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Transcriptome-wide effect of DE-ETIOLATED1 (DET1) suppression in embryogenic callus of Carica papaya

Jamaluddin ND, Rohani ER, Mohd Noor N, Goh HH

J Plant Res, 2019 Mar;132(2):181-195.
PMID: 30649676 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01086-x

Papaya is one of the most nutritional fruits, rich in vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids and other antioxidants. Previous studies showed phytonutrient improvement without affecting quality in tomato fruit and rapeseed through the suppression of DE-ETIOLATED-1 (DET1), a negative regulator in photomorphogenesis. This study is conducted to study the effects of DET1 gene suppression in papaya embryogenic callus. Immature zygotic embryos were transformed with constitutive expression of a hairpin DET1 construct (hpDET1). PCR screening of transformed calli and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) verified that DET1 gene downregulation in two of the positive transformants. High-throughput cDNA 3' ends sequencing on DET1-suppressed and control calli for transcriptomic analysis of global gene expression identified a total of 452 significant (FDR
Fulltext Parametric evaluation of electrical discharge coatings on nickel-titanium shape memory alloy in deionized water

Mansor AF, Azmi AI, Zain MZM, Jamaluddin R

Heliyon, 2020 Aug;6(8):e04812.
PMID: 32913911 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04812

Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi) has a unique capacity to restore its initial shape after deformation, which is highly applicable to orthopaedic implantations, especially for the minimization of invasive surgeries. The high nickel content of this alloy can lead to unfavourable effects on the human body upon dissolution; thus, a reliable barrier of coatings on the NiTi surface is required to alleviate the nickel migration and increase its biocompatibility. In this paper, analyses of a titanium oxide layer development on NiTi surface using electrical discharge coating (EDC) process is presented. The recast layer thickness, crater sizes, and surface roughness were characterized based on five parameters; polarity, discharge duration, pulse interval, peak current, and gap voltage. The results show that the discharge duration is the most significant parameter to influence all responses, followed by peak current. The surface characteristics of the EDC substrate is depending on the crater formations and is highly correlated with the discharge energy intensity. As a result, appropriate parametric conditions of the electrical discharge coating process can enhance the NiTi surface for future medical applications, without compromising the shape memory effect.
Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota can ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute aflatoxin exposure in Sprague Dawley rats

Nikbakht E, Jamaluddin R, Redzwan SM, Khalesi S

Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2018 Jun;88(3-4):199-208.
PMID: 31056010 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000513

Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found in some crops with an adverse health effect on human and animals. Some beneficial microorganisms (or probiotics) such as lactic acid bacteria have shown the ability to reduce the bioavailability of aflatoxins and its intestinal absorption. However, the dose and duration of aflatoxins exposure and probiotic treatment can influence the ability of probiotics to remove aflatoxins. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (LcS) induction in an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. Experimentally, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: AFB1 only (n = 9); AFB1 treated with LcS (n = 9); and control (no AFB1 exposure) (n = 6) groups. The blood AFB1 level of rats treated with LcS was slightly lower than the untreated AFB1 induced rats (11.12 ± 0.71 vs 10.93 ± 0.69 ng g-1). Also, LcS treatment slightly moderated the liver and kidney biomarkers in AFB1 induced rats. However, a trend for a significant difference was only observed in ALT of AFB1 induced rats treated with LcS compared to their counterparts (126.11 ± 36.90 vs 157.36 ± 15.46, p = 0.06). Rats' body weight decreased in all animals force-fed with AFB1 with no significant difference between LcS treatment compared to the counterpart. In conclusion, this experiment indicated that probiotic LsC was able to slightly ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. However, future studies with longer probiotics treatment or higher probiotics dose is required to confirm these findings.
Fulltext Identification of parvalbumin and two new thermolabile major allergens of Thunnus tonggol using a proteomics approach

Rosmilah M, Shahnaz M, Meinir J, Masita A, Noormalin A, Jamaluddin M

Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2013;162(4):299-309.
PMID: 24193115 DOI: 10.1159/000354544

The longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is widely consumed in Asia. Parvalbumin, the main major allergen of fish, has been well identified in multiple fish species, yet little is known about the allergenic proteins in T. tonggol. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the major allergens of T. tonggol using a proteomics approach.
Limitations of calculated ionised calcium & adjusted calcium in critically ill patients: Time to consider measured ionised calcium

Zulkufli NS, Jamaluddin FA, Tengku Yazid TN

Malays J Pathol, 2020 Dec;42(3):385-394.
PMID: 33361719

INTRODUCTION: Ionised calcium is a good prognostic and diagnostic tool as opposed to total calcium in critical patients but is not available in most central laboratories and non-intensive care units. To date, four equations to calculate ionised calcium in critical patients have been published.
OBJECTIVES: (1) Evaluate the four published equations' performance in estimating ionised calcium; (2) Determine the accuracy of calculated ionised and adjusted total calcium in classifying patients according to calcium states; and (3) Identify factors associated with hypocalcaemia in the critically ill population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 281 critically ill patients aged 18-80 years of both genders in a Malaysian tertiary intensive care unit. Performance of the four equations was analysed using Bland-Altman difference plot and Passing Bablok regression analysis. Crosstabulation was conducted to assess classification accuracy. Mann-Whitney U or Pearson Chi-Square tests were performed to identify variables associated with hypocalcaemia.
RESULTS: Calculated ionised calcium using all four equations significantly overestimated ionised calcium. Calculated ionised and adjusted total calcium had poor accuracies in classifying hypocalcaemic patients. pH was significantly higher in hypocalcaemics.
CONCLUSION: Calculated ionised and adjusted total calcium significantly overestimate ionised calcium in the critically ill. In this specific population, calcium status should only be confirmed with ionised calcium measured by direct ion-selective electrode (ISE).
Novel approaches to purifying bacteriocin: A review

Jamaluddin N, Stuckey DC, Ariff AB, Faizal Wong FW

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2018;58(14):2453-2465.
PMID: 28609113 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1328658

Bacteriocin is a proteinaceous biomolecule produced by bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) that exhibits antimicrobial activity against closely related species, and food-borne pathogens. It has recently gained importance and attracted the attention of several researchers looking to produce it from various substrates and bacterial strains. This ushers in a new era of food preservation where the use of bacteriocin in food products will be an alternative to chemical preservatives, and heat treatment which are understood to cause unwanted side effects, and reduce sensory and nutritional quality. However, this new market depends on the success of novel downstream separation schemes from various types of crude feedstocks which are both effective and economic. This review focuses on the downstream separation of bacteriocin from various sources using both conventional and novel techniques. Finally, recommendations for future interesting areas of research that need to be pursued are highlighted.
Fulltext Effects of Synbiotics among Constipated Adults in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia-A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Lim YJ, Jamaluddin R, Hazizi AS, Chieng JY

Nutrients, 2018 Jun 26;10(7).
PMID: 29949873 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070824

Synbiotics approach complementarily and synergistically toward the balance of gastrointestinal microbiota and improvement in bowel functions. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effects of a synbiotics supplement among constipated adults. A total of 85 constipated adults, diagnosed by Rome III criteria for functional constipation were randomised to receive either synbiotics (n = 43) or placebo (n = 42) once daily (2.5 g) in the morning for 12 weeks. Eight times of follow-up was conducted every fortnightly with treatment response based on a questionnaire that included a record of evacuation (stool frequency, stool type according to Bristol Stool Form Scale), Patients Assessment on Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM), and Patients Assessment on Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL). There were no significant differences in stool evacuation, but defecation frequency and stool type in treatment group were improved tremendously than in placebo group. While the treatment group was reported to have higher reduction in severity of functional constipation symptoms, the differences were not statistically significant. Dietary supplementation of synbiotics in this study suggested that the combination of probiotics and prebiotics improved the functional constipation symptoms and quality of life although not significant. This was due to the high placebo effect which synbiotics failed to demonstrate benefit over the controls.
Fulltext Self-inflicted and iatrogenic peripheral intravenous cannula fracture: A case report

