveyed during 2008-2011 in Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam. The proportion of smokers who had visited a health-care provider during the previous 12 months ranged from 21.6% in Egypt to 62.3% in Poland. Among these, the proportion reporting that a health-care provider asked if they smoked ranged from 34.9% in Vietnam to 82.1% in Romania. Among those screened for tobacco use, those who reported their health-care providers advised them to quit ranged from 17.3% in Mexico to 67.3% in Romania. In most countries, persons aged ≥45 years were more likely to report being screened and advised to quit than were persons aged ≤24 years. Health-care providers should identify smokers and provide advice and assistance in quitting at each visit as an adjunct to effective community interventions (e.g., increased price of tobacco products; smoke-free policies, mass media campaigns, and tobacco quitlines).
Study name: Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS-2011)

Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population/statistics & numerical data; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Factors influencing dyspepsia-related consultation: differences between a rural and an urban population

Mahadeva S, Yadav H, Everett SM, Goh KL

Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2011 Sep;23(9):846-53.
PMID: 21740483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01746.x

BACKGROUND:
Dyspepsia is a common, chronic condition but medical consultation rates for symptoms remain variable. We aimed to examine two populations with varied health-care provision to determine predictive factors for dyspepsia-related consultation.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional, population-based study in both an urban and a rural community within a single Asian country was conducted. Details on dyspepsia-related consultation rates over a fixed period and independent factors influencing them were identified.

KEY RESULTS:
A total of 4039/5370 (75.2%) adults from representative rural and urban areas in this country agreed to participate in the study. Although mean ages of respondents were similar (40.4years), the demographics of both populations varied in terms of gender (62.7% female, rural vs 55.7% female, urban, P<0.0001), marital status (75.4% rural vs 70.5% urban, P=0.002), ethnicity, (79% Malay rural vs 45.3% Malays urban, P<0.0001) and socio-economic status (professional occupation 7.1% rural vs 47.3% urban, P<0.0001). Dyspepsia-related consultation rates were found to be higher among rural compared to urban adults (41.4%vs 28.7%, P<0.0001). Over-the-counter medication consumption was higher among urban compared to rural dyspepsia sufferers (n=157 vs n=35, P<0.0001). Following logistic regression, rural population (OR 3.14, 95% CI=1.65-6.0), low quality of life (OR 1.90, 95% CI=1.17-3.10), and self-medication (OR 0.40, 95% CI=0.25-0.62) were found to independently predict dyspepsia-related consultation.

CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES:
Dyspepsia-related consultation varied significantly between urban and rural communities. Factors within the rural population, self-medication practices, and a low quality of life independently influenced dyspepsia-related consultation.

Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population*; Urban Population*
A novel mechanism measurement of predator interference in predator-prey models

Alebraheem J, Abu-Hassan Y

J Math Biol, 2023 Apr 27;86(5):84.
PMID: 37103566 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01914-8

A characteristic of ecosystems is the existence of manifold of independencies which are highly complex. Various mathematical models have made considerable contributions in gaining a better understanding of the predator-prey interactions. The main components of any predator-prey models are, firstly, how the different population classes grow and secondly, how the prey and predator interacts. In this paper, the two populations' growth rates obey the logistic law and the carrying capacity of the predator depends on the available number of prey are considered. Our aim is to clarify the relationship between models and Holling types functional and numerical responses in order to gain insights into predator interferences and to answer an important question how competition is carried out. We consider a predator-prey model and a two-predator one-prey model to explain the idea. The novel approach is explained for the mechanism measurement of predator interference through depending on numerical response. Our approach gives good correspondence between an important real data and computer simulations.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
The impact of hypertension education on self-care management in hypertensive patients in Senderak village health centre

Anggreini SN, Said FM, Ayudytha Ezdha AU, Filri DE, Wahyuni F, Ovari I

J Pak Med Assoc, 2024 May;74(5 (Supple-5)):S27-S30.
PMID: 39221794 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.Ind-RInC-08

