Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 155 in total

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  1. ATRA-induced cerebral sinus thrombosis
    Lee KR, Subrayan V, Win MM, Fadhilah Mohamad N, Patel D
    J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2014 Jul;38(1):87-9.
    PMID: 24046068 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0988-7
    All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and Idarubicin are part of the AIDA protocol employed for the treatment of Acute promyelocytic leaukaemia (APML) and has been associated with marked improvement in the prognosis. However, it is known to worsen the haematological picture during the course of induction of therapy. Herein, we present a case of an APML patient who developed a rare documented incidence of cerebral sinus thrombosis, first noticed as an ophthalmology referral. This 22 year old lady, a known APML patient was then started on chemotherapy based on AIDA protocol but 17 days into the initiation of therapy, she began to complain of blurred vision on the right eye. Anterior segments were normal but both fundi showed papilloedema with peripapillary haemorrhages. A contrast MRI that was then ordered showed multiple filling defects in numerous venous sinuses. She was started on anticoagulant treatment and the findings resolved. Though a rare case of its side-effects, ATRA usage in APML has a multitude of presentations since its primary pathology lies in the inherent pro-coagulant potential.
  2. Piper sarmentosum: a new hope for the treatment of osteoporosis
    Mohd Ramli ES, Suhaimi F, Ahmad F, Shuid AN, Mohamad N, Ima-Nirwana S
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(14):1675-82.
    PMID: 24107234
    Osteoporosis is a major global health problem. Osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of bone mass and strength which leads to an increased risk of fracture. Glucocorticoid treatment is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. Glucocorticoid action in bone depends upon the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β-HSD1). The oestrogen deficient state causes osteoporosis due to enhancement of osteoclastogenesis by oxidative stress which leads to increased bone resorption. Piper sarmentosum (Daun Kaduk) is commonly used in the local cuisine of South East Asia. It is also traditionally used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, dermatitis and joint pain. Studies have revealed antioxidant properties through its flavonoids compound naringenin which acts as a superoxide scavenger that may help in the endogenous antioxidant defence system to protect bone against osteoporosis. Recent studies found that Ps extract has the ability to inhibit the expression and activity of 11β-HSD1 in adipose tissue and bone which restored bone structure and strength. It also accelerates fracture healing in the oestrogen deficient state through its antioxidant properties. The cost of conventional treatment is high and together with the adverse effects it leads to noncompliance. Treatment modalities with herbal medicine, less side effects and is cheaper need to be explored.This review focused on the therapeutic effect of Ps extract on fracture healing in ovariectomized rats and its protective effects against glucocorticoid induced osteoporotic rats.
  3. Infantile fibrosarcoma of the penis in a 2-year-old boy
    Taib F, Mohamad N, Mohamed Daud MA, Hassan A, Singh MS, Nasir A
    Urology, 2012 Oct;80(4):931-3.
    PMID: 22854139 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.05.021
    Fibrosarcoma is rare in the pediatric age group. It generally involves the extremities and the trunk but rarely involves the genital area. We report a case of a large fungating infantile fibrosarcoma of the penis in a 2-year-old Malay boy. Partial recovery of the penile structure was achieved after chemotherapy. The difficulty in managing the social and surgical aspect of this case is discussed in our report. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of infantile fibrosarcoma involving the penis in an Asian region.
  4. Polymorphism of ITPA 94C>A and risk of adverse effects among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with 6-mercaptopurine
    Wan Rosalina WR, Teh LK, Mohamad N, Nasir A, Yusoff R, Baba AA, et al.
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 2012 Apr;37(2):237-41.
    PMID: 21545474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01272.x
    Genetic polymorphisms of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPA 94C>A) contribute to variable responses, including fatal adverse effects, among subjects treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Our objectives were to investigate the distribution of specific TPMT and ITPA genotypes in healthy subjects and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) from the three main ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese and Indians) in Malaysia and the association of the polymorphisms with adverse effects of 6-MP.
  5. Piloting a psycho-education program for parents of pediatric cancer patients in Malaysia
    Othman A, Blunden S, Mohamad N, Mohd Hussin ZA, Jamil Osman Z
    Psychooncology, 2010 Mar;19(3):326-31.
    PMID: 19462470 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1584
    To evaluate a psycho-educational program (PeP) for parents of children with cancer (PoCwC) in Malaysia.
  6. Assessment of medical graduates competencies
    Salam A, Zainuddin Z, Latiff AA, Ng SP, Soelaiman IN, Mohamad N, et al.
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Sep;37(9):814-6.