Khoo PJ, Tay KL, Jamaluddin AA, Gunasaker D

Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2018 Sep;33:44-46.
PMID: 30167303 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.08.004

Introduction: We present a case of broken peripheral intravenous catheter/cannula (PIVC), a well-known, underreported complication of PIVC placement. The fractured cannula could have resulted in intravascular foreign body retention, which is usually iatrogenic.
Presentation of case: In this case, we conceded that both iatrogenic and self-infliction were culpable. The intoxicated, aggressive patient forcefully removed the inserted cannula after repeated attempts by medical personnel to place it. The same cannula was used for multiple attempts. After the location of the fractured catheter was reconfirmed with radiological imaging, venotomy and removal of the foreign body were performed.
Conclusion: Due to potentially devastating consequences, early detection, adherence to standard operating procedures for peripheral venous access, management of aggressive patients, and meticulous teamwork must be upheld.
Fulltext A Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth for 5G Applications

Ali I, Jamaluddin MH, Gaya A, Rahim HA

Sensors (Basel), 2020 Jan 26;20(3).
PMID: 31991889 DOI: 10.3390/s20030675

In this paper, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high gain and wide impedance bandwidth for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication applications is proposed. The dielectric resonator antenna is designed to operate at higher-order TEδ15x mode to achieve high antenna gain, while a hollow cylinder at the center of the DRA is introduced to improve bandwidth by reducing the quality factor. The DRA is excited by a 50Ω microstrip line with a narrow aperture slot. The reflection coefficient, antenna gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed DRAs are analyzed using the commercially available full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS). In order to verify the simulation results, the proposed antenna structures were fabricated and experimentally validated. Measured results of the fabricated prototypes show a 10-dB return loss impedance bandwidth of 10.7% (14.3-15.9GHz) and 16.1% (14.1-16.5 GHz) for DRA1 and DRA2, respectively, at the operating frequency of 15 GHz. The results show that the designed antenna structure can be used in the Internet of things (IoT) for device-to-device (D2D) communication in 5G systems.
Population-specific profiling of CCL3L1 copy number of the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia and the implication on HIV susceptibility

Mohamad Isa II, Jamaluddin J, Achim NH, Abubakar S

Gene, 2020 Jun 01;754:144821.
PMID: 32497559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144821

CC chemokine ligand 3 like-1 (CCL3L1) encodes for CCL3L1 protein, which is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppressive chemokine and a potent ligand of HIV CCR5 co-receptor. CCL3L1 exhibits variation in the gene copy number (CN) and could influence HIV susceptibility through gene dosage effect. The study aims to determine the distribution of CCL3L1 CN among HIV subjects of Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnics in Malaysia and to evaluate the impact of CCL3L1 CN on susceptibility to HIV. This study involved 182 HIV patients who attended outpatient clinics of three hospitals in Malaysia and 150 non-HIV (control) subjects. Typing of CCL3L1 CN was conducted via multiplex paralogue ratio tests (PRTs), followed by validation of the CCL3L1 CN by microsatellite analyses. Both Malay and Indian HIV subjects had the CN mode of two, while the CN mode for the Chinese was four. The CCL3L1 gene CN was found to be strongly associated with ethnicity (p
Fulltext Level of Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Primary Healthcare Workers in Perak, Malaysia

Abu Saad H, Low PK, Jamaluddin R, Chee HP

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 08 16;17(16).
PMID: 32824361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165947

Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle have been linked to the occurrence of non-communicable diseases. This study's purpose was to determine physical activity levels and sedentary behaviours among primary healthcare workers in Perak, Malaysia, as well as associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 health clinics in Perak, Malaysia, to determine physical activity levels, sedentary behaviours and factors associated with physical inactivity among primary healthcare workers. Each respondent completed a self-administered questionnaire relating to socio-demographic characteristics, including anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, waist circumference and body fat percentage, and the English and Malay version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A total of 261 primary healthcare workers participated in this study; 45.6% were classified as physically inactive, spending a median of five hours daily engaged in sedentary behaviours. In terms of metabolic equivalent min per week, male workers had significantly higher physical activity than females. Self-reported health status and longer sitting times were significantly associated with physical inactivity. Logistic regression showed that poor health status was 1.84 times less likely to be associated with physical activity (p = 0.036, Confidence Interval = 1.04-3.24). Due to the high prevalence of physical inactivity, action is needed to increase physical activity among healthcare workers.
Fulltext Compact 5G Nonuniform Transmission Line Interdigital Bandpass Filter for 5G/UWB Reconfigurable Antenna

Saleh S, Jamaluddin MH, Razzaz F, Saeed SM

Micromachines (Basel), 2022 Nov 18;13(11).
PMID: 36422442 DOI: 10.3390/mi13112013

In this study, at two different fifth generation (5G) low-frequency bands (3.7-4.2 GHz and 5.975-7.125 GHz) and based on nonuniform transmission lines (NTLs) theory, a compact three-quarter-wave resonators interdigital bandpass filter (IBPF) is analyzed, designed, and fabricated. The compact proposed filter is considered as a good candidate for reconfigurable 5G low-frequency bands and ultrawide band (UWB) antenna, which will reduce the size of the final RF communication system. Firstly, a uniform transmission line (UTL) IBPF at these two bands is designed and tested; then the NTL concept is applied for compactness. For both UTL and NTL IBPFs, different parametric studies are performed for optimization. At the first frequency band, size reductions of 16.88% and 16.83% are achieved in the first (symmetrical to the third resonator) and second λ/4 resonator of UTL IBPF, respectively, with up to 36.6% reduction in the total area. However, 16.46% and 16.33% size reductions are obtained in the first (symmetrical to the third resonator) and second λ/4 resonator, respectively, at the second frequency band with a 40.53% reduction in the whole circuit area. The performance of the proposed NTL IBPF is compared with the UTL IBPF. The measured reflection coefficient of the proposed NTL IBPF, S11, appears to be less than -10.53 dB and -11.27 dB through 3.7-4.25 GHz and 5.94-7.67 GHz, respectively. However, the transmission coefficient, S12 is around -0.86 dB and-1.7 dB at the center frequencies, fc = 3.98 GHz and 6.81 GHz, respectively. In this study, simulations are carried out using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software based on the finite element method (FEM). The validity of the proposed theoretical schematic of this filter is proved by design simulations and measured results of its prototype.
Fulltext Different Preparation Method of Nanocellulose from Macaranga gigantea and Its Preliminary Study on Packaging Film Potential

Jasmani L, Jamaluddin NAN, Rusli R, Adnan S, Zakaria S

Polymers (Basel), 2022 Oct 28;14(21).
PMID: 36365585 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214591

Nanocellulose is a versatile cellulosic nanomaterial that can be used in many application areas. Applying different preparation strategies leads to different types of nanocellulose. In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were prepared from lesser known wood species, viz., Macaranga gigantea, using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and enzymatic pretreatment with ultrafine grinding approaches, respectively. The respective nanocellulose was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was then converted into a thin film to assess its performance which includes tensile test, transparency, air permeance, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and water vapor permeability (WVP) properties. NCC and NFC produced from the raw material of Macaranga had average widths of 6.38 ± 3.92 nm and 13.17 ± 12.71 nm, respectively. Peaks in FTIR spectra showed the conversion of Macaranga wood to nanocellulose by the presence of cellulose fingerprint as well as absence of lignin and hemicellulose after alkaline treatment. The successful conversion was also supported by XRD analysis which displayed the increased crystallinity value from 54% to 70%. TGA decomposition pattern at 200-490 °C revealed the thermal stability of the samples. The thin film produced from nanocelluloses had WVTR values of 4.58 and 12.14 g/(day·m2) for NFC and NCC, respectively, comparable to those of films from polyester and oriented polypropylene. Nanocellulose-based thin film has the potential to be used as sustainable and biodegradable packaging.
Side Effects of Chronic Methadone Use in Opioid Addiction: A Scoping Review on Hematological Derangements

