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Fulltext Sign language recognition using the fusion of image and hand landmarks through multi-headed convolutional neural network

Pathan RK, Biswas M, Yasmin S, Khandaker MU, Salman M, Youssef AAF

Sci Rep, 2023 Oct 09;13(1):16975.
PMID: 37813932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43852-x

Sign Language Recognition is a breakthrough for communication among deaf-mute society and has been a critical research topic for years. Although some of the previous studies have successfully recognized sign language, it requires many costly instruments including sensors, devices, and high-end processing power. However, such drawbacks can be easily overcome by employing artificial intelligence-based techniques. Since, in this modern era of advanced mobile technology, using a camera to take video or images is much easier, this study demonstrates a cost-effective technique to detect American Sign Language (ASL) using an image dataset. Here, "Finger Spelling, A" dataset has been used, with 24 letters (except j and z as they contain motion). The main reason for using this dataset is that these images have a complex background with different environments and scene colors. Two layers of image processing have been used: in the first layer, images are processed as a whole for training, and in the second layer, the hand landmarks are extracted. A multi-headed convolutional neural network (CNN) model has been proposed and tested with 30% of the dataset to train these two layers. To avoid the overfitting problem, data augmentation and dynamic learning rate reduction have been used. With the proposed model, 98.981% test accuracy has been achieved. It is expected that this study may help to develop an efficient human-machine communication system for a deaf-mute society.
Fulltext Enhancement of the wear resistance and microhardness of aluminum alloy by Nd:YaG laser treatment

Hussein HT, Kadhim A, Al-Amiery AA, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:842062.
PMID: 25136694 DOI: 10.1155/2014/842062

Influence of laser treatment on mechanical properties, wear resistance, and Vickers hardness of aluminum alloy was studied. The specimens were treated by using Nd:YaG laser of energy 780 mj, wavelength 512 nm, and duration time 8 ns. The wear behavior of the specimens was studied for all specimens before and after treatment by Nd:YaG laser and the dry wear experiments were carried out by sing pinon-disc technique. The specimens were machined as a disk with diameter of 25 mm and circular groove in depth of 3 mm. All specimens were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDS), optical microscopy, and Vickers hardness. The results showed that the dry wear rate was decreased after laser hardening and increased Vickers hardness values by ratio of 2.4:1. The results showed that the values of wear rate for samples having circular grooves are less than samples without grooves after laser treatment.
Fulltext New coumarin derivative as an eco-friendly inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in Acid medium

Al-Amiery AA, Al-Majedy YK, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

Molecules, 2014 Dec 29;20(1):366-83.
PMID: 25551187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010366

The anticorrosion ability of a synthesized coumarin, namely 2-(coumarin-4-yloxy)acetohydrazide (EFCI), for mild steel (MS) in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution has been studied using a weight loss method. The effect of temperature on the corrosion rate was investigated, and some thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The results indicated that inhibition efficiencies were enhanced with an increase in concentration of inhibitor and decreased with a rise in temperature. The IE value reaches 94.7% at the highest used concentration of the new eco-friendly inhibitor. The adsorption of inhibitor on MS surface was found to obey a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on inhibited and uninhibited mild steel samples to characterize the surface. The Density Function theory (DFT) was employed for quantum-chemical calculations such as EHOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy) and μ (dipole moment), and the obtained results were found to be consistent with the experimental findings. The synthesized inhibitor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies.
Fulltext Inhibition effects of a synthesized novel 4-aminoantipyrine derivative on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution together with quantum chemical studies

Junaedi S, Al-Amiery AA, Kadihum A, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

Int J Mol Sci, 2013 Jun 04;14(6):11915-28.
PMID: 23736696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611915

1,5-Dimethyl-4-((2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (DMPO) was synthesized to be evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitory effects of DMPO on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM). The results showed that DMPO inhibited mild steel corrosion in acid solution and indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. Changes in the impedance parameters suggested an adsorption of DMPO onto the mild steel surface, leading to the formation of protective films. The novel synthesized corrosion inhibitor was characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR and NMR spectral analyses. Electronic properties such as highest occupied molecular orbital energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO and ELUMO, respectively) and dipole moment (μ) were calculated and discussed. The results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the EHOMO values but with a decrease in the ELUMO value.
Fulltext Comparison of myofibrillar protein degradation, antioxidant profile, fatty acids, metmyoglobin reducing activity, physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of gluteus medius and infraspinatus muscles in goats

Adeyemi KD, Shittu RM, Sabow AB, Abubakar AA, Karim R, Karsani SA, et al.