    PMID: 18989506
  7. Report: Demographic profiles and sleep quality among patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in Malaysia
    Zahari Z, Siong LC, Musa N, Mohd Yasin MA, Choon TS, Mohamad N, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Jan;29(1):239-46.
    PMID: 26826835
    Poor sleep quality was frequently reported by opioid dependence patients during methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). The study investigated a sample of patients on MMT to investigate the severity and prevalence of sleep problems in MMT patients. We evaluated sleep quality and disturbances of 119 Malay male patients from MMT clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia between March and July 2013 using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-Malay version. Patients' demographic, clinical data, past drug history and methadone treatment variables were recorded. Patients averaged 37.5 years of age (SD 6.79) and their mean age of first time illicit drug use was 19.3 years (SD 4.48). Their mean age of entering MMT was 34.7 years (SD 6.92) and the mean duration in MMT was 2.8 years (SD 2.13). The mean current daily dosage of methadone was 77.8 mg (SD 39.47) and ranged from 20 to 360 mg. The mean global PSQI score was 5.6 (SD 2.79) and 43.7% patients were identified as 'poor sleepers' (global PSQI scores >5). This study confirms the poor overall sleep quality among patients on MMT. The prevalence and severity of sleep problems in MMT patients should not be underestimated.
  8. Team-based learning in a medical centre in Malaysia: Perspectives of the faculty
    Salam A, Mohamad N, Siraj HH, Kamarudin MA, Yaman MN, Bujang SM
    Natl Med J India, 2014 Nov-Dec;27(6):350.
    PMID: 26133346
  9. Fulltext Undergraduate medical education research in Malaysia: time for a change
    Salam A, Hamzah JC, Chin TG, Siraj HH, Idrus R, Mohamad N, et al.
    Pak J Med Sci, 2015;31(3):499-503.
    PMID: 26150832 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.313.7389
    OBJECTIVE: Special Study Module (SSM) is a mandatory research module implemented in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview on the student research activities and to find out the outcome measures in terms of publication.
    METHODS: It was a retrospective study done on SSM research projects at UKM. The SSM research is conducted from beginning of year-4 until 1(st) seven weeks of year-5. In year-4, students are assigned to a faculty-supervisor in small groups and spend every Thursday afternoon to plan and carry the research. Whole first seven weeks of year-5, students are placed with their supervisor continuously to collect data, do analysis, write report and present in the scientific conference. Outcomes of 5-years SSM research-projects starting from 2008/2009 to 2012/2013 academic session were analyzed.
    RESULTS: Total 257 projects were completed and presented in annual scientific meetings from which 57 (22.2%) articles were published in peer reviewed journals.
    CONCLUSION: Mandatory undergraduate student research project brings an opportunity to develop students' capacity building from conception to final report writing and thereby narrowing the gap between education and practice. Medical schools should implement research module to bring changes in research and publication culture of undergraduate medical education.
    KEYWORDS: Malaysia; Medical education; Publication; Research; Undergraduate
  10. Fulltext Relationship between cold pressor pain-sensitivity and sleep quality in opioid-dependent males on methadone treatment
    Zahari Z, Lee CS, Tan SC, Mohamad N, Lee YY, Ismail R
    PeerJ, 2015;3:e839.
    PMID: 25870765 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.839
    Aim. Poor sleep quality due to pain has been reported among opioid-dependent male patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) but objective pain data are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the rate of pain-sensitivity using cold pressor test (CPT) and the relationship between pain-sensitivity and sleep quality in this population.
    Methods. A total of 168 male participants were included into the study. Objective pain-tolerance was evaluated at 0 h and at 24 h after the first CPT. Malay version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the subjective opiate withdrawal scale (SOWS) questionnaires were administered to evaluate the quality of sleep and withdrawal symptoms, respectively.
    Results. The mean age of study participants was 37.22 (SD 6.20) years old. Mean daily methadone dose was 76.64 (SD 37.63) mg/day, mean global PSQI score was 5.47 (SD 2.74) and mean averaged SOWS score was 5.43 (SD 6.91). The averaged pain-tolerance time ranged from 7 to 300 s with a mean time of 32.16 (SE 2.72) s, slightly below the cut-off score of 37.53 s. More specifically, 78.6% (n = 132) of participants were identified as pain-sensitive (averaged pain-tolerance time ≤37.53 s), and 36 (21.4%) participants were pain-tolerant (averaged pain-tolerance time >37.53 s). The pain-sensitive group reported poorer sleep quality with mean (SD) PSQI of 5.78 (2.80) compared with the pain-tolerant group with mean (SD) PSQI of 4.31 (2.18) (p = 0.005). With analysis of covariance, pain-sensitive group was found to have higher global PSQI scores (adjusted mean 5.76, 95% CI 5.29; 6.22) than pain-tolerant participants (adjusted mean 4.42, 95% CI 3.52; 5.32) (p = 0.010).