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of hypertension education on self-care management in hypertensive patients in a rural setting.
METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in January and February 2022 at the Senderak Village Health Centre, Bengkalis, Indonesia, and comprised hypertension patients without any complications referred to the community health centre between August 2021 and January 2022. The subjects underwent self-care education intervention. The knowledge level was assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Hypertension Self-Management Behaviour Questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic v23 software.
RESULTS: All the 30(100%) patients were females, 12(40%) were aged 46-55 years, 20(66.7%) had received elementary school education and 25(83.3%) were housewives. There were 21(70%) respondents with stage II hypertension having systolic blood pressure ≥160mmHg. The mean level of knowledge about self-care management of hypertension increased significantly post-intervention (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Health education could improve knowledge on self-care management of hypertension in hypertensive patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
Fulltext A blood pressure profile of rural Kadazans and Bajaus in Sabah, east Malaysia

Gan CY, Chan MK

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993 Sep;24(3):583-9.
PMID: 8160073

A survey was conducted to document the blood pressures of two indigenous groups (Kadazans and Bajaus) who reside in rural Sabah in East Malaysia. Their health knowledge status is also recorded. Fifty percent of those surveyed were unable to associate high blood pressure with a risk factor and as high as 38% were unaware of the consequences of high blood pressure. A total of 16.2% had blood pressures > or = 140/or 90mm Hg while 3.9% had blood pressures > or = 160/or 95mm Hg. While these figures are low compared to those of developed countries, lifestyle changes associated with rapid urbanization in Malaysia may be expected to increase hypertension prevalence. The strengthening of health education programs is timely as health knowledge is limited and many hypertensives default treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Surveillance*; Rural Population*
Fulltext Breeding of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in urban housing of Sibu town, Sarawak

Chang MS, Jute N

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1994 Sep;25(3):543-8.
PMID: 7777923

An Aedes survey using various larval survey methods was conducted in 12 urban housing areas and 29 vacant lands in Sibu town proper. Aedes albopictus larvae were found in all areas surveyed while Aedes aegypti larvae were present in 10 localities and 4 vacant lands. There were no significant difference in the house index, breteau and larval density index of these two Aedes (Stegomyia) species from the survey areas. The proportion of containers positive with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in area outside the house compound and near the house fencing were 3.2 times higher than outdoor compound. The indoor/outdoor breeding ratio for Ae. aegypti alone is 1.6:1. The most preferred breeding habitats outdoor were plastic cups and used tires while indoor habitats were ant traps and flower vases. In the vacant lands, the average number of larvae per containers was significantly higher than in houses and over 51% of the containers inspected were positive. Shared breeding between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae accounted for 9% in house surveys and 4.5% in vacant land survey. The use of various methods in Aedes larval survey may provide essential information in the study of vector epidemiology in dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population
Fulltext Anopheline mosquitos of northwest coastal Malaysia

Jaal Z, MacDonald WW

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1992 Sep;23(3):479-85.
PMID: 1488703

Collections of adult anopheline mosquitos were made from a cow-baited trap in nine coastal villages located along nearly 160km of northwest peninsular Malaysia. Two collections, separated by 1.5 to 6 months, were made at each site. Nearly 6,000 anophelines of 19 species were collected. The dominant species were Anopheles peditaeniatus. An. sinensis, An. subpictus and An. lesteri paraliae. Small numbers of the malaria vectors An. maculatus (at one site) and An. campestris (at four sites) were collected, but no An. sundaicus were recorded.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Density
Fulltext Making the invisible visible: Developing and evaluating an intervention to raise awareness and reduce lead exposure among children and their caregivers in rural Bangladesh

Jahir T, Pitchik HO, Rahman M, Sultana J, Shoab AKM, Nurul Huda TM, et al.