J Anim Sci Technol, 2016;58:23.
PMID: 27307997 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0105-5

BACKGROUND: The functionality of myofibrillar proteins is a major factor influencing the quality attributes of muscle foods. Nonetheless, the relationships between muscle type and oxidative changes in chevon during ageing are meagrely elucidated. Postmortem changes in antioxidant status and physicochemical properties of glycolytic gluteus medius (GM) and oxidative infraspinatus (IS) muscles in goats were compared.
METHODS: Twenty Boer bucks (9-10 months old, body weight of 36.9 ± 0.725 kg) were slaughtered and the carcasses were subjected to chill storage (4 ± 0.5 °C). Analyses were conducted on GM and IS muscles sampled on 0, 1, 4 and 7 d postmortem.
RESULTS: Chill storage did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities in both muscles. The IS had greater (P 0.05) on free thiol, MRA and TBARS. The GM had lower (P 0.05) on consumer preference for flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability. However, IS had higher (P
Fulltext Antioxidant Activities of 4-Methylumbelliferone Derivatives

Al-Majedy YK, Al-Amiery AA, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0156625.
PMID: 27243231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156625

The synthesis of derivatives of 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MUs), which are structurally interesting antioxidants, was performed in this study. The modification of 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) by different reaction steps was performed to yield the target compounds, the 4-MUs. The 4-MUs were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared; FT-IR and Nuclear magnetic resonance; NMR) and micro-elemental analysis (CHNS). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the 4-MUs was evaluated in terms of their free radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity assay, chelating activity and their (FRAP) ferric-reducing antioxidant power, which were compared with a standard antioxidant. Our results reveal that the 4-MUs exhibit excellent radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant mechanisms of the 4-MUs were also studied. Density Function Theory (DFT)-based quantum chemical studies were performed with the basis set at 3-21G. Molecular models of the synthesized compounds were studied to understand the antioxidant activity. The electron levels, namely HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), for these synthesized antioxidants were also studied.
Predominance of the ST143 and ST50 Leptospira clones in the urban rat populations of Peninsular Malaysia

Benacer D, Mohd Zain SN, Ahmed AA, Mohd Khalid MKN, Hartskeerl RA, Thong KL

J Med Microbiol, 2016 Jun;65(6):574-577.
PMID: 27058766 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000262
Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid

Al-Amiery AA, Binti Kassim FA, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

Sci Rep, 2016 Jan 22;6:19890.
PMID: 26795066 DOI: 10.1038/srep19890

The acid corrosion inhibition process of mild steel in 1 M HCl by azelaic acid dihydrazide has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM). Azelaic acid dihydrazide was synthesized, and its chemical structure was elucidated and confirmed using spectroscopic techniques (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy). Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that azelaic acid dihydrazide is a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with increased inhibitor concentration and reaches its maximum of 93% at 5 × 10(-3) M. The adsorption of the inhibitor on a mild steel surface obeys Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The effect of te perature on corrosion behavior in the presence of 5 × 10(-3) M inhibitor was studied in the temperature range of 30-60 °C. The results indicated that inhibition efficiencies were enhanced with an increase in concentration of inhibitor and decreased with a rise in temperature. To inspect the surface morphology of inhibitor film on the mild steel surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used before and after immersion in 1.0 M HCl.
Fulltext Properties and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Halloysite Nanotubes and Their Nanocomposites

Gaaz TS, Sulong AB, Akhtar MN, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB, Al-Amiery AA