    Conclusions. Majority of opioid-dependent male patients on methadone treatment are pain-sensitive with CPT. Poor sleep quality is associated with cold pressor pain-sensitivity. Pain and sleep complaints in this male population should not be overlooked.
    Study site: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and other MMT clinics (Kota Bharu, Pasir Mas, Pasir Puteh and Bachok), Kelantan, Malaysia
  11. Differential effect of adrenocorticosteroids on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase bioactivity at the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus in rats
    Idrus RB, Mohamad NB, Morat PB, Saim A, Abdul Kadir KB
    Steroids, 1996 Aug;61(8):448-52.
    PMID: 8870163
    11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) in man and corticosterone (B) to 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A) in rats. 11 beta-OHSD has been identified in a wide variety of tissues. The differential distribution of 11 beta-OHSD suggests that this enzyme has locally defined functions that vary from region to region. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the glucocorticoids B and dexamethasone (DM), the mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone (DOC), and the inhibitors of 11 beta-OHSD glycyrrhizic acid (Gl) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GE) on 11 beta-OHSD bioactivity at the hypothalamus (HT) and anterior pituitary (AP). Male Wistar rats were treated with GI or were adrenalectomized (ADX) and treated with either B, DM, or DOC for 7 days. All treatments were in vivo except GE, which was used in vitro. At the end of treatment, homogenates of HT and AP were assayed for 11 beta-OHSD bioactivity, expressed as the percentage conversion of B to A in the presence of NADP, 11 beta-OHSD bioactivity is significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in the AP compared with the HT. Adrenalectomy significantly increased the enzyme activity in the AP (P < 0.05), an effect reversed by B or DM. ADX rats treated with DOC showed decreased enzyme activity in the AP (P < 0.001) but increased the activity in the HT (P < 0.0001). Gl increased activity in both HT and AP, whereas GE decreased activity significantly. We conclude that the modulation of 11 beta-OHSD is both steroid specific and tissue specific.
  12. Fulltext Evaluating Water Level Changes at Different Tidal Phases Using UAV Photogrammetry and GNSS Vertical Data
    Mohamad N, Abdul Khanan MF, Ahmad A, Md Din AH, Shahabi H
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Aug 31;19(17).
    PMID: 31480412 DOI: 10.3390/s19173778
    Evaluating water level changes at intertidal zones is complicated because of dynamic tidal inundation. However, water level changes during different tidal phases could be evaluated using a digital surface model (DSM) captured by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with higher vertical accuracy provided by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Image acquisition using a multirotor UAV and vertical data collection from GNSS survey were conducted at Kilim River, Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia during two different tidal phases, at high and low tides. Using the Structure from Motion (SFM) algorithm, a DSM and orthomosaics were produced as the main sources of data analysis. GNSS provided horizontal and vertical geo-referencing for both the DSM and orthomosaics during post-processing after field observation at the study area. The DSM vertical accuracy against the tidal data from a tide gauge was about 12.6 cm (0.126 m) for high tide and 34.5 cm (0.345 m) for low tide. Hence, the vertical accuracy of the DSM height is still within a tolerance of ±0.5 m (with GNSS positioning data). These results open new opportunities to explore more validation methods for water level changes using various aerial platforms besides Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and tidal data in the future.
  13. Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Vibrionaceae in Tropical Cage-Cultured Marine Fishes
    Mohamad N, Mustafa M, Amal MNA, Saad MZ, Md Yasin IS, Al-Saari N
    J Aquat Anim Health, 2019 06;31(2):154-167.
