Citation: The first annual report of the National Eye Database 2007. Goh PP, Hussein E, Mustari Z, Ismail M, editors. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; 2008
The records of 141 consecutive patients with proven tuberculosis (TB) were reviewed to examine for changes in their serum proteins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and tuberculin skin test reactivity. Hypoalbuminaemia was present in 73% of patients and hyperglobulinaemia was seen in 92% of patients. ESR showed a negative correlation with the serum albumin level but a positive correlation with the serum globulin level. In the case of pulmonary TB, ESR was higher in patients with radiologically more extensive disease. Tuberculin reactivity was reduced in patients who were older, those with more severe hypoalbuminaemia and those with disseminated TB. KEYWORDS: Albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, globulin, tuberculin reactivity, tuberculosis
Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate. Their main pharmacological effect is to iuhibit bone resorption by a variety of mechanisms, not all of which are clearly understood. The activity of the bisphosphonates varies depending on the compound. In clinical trials, they have been shown to stop postmenopausal bone loss and increase bone density, with a concomitant reduction in fracture rate with some agents. This article reviews the currently known mechanisms of action of the bisphosphonates and the evidence that they are useful in the treatment of osteoporosis.
The concept of primary health care (PHC) according to WHO has been implemented in Malaysia since 1978. The rural health centres which provide the primary health care have developed from about 47 in 1970 to about 772 in 1998. Since the implementation of the health centres there has been significant reduction in morbidity and mortality rates. However due to the emerging issues like changing demographic 'patterns, changing pattern of disease, and increasing demand from the public, the delivery of PHC is being reviewed. Newer programmes and review of the older programmes are being done to address the provision of PHC in the 21st century. The functions and roles of the existing staff in the health centres are being reviewed. This new concept is known as expanded scope of primary health care. The purpose of this paper is to explain the achievements in primary health care and the components of primary health care in the expanded scope.
Improving upon the quality of teaching by teaching staff at all educational institutions is oil very significant objective. Eva luation of teaching performed by individuals at such institutions would be instrumental in assessing the quality of such teaching and a tool towards its improvement. In this article, one scheme for teaching evaluation by students and another by peers are proposed and discussed. Assessment by students may provide contrasting results to those obtained from peers. For a "just and fair'" overalJ assessment of one's teaching., it is recommended that students' evaluation would be combined with those of peers. Results of such an evaluation of teaching should be perceived as being valuable in providing feedback to the teacher and can be utilized for many purposes by academicians and administrators. KEYlVORDS: Academia, classroom teaching., evaluation by peers, evaluation by students, proposed schemes.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause that occurs in the peripartum period in previously healthy women and this article discusses the challenges that lie in diagnosing and managing this rare yet lethal disease. KEYWORDS: Peripartum, cardiomyopathy, pregnancy, cardiac failure
Citation: Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2012-2016. Putrajaya: National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2019.
Older versions:
1. Lim GCC, Yahaya H, Lim TO. The first report of the National Cancer Registry-cancer incidence in Malaysia 2002. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2003.
http://www.crc.gov.my/documents/report/1st%20National%20Cancer%20Registry.pdf
2. Lim GCC, Yahaya H. Second report of the National Cancer Registry-cancer incidence in Malaysia 2003. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2004.
http://www.crc.gov.my/documents/report/2nd%20National%20Cancer%20Registry.pdf
3. Zainal Ariffin O, Nor Saleha IT. National Cancer Registry Report 2007. Putrajaya: National Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2011.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/0pnx95wpi96rz51/MOH2011_National%20Cancer%20Registry%202007.pdf?dl=0
4. Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2007-2011. Putrajaya: National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2016.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pCsJIw0ysFccCMFA0XqzfbYu1OFDRbO_/view
This study examines the sustainable transport policy framework in the case of railway development in Klang Valley, Malaysia. It is guided by the main principle that sustainable transport policy is a result of the integration of broad policy instruments that range from infrastructure provision and management, technological improvements, regulation, information, awareness, education, and pricing and taxation. Although this study is mainly qualitative, performance data available at the ASEAN Statistics Division, World Bank Open Data and Global Competitiveness Reports. This is followed by in-person interviews with experts who have vast knowledge, experience, and direct participation in sustainable railway development in Malaysia, especially those related to the Klang Valley development. The main findings have indicated that the current framework in Malaysia meets the criteria of sustainable development policy framework, which are essentially constituted within environmental protection. It also constitutes the pursuance of long-term growth in terms of economic and societal needs. Nonetheless, the rail-based transit system in Malaysia is highly driven by the Government and there is no clear sign indicating that the public is shifting from the road and private transport to rail-based services.
This article is aimed to research and to know the impact of personality, skill, core competent level professional training and transformation strategy as professional practice by the administrator towards teachers’ commitment in secondary school in Sabah. The country needs education system transformation and the school admins are seen to be the vital element in developing a High Performance School in facing the challenge of the 21st century. The research framework is based on the Northhouse Main Leadership Model Trait (2003, 2007), School Leadership Competency IAB (2009), Katz Three Model Skills (1974), Effective Leadership Framework by Strike, Sims, Mann and Whilhite (2016) and Teachers Commitment (Danneta, 2002). Qualitative research design is used with stratified random sampling with 1440 samples from 30 urban secondary schools and 30 rural secondary schools. The instrument used in this research is a set of questionnaire that was set by the researcher based on the observation and literature review. The finding of the research is hoped to give the best innovation strategy to prepare and to produce a highly qualified principal or headmaster to lead the school organization and to ensure the success of the National Education Development Plan (PPPM 2013-2025).
Keywords: leadership, teachers' comitment, national education development plan
Citation: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines for Conducting Research in Ministry of Health (MOH) Institutions and Facilities, Third Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2021
Tourists are attracted to the Bukit Melawati Kuala Selangor (BMKS) of Peninsular Malaysia, a small hill park, for both its status as a historical site and the free-ranging silvered langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus) that come for provisioning. We assessed the population trends and group sizes of T. cristatus over 10 years in the BMKS and examined their ranging patterns. Comparisons of observed populations between 2005 (190 individuals) and 2017 (193 individuals) revealed the stable demography and group sizes of the six T. cristatus groups in the BMKS. Based on a total of 185 location points of the six groups in 2017, their mean ranging area was 3.6 ha with a range of 0.86-6.93 ha with extensive spatial overlap. We also found a significant positive relationship between the six groups' ranges and group sizes in 2017. Additionally, qualitative ecological comparisons with a previous study on T. cristatus in 1965 (before provisioning) suggest that the artificial food supply in the study area could modify the population dynamics and socioecology of T. cristatus. The modifications might alter their range size and territoriality in the BMKS. Overall, we found that provisioning had negative effects on the ecology of T. cristatus in the BMKS. Therefore, modifying management policies, such as banning feeding and implementing educational programs, may contribute to their proper conservation.
Six patients underwent transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using either conventional Gianturco coils or the Amplatzer Ductal Occluder (ADO) device. All patients were females with a median age of 23.3 (range 4 to 26 years). The mean PDA size measured on the lateral aortogram was 3.81mm (range 2.3-5.831nm). Complete closure of the PDA was achieved in all patients. KEYWORDS: Patent ductus arteriosus, transcatheter device closure