Molecules, 2015;20(12):22833-47.
PMID: 26703542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219884

The aim of this review was to analyze/investigate the synthesis, properties, and applications of polyvinyl alcohol-halloysite nanotubes (PVA-HNT), and their nanocomposites. Different polymers with versatile properties are attractive because of their introduction and potential uses in many fields. Synthetic polymers, such as PVA, natural polymers like alginate, starch, chitosan, or any material with these components have prominent status as important and degradable materials with biocompatibility properties. These materials have been developed in the 1980s and are remarkable because of their recyclability and consideration of the natural continuation of their physical and chemical properties. The fabrication of PVA-HNT nanocomposites can be a potential way to address some of PVA's limitations. Such nanocomposites have excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. PVA-HNT nanocomposites have been reported earlier, but without proper HNT individualization and PVA modifications. The properties of PVA-HNT for medicinal and biomedical use are attracting an increasing amount of attention for medical applications, such as wound dressings, drug delivery, targeted-tissue transportation systems, and soft biomaterial implants. The demand for alternative polymeric medical devices has also increased substantially around the world. This paper reviews individualized HNT addition along with crosslinking of PVA for various biomedical applications that have been previously reported in literature, thereby showing the attainability, modification of characteristics, and goals underlying the blending process with PVA.
Fulltext Photostabilizing Efficiency of PVC in the Presence of Schiff Bases as Photostabilizers

Yousif E, Al-Amiery AA, Kadihum A, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

Molecules, 2015 Nov 04;20(11):19886-99.
PMID: 26556323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119665

The photostabilization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by Schiff bases was investigated. Polyvinyl chloride films containing 0.5 wt % Schiff bases were produced using the same casting method as that used for additive-free PVC films from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PVC with irradiation time were also monitored using THF as a solvent. The quantum yield of chain scission (Φcs) for the studied complexes in PVC was estimated to range between 4.72 and 8.99 × 10(-8). According to the experimental results, several mechanisms were suggested, depending on the structure of the additive. Ultra violet (UV) absorption, peroxide decomposition and radical scavenging were suggested as the photostabilizing mechanisms.
Fulltext Novel macromolecules derived from coumarin: synthesis and antioxidant activity

Al-Amiery AA, Al-Majedy YK, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

Sci Rep, 2015;5:11825.
PMID: 26134661 DOI: 10.1038/srep11825

The rational design of 4-hydroxycoumarins with tailor-made antioxidant activities is required nowadays due to the wide variety of pharmacologically significant, structurally interesting of coumarins and researcher orientation toward green chemistry and natural products. A simple and unique coumarins have been achieved by reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin with aromatic aldehyde accompanied with the creation of a macromolecules have 2-aminothiazolidin-4-one. The molecular structures of the compounds were characterized by the Fourier transformation infrared and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, in addition to CHN analysis. The scavenging abilities of new compounds against stable DPPH radical (DPPH•) and hydrogen peroxide were done and the results show that the compounds exhibited high antioxidant activates.
Fulltext Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity of Novel Coumarins Synthesized Using Different Approaches

Al-Amiery AA, Al-Majedy YK, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB

PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0132175.
PMID: 26147722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132175

New derivatives of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin were synthesized using a chemical method and a microwave-assisted method to compare the feasibility, reaction times, and yields of the product. The newly synthesized coumarins were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and NMR) and micro-elemental analysis (CHNS). In vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated against hydrogen peroxide and were compared with standard natural antioxidant, vitamin C. Our results reveal that these compounds exhibit excellent radical scavenging activities.
Fulltext Evaluating the Applications of Dendritic Neuron Model with Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for Crude-Oil-Production Forecasting