    PMID: 30653742 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10062
    This study investigated the environmental factors associated with the presence of Vibrionaceae in economically important cage-cultured tropical marine fishes: the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer, snapper Lutjanus sp., and hybrid grouper Epinephelus sp. Fish sampling was conducted at monthly intervals between December 2016 and August 2017. The body weight and length of individual fish were measured, and the skin, eye, liver, and kidney were sampled for bacterial isolation and identification. Water physicochemical parameters during the sampling activities were determined, and the enumeration of total Vibrionaceae count was also conducted from water and sediment samples. Nine species of Vibrio were identified, including V. alginolyticus, V. diabolicus, V. harveyi, V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. rotiferianus, V. furnissii, V. fluvialis, and V. vulnificus. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae was also identified. A total of 73% of the isolated Vibrio belonged to the Harveyi clade, followed by the Vulnificus clade (5.5%) and Cholera clade (0.6%). Highest occurrence of Vibrio spp. and P. damselae subsp. damselae was found in hybrid grouper (72%), followed by Asian Seabass (48%) and snapper (36%). The associations of Vibrio spp. and P. damselae subsp. damselae with the host fish were not species specific. However, fish mortality and fish size showed strong associations with the presence of some Vibrio spp. On average, 60% of the infected cultured fish exhibited at least one clinical sign. Nevertheless, inconsistent associations were observed between the pathogens and water quality. The yearlong occurrence and abundance of Vibrionaceae in the environmental components indicate that they might serve as reservoirs of these pathogens.
  14. Bacterial cellulose/acrylic acid hydrogel synthesized via electron beam irradiation: accelerated burn wound healing in an animal model
    Mohamad N, Mohd Amin MCI, Pandey M, Ahmad N, Rajab NF
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Dec 19;114:312-320.
    PMID: 25263896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.025
    Natural polymer-based hydrogels are of interest to health care professionals as wound dressings owing to their ability to absorb exudates and provide hydration for healing. The aims of this study were to develop and characterize bacterial cellulose/acrylic acid (BC/AA) hydrogels synthesized by electron beam irradiation and investigate its wound healing potential in an animal model. The BC/AA hydrogels were characterized by SEM, tensile strength, water absorptivity, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The cytotoxicity of the hydrogels was investigated in L929 cells. Skin irritation and wound healing properties were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. BC/AA hydrogels had a macroporous network structure, high swelling ratio (4000-6000% at 24h), and high WVTR (2175-2280 g/m(2)/day). The hydrogels were non-toxic in the cell viability assay. In vivo experiments indicated that hydrogels promoted faster wound-healing, enhanced epithelialization, and accelerated fibroblast proliferation compared to that in the control group. These results suggest that BC/AA hydrogels are promising materials for burn dressings.
  15. Development of active agents filled polylactic acid films for food packaging application
    Mohamad N, Mazlan MM, Tawakkal ISMA, Talib RA, Kian LK, Fouad H, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Nov 15;163:1451-1457.
    PMID: 32738328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.209
    The growing global awareness for environmental protection has inspired the exploration on producing active packaging films from bio-based materials. In present work, three types of active agents were studied by incorporating thymol(T), kesum(K), and curry(C) (10% wt.) into polylactic acid (PLA) to produce PLA-10T, PLA-10K, and PLA10-C packaging films via solvent casting method. The morphology, functional chemistry, thermal stability, permeability, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated for PLA films. Functional chemical analysis confirmed the presence of interfacial bonding between aromatic groups of active agents and PLA carbonyl group. PLA-10K exhibited the highest thermal resistance comparing to PLA-10T and PLA-10C while water vapor barrier was enhanced after incorporation of active agents. Qualitative observation had indicated that chicken meat could be preserved in the active films until 15 days, while odourless and firm texture properties retained in food sample. For disc diffusion assay (in vitro), it showed positive results against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) whereas with negative results against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Aspergillus Brasiliensis due to embedded active agents within PLA matrix. We concluded that produced active agents filled PLA films potential to use in food packaging application to enhance the shelf life of meats, fruits and vegetables product.
  16. Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose-based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid
    Mohamad N, Buang F, Mat Lazim A, Ahmad N, Martin C, Mohd Amin MCI
    J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2017 Nov;105(8):2553-2564.
    PMID: 27690276 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33776
    The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)-based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035-2666 [g/(m-2  day-1 )]. Dermal irritation and sensitization test demonstrated that the hydrogel was nonirritant and nonallergic. The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80-1.30%). Collectively, these results indicate that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound dressings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553-2564, 2017.
  17. Application of a new system for classifying root and canal anatomy in studies involving micro-computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography: Explanation and elaboration
    Ahmed HMA, Ibrahim N, Mohamad NS, Nambiar P, Muhammad RF, Yusoff M, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2021 Jul;54(7):1056-1082.