Khalid K, Anuar A, Ang WC, Jamaluddin R

Curr Drug Saf, 2023;18(2):167-174.
PMID: 35570535 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220514154931

BACKGROUND: Per oral methadone maintenance therapy [MMT] was introduced as part of harm reduction strategy to manage rising numbers of HIV infections caused by intravenous use of illicit drugs.
METHOD: We aim to review published articles related to the side effects of long-term methadone therapy, focusing on hematological derangements in human studies published between 1 January 2000 till 31 January 2021.
RESULTS: Our search databases include Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline. Our search yielded 971 articles, of which 55 articles were related to the effects of MMT on various organ systems: cardiovascular [n=12], respiratory [n=1], endocrine [n=10], central nervous system [n=12], neurobehavioral [n=10], gastrointestinal [n=1], and bone [n=1]. There were eight articles specifically related to the hematological side effects of chronic methadone therapy that include [i] immune system hyperactivation, [ii] reduced circulating lymphocytes, and [iii] increased blood viscosity.
CONCLUSION: In view of all foreseeable health risks seen with prolonged methadone therapy, pharmacological modulation is warranted to find a better substitute for managing patients with opioid dependence.
Optimizing timber transportation planning for timber harvesting using bees algorithm in Malaysia

Jamaluddin J, Kamarudin N, Ismail MH, Ahmad SA

J Environ Manage, 2023 Apr 20;340:117977.
PMID: 37086558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117977

Suitable extraction technique and the least cost while reducing the environmental impact is the primary concern in timber transportation planning in undulate topography. Two types of extraction machines with unique characteristics to be applied in timber harvest area in Malaysia is combined for timber harvesting with the aim each machine will extract timber suitable to their ability. A Bees Algorithm (BA) was proposed to find an optimum TTP for timber extraction, forest road, and landing locations with grid cell-sized 10 m × 10 m and attributed with fixed and variable costs. The result shows the log fisher (1351 timbers) as a preferable extraction technique with total cost of RM 86,551.73 than the crawler tractor (206 timbers); the timber extraction route is 2630 m for the log fisher and 9860 m for the crawler tractor with total cost of RM 10,453.03. The model finds a suitable timber extraction technique and estimates the extraction costs. Further studies are required to compare the BA with other optimization methods for better results.
Fulltext A Review on the Development of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles-Based Biosensor as a Detection Strategy of Emerging and Pathogenic RNA Virus

Ibrahim N, Jamaluddin ND, Tan LL, Mohd Yusof NY

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Jul 28;21(15).
PMID: 34372350 DOI: 10.3390/s21155114

The emergence of highly pathogenic and deadly human coronaviruses, namely SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV within the past two decades and currently SARS-CoV-2, have resulted in millions of human death across the world. In addition, other human viral diseases, such as mosquito borne-viral diseases and blood-borne viruses, also contribute to a higher risk of death in severe cases. To date, there is no specific drug or medicine available to cure these human viral diseases. Therefore, the early and rapid detection without compromising the test accuracy is required in order to provide a suitable treatment for the containment of the diseases. Recently, nanomaterials-based biosensors have attracted enormous interest due to their biological activities and unique sensing properties, which enable the detection of analytes such as nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), aptamers, and proteins in clinical samples. In addition, the advances of nanotechnologies also enable the development of miniaturized detection systems for point-of-care (POC) biosensors, which could be a new strategy for detecting human viral diseases. The detection of virus-specific genes by using single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes has become a particular interest due to their higher sensitivity and specificity compared to immunological methods based on antibody or antigen for early diagnosis of viral infection. Hence, this review has been developed to provide an overview of the current development of nanoparticles-based biosensors that target pathogenic RNA viruses, toward a robust and effective detection strategy of the existing or newly emerging human viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. This review emphasizes the nanoparticles-based biosensors developed using noble metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) by virtue of their powerful characteristics as a signal amplifier or enhancer in the detection of nucleic acid. In addition, this review provides a broad knowledge with respect to several analytical methods involved in the development of nanoparticles-based biosensors for the detection of viral nucleic acid using both optical and electrochemical techniques.
Fulltext UV-LED as a New Emerging Tool for Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Hydrophobic Coating