Al-Qaness MAA, Ewees AA, Abualigah L, AlRassas AM, Thanh HV, Abd Elaziz M

Entropy (Basel), 2022 Nov 17;24(11).
PMID: 36421530 DOI: 10.3390/e24111674

The forecasting and prediction of crude oil are necessary in enabling governments to compile their economic plans. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been widely used in different forecasting and prediction applications, including in the oil industry. The dendritic neural regression (DNR) model is an ANNs that has showed promising performance in time-series prediction. The DNR has the capability to deal with the nonlinear characteristics of historical data for time-series forecasting applications. However, it faces certain limitations in training and configuring its parameters. To this end, we utilized the power of metaheuristic optimization algorithms to boost the training process and optimize its parameters. A comprehensive evaluation is presented in this study with six MH optimization algorithms used for this purpose: whale optimization algorithm (WOA), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), sine-cosine algorithm (SCA), differential evolution (DE), and harmony search algorithm (HS). We used oil-production datasets for historical records of crude oil production from seven real-world oilfields (from Tahe oilfields, in China), provided by a local partner. Extensive evaluation experiments were carried out using several performance measures to study the validity of the DNR with MH optimization methods in time-series applications. The findings of this study have confirmed the applicability of MH with DNR. The applications of MH methods improved the performance of the original DNR. We also concluded that the PSO and WOA achieved the best performance compared with other methods.
Fulltext Reduction of Radar Cross Section by Adopting Symmetrical Coding Metamaterial Design for Terahertz Frequency Applications

Ramachandran T, Faruque MRI, Singh MSJ, Khandaker MU, Salman M, Youssef AAF

Materials (Basel), 2023 Jan 23;16(3).
PMID: 36770037 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031030

This work focused on the novel and compact 1-bit symmetrical coding-based metamaterial for radar cross section reduction in terahertz frequencies. A couple of coding particles were constructed to impersonate the elements '0' and '1', which have phase differences of 180°. All the analytical simulations were performed by adopting Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio 2019 software. Moreover, the transmission coefficient of the element '1' was examined as well by adopting similar software and validated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Meanwhile, the frequency range from 0 to 3 THz was set in this work. The phase response properties of each element were examined before constructing various coding metamaterial designs in smaller and bigger lattices. The proposed unit cells exhibit phase responses at 0.84 THz and 1.54 THz, respectively. Meanwhile, the analysis of various coding sequences was carried out and they manifest interesting monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) reduction performances. The Coding Sequence 2 manifests the best bistatic RCS reduction values in smaller lattices, which reduced from -69.8 dBm2 to -65.5 dBm2 at 1.54 THz. On the other hand, the monostatic RCS values for all lattices have an inclined line until they reach a frequency of 1.0 THz from more than -60 dBm2. However, from the 1.0 THz to 3.0 THz frequency range the RCS values have moderate discrepancies among the horizontal line for each lattice. Furthermore, two parametric studies were performed to examine the RCS reduction behaviour, for instance, multi-layer structures and as well tilt positioning of the proposed coding metamaterial. Overall it indicates that the integration of coding-based metamaterial successfully reduced the RCS values.
Hypnotherapy as Treatment for Depression: A Scoping Review

Pang JWV, Subramaniam P, Amit N, Wahab S, Moustafa AA

Int J Clin Exp Hypn, 2024;72(2):155-188.
PMID: 38416132 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2024.2317193

This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of studies that explore the use of hypnotherapy as a treatment for depression, adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A total of 232 articles were identified through systematic search strategies in four databases. Following rigorous screening, 14 studies, varying from case studies to randomized controlled trials, were included in the final review. The age range of participants spanned from 18 to 70 years, and the number of female participants generally exceeded that of males in these studies. Hypnotherapy was found to be frequently used as an adjunct treatment alongside various types of psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and often included techniques like hypnotic induction, ego strengthening, and self-hypnosis. The treatment duration varied from 3 sessions to as long as 20 weekly sessions. Most importantly, the majority of the studies found hypnotherapy to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression, with some studies suggesting it has superior effects to antidepressant treatment in areas such as overall health and vitality. This review highlights the potential of hypnotherapy as a viable treatment option for depression and highlights the need for further controlled studies to establish its efficacy.
Fulltext Retraction Note: Sign language recognition using the fusion of image and hand landmarks through multi-headed convolutional neural network