    PMID: 33527452 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13486
    Adequate knowledge and accurate characterization of root and canal anatomy is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment and endodontic surgery. Over the years, an ever-increasing body of knowledge related to root and canal anatomy of the human dentition has accumulated. To correct deficiencies in existing systems, a new coding system for classifying root and canal morphology, accessory canals and anomalies has been introduced. In recent years, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been used extensively to study the details of root and canal anatomy in extracted teeth and within clinical settings. This review aims to discuss the application of the new coding system in studies using micro-CT and CBCT, provide a detailed guide for appropriate characterization of root and canal anatomy and to discuss several controversial issues that may appear as potential limitations for proper characterization of roots and canals.
  18. Fulltext Infant feeding concerns in times of natural disaster: lessons learned from the 2014 flood in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Sulaiman Z, Mohamad N, Ismail TA, Johari N, Hussain NH
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2016;25(3):625-30.
    PMID: 27440698 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092015.08
    The flood that hit Kelantan in December 2014 was the worst in Malaysian history. Women and their infants accounted for a large proportion of the people at risk who were badly affected, as almost half of the population in Kelantan was in the reproductive age group. This report serves to raise awareness that breastfeeding mothers and infants are a special population with unique needs during a disaster. Four of their concerns were identified during this massive flood: first, the negative impact of flood on infant nutritional status and their health; second, open space and lack of privacy for the mothers to breastfeed their babies comfortably at temporary shelters for flood victims; third, uncontrolled donations of infant formula, teats, and feeding bottles that are often received from many sources to promote formula feeding; and lastly, misconceptions related to breastfeeding production and quality that may be affected by the disaster. The susceptibility of women and their infant in a natural disaster enhances the benefits of promoting the breastfeeding rights of women. Women have the right to be supported which enables them to breastfeed. These can be achieved through monitoring the distribution of formula feeding, providing water, electricity and medical care for breastfeeding mothers and their infants. A multifaceted rescue mission team involving various agencies comprising of local government, including the health and nutrition departments, private or non-governmental organizations and individual volunteers have the potential to improve a satisfactory condition of women and infants affected by floods and other potential natural disasters.
  19. Fulltext Melioidosis in acute cholangitis of diabetic patient: a forgotten diagnosis
    Mohamad N, Ponnusamy S, Devi S, Manikam R, Idrus II, Bakar NHA
    Res Rep Trop Med, 2012;3:103-106.
    PMID: 30100777 DOI: 10.2147/RRTM.S34483
    Melioidosis presents with a wide range of clinical presentations, which include severe community-acquired pneumonia, septicemia, central nervous system infection, and less severe soft tissue infection. Hence, its diagnosis depends heavily on the clinical microbiology laboratory for culture. In this case report, we describe an atypical presentation of melioidosis in a 52-year-old man who had fever, right upper-abdominal pain, and jaundice for 15 days. Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei was subsequently diagnosed from blood culture. As a primary care physician, high suspicion index is of great importance. High suspicion index of melioidosis in a high-risk group patient, such as the patient with diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot, is crucial in view of atypical presentations of pseudomonas sepsis. A correct combination of antibiotic administration in the early phase of therapy will determine its successful outcome.
  20. Fulltext Virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured marine fishes in Malaysia
    Mohamad N, Amal MNA, Saad MZ, Yasin ISM, Zulkiply NA, Mustafa M, et al.
    BMC Vet Res, 2019 May 28;15(1):176.
    PMID: 31138199 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1907-8
    BACKGROUND: Vibriosis is an important bacterial disease of cultured marine fishes worldwide. However, information on the virulence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from fish are scarce. This study investigates the distribution of virulence associated genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp. isolated from cage-cultured marine fishes in Malaysia.

    RESULTS: A total of 63 Vibrio spp. isolated from 62 cultured marine fishes in various geographical regions in Peninsular Malaysia were analysed. Forty-two of the isolates (66.7%) were positive for all chiA, luxR and vhpA, the virulence genes produced by pathogenic V. harveyi. A total of 62 Vibrio isolates (98%) had tlh gene of V. parahaemolyticus, while flaC gene of V. anguillarum was detected in 43 of isolates (68%). Other virulence genes, including tdh, trh, hlyA and toxRvc were absent from any of the isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was exhibited in all strains of Harveyi clade, particularly against ampicillin, penicillin, polypeptides, cephems and streptomycin. The MAR index ranged between 0.06 and 0.56, and 75% of the isolates have MAR index of higher than 0.20. Host species and geographical origin showed no correlation with the presence of virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that majority of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured marine fishes possess virulence genes, but were not associated with human pathogen. However, the antibiotics resistance is a real concern and warrants ongoing surveillance. These findings represent an updated knowledge on the risk of Vibrio spp. to human health, and also provides valuable insight on alternative approaches to combat vibriosis in cultured fish.

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