Environ Res, 2021 Aug;199:111292.
PMID: 33971132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111292

Lead exposure is harmful at any time in life, but pre-natal and early childhood exposures are particularly detrimental to cognitive development. In Bangladesh, multiple household-level lead exposures pose risks, including turmeric adulterated with lead chromate and food storage in lead-soldered cans. We developed and evaluated an intervention to reduce lead exposure among children and their caregivers in rural Bangladesh. We conducted formative research to inform theory-based behavioral recommendations. Lead exposure was one of several topics covered in the multi-component intervention focused on early child development. Community health workers (CHWs) delivered the lead component of the intervention during group sessions with pregnant women and mother-child dyads (<15 months old) in a cluster-randomized trial. We administered household surveys at baseline (control n = 301; intervention n = 320) and 9 months later at endline (control n = 279; intervention n = 239) and calculated adjusted risk and mean differences for primary outcomes. We conducted two qualitative assessments, one after 3 months and a second after 9 months, to examine the feasibility and benefits of the intervention. At endline, the prevalence of lead awareness was 52 percentage points higher in the intervention arm compared to the control (adjusted risk difference: 0.52 [95% CI 0.46 to 0.61]). Safe turmeric consumption and food storage practices were more common in the intervention versus control arm at endline, with adjusted risk differences of 0.22 [0.10 to 0.32] and 0.13 [0.00 to 0.19], respectively. Semi-structured interviews conducted with a subset of participants after the intervention revealed that the perceived benefit of reducing lead exposure was high because of the long-term negative impacts that lead can have on child cognitive development. The study demonstrates that a group-based CHW-led intervention can effectively raise awareness about and motivate lead exposure prevention behaviors in rural Bangladesh. Future efforts should combine similar awareness-raising efforts with longer-term regulatory and structural changes to systematically and sustainably reduce lead exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
Correspondence regarding 'Clouded leopards, the secretive top-carnivore of South-East Asian rainforests: their distribution, status and conservation needs in Sabah, Malaysia'

Gordon CH, Stewart AM, Meijaard E

BMC Ecol, 2007;7:5; author reply 5.
PMID: 17605794
Matched MeSH terms: Population Density
Clouded leopards, the secretive top-carnivore of South-East Asian rainforests: their distribution, status and conservation needs in Sabah, Malaysia

Wilting A, Fischer F, Abu Bakar S, Linsenmair KE

BMC Ecol, 2006;6:16.
PMID: 17092347

The continued depletion of tropical rainforests and fragmentation of natural habitats has led to significant ecological changes which place most top carnivores under heavy pressure. Various methods have been used to determine the status of top carnivore populations in rainforest habitats, most of which are costly in terms of equipment and time. In this study we utilized, for the first time, a rigorous track classification method to estimate population size and density of clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) in Tabin Wildlife Reserve in north-eastern Borneo (Sabah). Additionally, we extrapolated our local-scale results to the regional landscape level to estimate clouded leopard population size and density in all of Sabah's reserves, taking into account the reserves' conservation status (totally protected or commercial forest reserves), their size and presence or absence of clouded leopards.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Density
Waste management practices in developing countries: a socio-economic perspective

Jagun ZT, Daud D, Ajayi OM, Samsudin S, Jubril AJ, Rahman MSA

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Nov;30(55):116644-116655.
PMID: 35867301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21990-5

Growing populations, expanding economies, industrialisation, and urbanisation pose a problem for waste management in developing countries. Their waste management methods, on the other hand, are not as efficient as they could be. Most developing countries' current waste management practices do not fully conform to developed countries' best practices for meeting socioeconomic goals. As a result, the importance of waste management in developing countries has grown in recent years. In order to highlight the socioeconomic perspectives of waste management practices, the present study examines the existing literature, policies, information, and records on waste management in developing nations. The findings indicate that essential socioeconomic factors such as finances, population density, per capita income, education level, policies, and technology have a significant impact on waste management, which encompasses waste generation, collection, composition, and disposal/treatment. Nonetheless, waste management has a number of economic benefits, including financial stability, job creation, and community cohesion. This study will inspire further research on the need for developing nations to consider the socioeconomic benefits of proper waste management and to develop a policy plan to achieve these benefits.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups
Fulltext A planetary health model for reducing exposure to faecal contamination in urban informal settlements: Baseline findings from Makassar, Indonesia

French MA, Fiona Barker S, Taruc RR, Ansariadi A, Duffy GA, Saifuddaolah M, et al.