Pathan RK, Biswas M, Yasmin S, Khandaker MU, Salman M, Youssef AAF

Sci Rep, 2025 Jan 08;15(1):1316.
PMID: 39779948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85429-w
Impact of Article Page Count and Number of Authors on Citations in Disability Related Fields: A Systematic Review Article

Ahmed A, Adam M, Ghafar NA, Muhammad M, Ebrahim NA

Iran J Public Health, 2016 Sep;45(9):1118-1125.
PMID: 27957456

BACKGROUND: Citation metrics and total publications in a field has become the gold standard for rating researchers and viability of a field. Hence, stimulating demand for citation has led to a search for useful strategies to improve performance metric index. Meanwhile, title, abstract and morphologic qualities of the articles attract researchers to scientific publications. Yet, there is relatively little understanding of the citation trend in disability related fields. We aimed to provide an insight into the factors associated with citation increase in this field. Additionally, we tried to know at what page number an article might appear attractive to disability researchers needs. Thus, our focus is placed on the article page count and the number of authors contributing to the fields per article.
METHODS: To this end, we evaluated the quantitative characteristics of top cited articles in the fields with a total citation (≥50) in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Using one-way independent ANOVA, data extracted spanning a period of 1980-2015 were analyzed, while the non-parametric data analysis uses Kruskal-Walis test.
RESULTS: Articles with 11 to 20 pages attract more citations followed by those within the range of zero to 10. Articles with upward 21 pages are the least cited. Surprisingly, articles with more than two authors are significantly (P<0.05) less cited and the citation decreases as the number of authors increased.
CONCLUSION: Collaborative studies enjoy wider utilization and more citation, yet discounted merit of additional pages and limited collaborative research in disability field is revealed in this study.
Fulltext YouTube Video Comments on Healthy Eating: Descriptive and Predictive Analysis

Teng S, Khong KW, Pahlevan Sharif S, Ahmed A

JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2020 10 01;6(4):e19618.
PMID: 33001036 DOI: 10.2196/19618

BACKGROUND: Poor nutrition and food selection lead to health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This study of YouTube comments aims to uncover patterns of food choices and the factors driving them, in addition to exploring the sentiments of healthy eating in networked communities.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study are to explore the determinants, motives, and barriers to healthy eating behaviors in online communities and provide insight into YouTube video commenters' perceptions and sentiments of healthy eating through text mining techniques.
METHODS: This paper applied text mining techniques to identify and categorize meaningful healthy eating determinants. These determinants were then incorporated into hypothetically defined constructs that reflect their thematic and sentimental nature in order to test our proposed model using a variance-based structural equation modeling procedure.
RESULTS: With a dataset of 4654 comments extracted from YouTube videos in the context of Malaysia, we apply a text mining method to analyze the perceptions and behavior of healthy eating. There were 10 clusters identified with regard to food ingredients, food price, food choice, food portion, well-being, cooking, and culture in the concept of healthy eating. The structural equation modeling results show that clusters are positively associated with healthy eating with all P values less than .001, indicating a statistical significance of the study results. People hold complex and multifaceted beliefs about healthy eating in the context of YouTube videos. Fruits and vegetables are the epitome of healthy foods. Despite having a favorable perception of healthy eating, people may not purchase commonly recognized healthy food if it has a premium price. People associate healthy eating with weight concerns. Food taste, variety, and availability are identified as reasons why Malaysians cannot act on eating healthily.
CONCLUSIONS: This study offers significant value to the existing literature of health-related studies by investigating the rich and diverse social media data gleaned from YouTube. This research integrated text mining analytics with predictive modeling techniques to identify thematic constructs and analyze the sentiments of healthy eating.
Fulltext Concerns of HIV-positive migrant workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action

Ahmed A, Dujaili J, Sandhu AK, Hashmi FK

J Glob Health, 2020 Dec;10(2):020342.
PMID: 33110542 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020342
Fulltext Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic?

Saqlain M, Munir MM, Ahmed A, Tahir AH, Kamran S

Drugs Ther Perspect, 2020;36(5):213-214.
PMID: 32218652 DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00721-1

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