Ghazali SK, Adrus N, Majid RA, Ali F, Jamaluddin J

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 04;13(4).
PMID: 33557118 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040487

The elimination of mercury, low energy consumption, and low heat make the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) system emerge as a promising alternative to conventional UV-mercury radiation coating. Hence, a series of hydrophobic coatings based on urethane acrylate oligomer and fluorinated monomer via UV-LED photopolymerisation was designed in this paper. The presence of fluorine component at 1160 cm-1, 1235 cm-1, and 1296 cm-1 was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. A considerably high degree C=C conversion (96-98%) and gel fraction (95-93%) verified the application of UV-LED as a new technique in radiation coating. It is well-accepted that fluorinated monomer can change the surface wettability as the water contact angle of the coating evolved from 88.4° to 121.2°, which, in turn, reduced its surface free energy by 70.5%. Hence, the hydrophobicity of the coating was governed by the migration of the fluorine component to the coating surface as validated by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. However, above 4 phr of fluorinated monomer, the transparency of the cured coating examined by UV-visible spectroscopy experienced approximately a 16% reduction. In summary, the utilisation of UV-LED was a great initiative to develop green aspect in photopolymerisation, particularly in coating technology.
Comparison of clomiphene citrate, metformin, or the combination of both for first-line ovulation induction, achievement of pregnancy, and live birth in Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Zain MM, Jamaluddin R, Ibrahim A, Norman RJ

Fertil Steril, 2009 Feb;91(2):514-21.
PMID: 18321486 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.002

To determine the first-line medication to be used in anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) for ovulation induction and pregnancy achievement.
Fulltext A Review of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Types in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Species

Saber H, Jasni AS, Jamaluddin TZMT, Ibrahim R

Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Oct;24(5):7-18.
PMID: 29386968 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.2

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered low pathogenic organisms. However, they are progressively causing more serious infections with time because they have adapted well to various antibiotics owing to their ability to form biofilms. Few studies have been conducted on CoNS in both, hospital and community-acquired settings, especially in Malaysia. Thus, it is important to study their species and gene distributions. A mobile genetic element, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), plays an important role in staphylococci pathogenesis. Among CoNS, SCCmec has been studied less frequently than Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase-positive staphylococci). A recent study (8) conducted in Malaysia successfully detected SCCmec type I to VIII as well as several new combination patterns in CoNS species, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, data are still limited, and further research is warranted. This paper provides a review on SCCmec types among CoNS species.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With T-cell Lymphoma in Pregnancy: Diagnostic Conundrum Unveiled

Siddik NA, Abd Rahim SNH, Jamaluddin J, Yuhana MY

Cureus, 2024 Aug;16(8):e66170.
PMID: 39233937 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66170

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during pregnancy is a rare and often misdiagnosed disease. The clinical manifestations are non-specific, contributing to a high maternal mortality rate. This case report details the presentation of a 31-year-old pregnant woman with high-grade fever initially treated as an infection-related condition. The diagnostic challenge arose from the rarity of HLH, its variable clinical presentation, and the lack of specificity in clinical and laboratory findings. Despite numerous tests and escalation of therapies, the patient, unfortunately, succumbed to HLH associated with T-cell lymphoma. This case report aims to raise awareness of HLH, emphasizing its challenging definition. Malignancy-associated HLH is not uncommon, and early identification and treatment are paramount to prevent progressive tissue damage, organ failure, and mortality. The atypical presentation of HLH as a clinical manifestation of T-cell lymphoma underscores the need for vigilance in diagnosing this potentially fatal syndrome.

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