Environ Int, 2021 10;155:106679.
PMID: 34126296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106679

BACKGROUND: The intense interactions between people, animals and environmental systems in urban informal settlements compromise human and environmental health. Inadequate water and sanitation services, compounded by exposure to flooding and climate change risks, expose inhabitants to environmental contamination causing poor health and wellbeing and degrading ecosystems. However, the exact nature and full scope of risks and exposure pathways between human health and the environment in informal settlements are uncertain. Existing models are limited to microbiological linkages related to faecal-oral exposures at the individual level, and do not account for a broader range of human-environmental variables and interactions that affect population health and wellbeing.
METHODS: We undertook a 12-month health and environmental assessment in 12 flood-prone informal settlements in Makassar, Indonesia. We obtained caregiver-reported health data, anthropometric measurements, stool and blood samples from children

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population
Parasitic infections among aborigine children at Post Brooke, Kelantan, Malaysia

Rahmah N, Ariff RH, Abdullah B, Shariman MS, Nazli MZ, Rizal MZ

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Dec;52(4):412-5.
PMID: 10968120

This study investigated the prevalence of parasitic infections among aborigine children at Post Brooke, Kelantan. Eighty-four formalin-fixed specimens and 78 PVA-fixed specimens were obtained. 79.8% and 35.9% of the samples were positive for helminth ova and protozoa respectively. The parasites detected (single plus mixed infections) were A. lumbricoides (50/84, 59.5%), T. trichiura (35/84, 41.7%), hookworm (5/84, 6.0%), S stercoralis (1/84, 1.2%), G. intestinalis (18/78, 23.1%), E. histolytica (7/78, 9.0%) and E. coli (7/78, 9.0%). Two hundred thick blood film examinations detected only one case of Plasmodium falciparum infection. A high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the children at Post Brooke was demonstrated in this study; thus there is an urgent need to improve the hygiene, education and living standards of this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext Iodine deficiency status and iodised salt consumption in Malaysia: findings from a national iodine deficiency disorders survey

Selamat R, Mohamud WN, Zainuddin AA, Rahim NS, Ghaffar SA, Aris T

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2010;19(4):578-85.
PMID: 21147721

A nationwide cross-sectional school-based survey was undertaken among children aged 8-10 years old to determine the current iodine deficiency status in the country. Determination of urinary iodine (UI) and palpation of the thyroid gland were carried out among 18,012 and 18,078 children respectively while iodine test of the salt samples was done using Rapid Test Kits and the iodometric method. The results showed that based on WHO/ ICCIDD/UNICEF criteria, the national median UI was 109 μg/L [25th, 75th percentile (67, 166)] showing borderline adequacy. The overall national prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) with UI<100 μg/L was 48.2% (95% CI: 46.0, 50.4), higher among children residing in rural areas than in urban areas. The highest prevalence of UI<100 μg/L was noted among the aborigines [(81.4% (95% CI: 75.1, 86.4)]. The national total goitre rate (grade 1 and grade 2 goitre) was 2.1%. Of 17,888 salt samples brought by the school children, 28.2% (95% CI: 26.4, 30.2) were found to have iodine content. However, the overall proportion of the households in Malaysia using adequately iodised salt as recommended by Malaysian Food Act 1983 of 20-30 ppm was only 6.8% (95% CI: 5.1, 9.0). In conclusion, although a goitre endemic was not present in Malaysia, almost half of the states in Peninsular Malaysia still have large proportion of UI level <100 μg/L and warrant immediate action. The findings of this survey suggest that there is a need for review on the current approach of the national IDD prevention and control programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population/statistics & numerical data; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Landscape-level human disturbance results in loss and contraction of mammalian populations in tropical forests

Greco I, Beaudrot L, Sutherland C, Tenan S, Hsieh C, Gorczynski D, et al.

PLoS Biol, 2025 Feb;23(2):e3002976.
PMID: 39946310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002976

Tropical forests hold most of Earth's biodiversity and a higher concentration of threatened mammals than other biomes. As a result, some mammal species persist almost exclusively in protected areas, often within extensively transformed and heavily populated landscapes. Other species depend on remaining remote forested areas with sparse human populations. However, it remains unclear how mammalian communities in tropical forests respond to anthropogenic pressures in the broader landscape in which they are embedded. As governments commit to increasing the extent of global protected areas to prevent further biodiversity loss, identifying the landscape-level conditions supporting wildlife has become essential. Here, we assessed the relationship between mammal communities and anthropogenic threats in the broader landscape. We simultaneously modeled species richness and community occupancy as complementary metrics of community structure, using a state-of-the-art community model parameterized with a standardized pan-tropical data set of 239 mammal species from 37 forests across 3 continents. Forest loss and fragmentation within a 50-km buffer were associated with reduced occupancy in monitored communities, while species richness was unaffected by them. In contrast, landscape-scale human density was associated with reduced mammal richness but not occupancy, suggesting that sensitive species have been extirpated, while remaining taxa are relatively unaffected. Taken together, these results provide evidence of extinction filtering within tropical forests triggered by anthropogenic pressure occurring in the broader landscape. Therefore, existing and new reserves may not achieve the desired biodiversity outcomes without concurrent investment in addressing landscape-scale threats.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
Fulltext A model for the noninvasive, habitat-inclusive estimation of upper limit abundance for synanthropes, exemplified by M. fascicularis

Koch Liston AL, Zhu X, Bang TV, Phiapalath P, Hun S, Ahmed T, et al.

Sci Adv, 2024 May 24;10(21):eadn5390.
PMID: 38787941 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5390

Accurately estimating population sizes for free-ranging animals through noninvasive methods, such as camera trap images, remains particularly limited by small datasets. To overcome this, we developed a flexible model for estimating upper limit populations and exemplified it by studying a group-living synanthrope, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Habitat preference maps, based on environmental and GPS data, were generated with a maximum entropy model and combined with data obtained from camera traps, line transect distance sampling, and direct sightings to produce an expected number of individuals. The mapping between habitat preference and number of individuals was optimized through a tunable parameter ρ (inquisitiveness) that accounts for repeated observations of individuals. Benchmarking against published data highlights the high accuracy of the model. Overall, this approach combines citizen science with scientific observations and reveals the long-tailed macaque populations to be (up to 80%) smaller than expected. The model's flexibility makes it suitable for many species, providing a scalable, noninvasive tool for wildlife conservation.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Density
Fulltext A national study on the prevalence of obesity among 16,127 Malaysians

Rampal L, Rampal S, Khor GL, Zain AM, Ooyub SB, Rahmat RB, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2007;16(3):561-6.
PMID: 17704038

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of Malaysia with the aim to determine the prevalence of obesity among Malaysians aged fifteen years and above and factors associated. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used. Trained interviewers using a standardized protocol obtained the weight and height measurements and other relevant information. Subjects with a body mass index >= 30 kg/m2 were labelled as obese. The results show that the overall national prevalence of obesity among Malaysians aged 15 years old and above was 11.7% (95% CI = 11.1 - 12.4%). The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in females (13.8%) as compared to 9.6% in males (p< 0.0001). Prevalence of obesity was highest amongst the Malays (13.6%) and Indians (13.5%) followed by the indigenous group of "Sarawak Bumiputra" (10.8%) and the Chinese (8.5%). The indigenous group of "Sabah Bumiputra" had the lowest prevalence of 7.3%. These differences are statistically significant (p< 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis results show that there was a significant association between obesity and age, gender, ethnicity urban/rural status and smoking status. The prevalence of obesity amongst those aged >= 18 years old has markedly increased by 280% since the last National Health and Morbidity Survey in 1996.
Study name: National study on Cardio-Vascular Disease Risk Factors 2004

Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population/statistics & numerical data; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Temporal associations between microclimate, adult Aedes mosquito indices, and dengue cases at the residence level in Malaysia: Implications for targeted interventions

Mohd Hardy Abdullah NA, Dom NC, Pradhan B, Salleh SA, Dapari R

PLoS One, 2025;20(2):e0316564.
PMID: 39899560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316564

INTRODUCTION: Dengue continues to be a major public health concern in Malaysia, as evidenced by the significant surge in cumulative dengue case numbers and deaths in 2023 compared to the previous year. While previous studies have explored the interplay of abiotic and biotic factors of mosquito density and dengue cases on a local scale in Malaysia, there is a notable gap in the research focusing on adult Aedes mosquito populations.
AIMS: This study aims to contribute to the existing knowledge by investigating the association and time lags (TLs) between daily microclimate (DM), mosquito indices (MIs), and dengue cases at the residence level.
METHODS: In this longitudinal study, field data were collected over 26 weeks using data loggers, gravid oviposit sticky (GOS) traps, and non-structural 1 (NS1) test kits in both non-dengue hotspot (NDH) and dengue hotspots (DH). The collected data encompassed DM variables, vegetation cover (VC), MIs, and number of dengue cases. An autocorrelation analysis was conducted to determine the TLs between MIs and their preceding values, while a cross-correlation analysis revealed the TLs between MIs and DM variables.
RESULTS: The study indicated there are positive correlations between the adult index (AI) of Ae. albopictus, their preceding values and rainfall at an NDH. Conversely, the AIs of total Aedes at the DH exhibited positive correlations with their preceding values, temperature, rainfall, and maximum relative humidity (RH), but negative correlations with the mean and maximum RH. The dengue-positive trap index (DPTI) of total Aedes at DHs demonstrated positive associations with their preceding values, mean temperature, minimum temperature, maximum RH, and rainfall, with negative correlations observed for the maximum temperature, mean RH, and minimum RH. Similar trends were identified for the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus at DHs. The association between dengue cases, DM, and MIs was inconclusive due to underreported cases.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted the DM and TLs of dengue virus-infected and non-infected adult female Aedes mosquitoes using onsite data collection. Furthermore, this study presents a replicable methodology that can be adopted by researchers worldwide for investigating the dynamics of dengue transmission in similar settings. The findings offer valuable insights for decision-makers, providing them with evidence-based information to implement targeted interventions and strategies aimed at controlling Aedes mosquito populations and mitigating the spread of dengue virus infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Density
Fulltext Chromosome-level reference genome assembly of the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) and population genomics offer insights into the falcon population in Mongolia

Al-Ajli FO, Formenti G, Fedrigo O, Tracey A, Sims Y, Howe K, et al.

Sci Rep, 2025 Feb 04;15(1):4154.
PMID: 39900672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88216-9

The taxonomic classification of a falcon population found in the Mongolian Altai region in Asia has been heavily debated for two centuries and previous studies have been inconclusive, hindering a more informed conservation approach. Here, we generated a chromosome-level gyrfalcon reference genome using the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) assembly pipeline. Using whole genome sequences of 49 falcons from different species and populations, including "Altai" falcons, we analyzed their population structure, admixture patterns, and demographic history. We find that the Altai falcons are genomic mosaics of saker and gyrfalcon ancestries, and carry distinct W and mitochondrial haplotypes that cluster with the lanner falcon. The Altai maternally-inherited haplotypes diverged 422,000 years before present (290,000-550,000 YBP) from the ancestor of sakers and gyrfalcons, both of which, in turn, split 109,000 YBP (70,000-150,000 YBP). The Altai W chromosome has 31 coding variants in 29 genes that may possibly influence important structural, behavioral, and reproductive traits. These findings provide insights into the question of Altai falcons as a candidate distinct species.

Matched MeSH terms: Genetics, Population

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