Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 267 in total

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  1. The untold story of PFAS alternatives: Insights into the occurrence, ecotoxicological impacts, and removal strategies in the aquatic environment
    Hamid N, Junaid M, Sultan M, Yoganandham ST, Chuan OM
    Water Res, 2024 Feb 15;250:121044.
    PMID: 38154338 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121044
    Due to increasing regulations on the production and consumption of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the global use of PFAS substitutes increased tremendously, posing serious environmental risks owing to their bioaccumulation, toxicity, and lack of removal strategies. This review summarized the spatial distribution of alternative PFAS and their ecological risks in global freshwater and marine ecosystems. Further, toxicological effects of novel PFAS in various freshwater and marine species were highlighted. Moreover, degradation mechanisms for alternative PFAS removal from aquatic environments were compared and discussed. The spatial distribution showed that 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 CI-PFAES, also known as F-53B) was the most dominant emerging PFAS found in freshwater. Additionally, the highest levels of PFBS and PFBA were observed in marine waters (West Pacific Ocean). Moreover, short-chain PFAS exhibited higher concentrations than long-chain congeners. The ecological risk quotients (RQs) for phytoplankton were relatively higher >1 than invertebrates, indicating a higher risk for freshwater phytoplankton species. Similarly, in marine water, the majority of PFAS substitutes exhibited negligible risk for invertebrates and fish, and posed elevated risks for phytoplanktons. Reviewed studies showed that alternative PFAS undergo bioaccumulation and cause deleterious effects such as oxidative stress, hepatoxicity, neurotoxicity, histopathological alterations, behavioral and growth abnormalities, reproductive toxicity and metabolism defects in freshwater and marine species. Regarding PFAS treatment methods, photodegradation, photocatalysis, and adsorption showed promising degradation approaches with efficiencies as high as 90%. Finally, research gaps and future perspectives for alternative PFAS toxicological implications and their removal were offered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  2. A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions
    Vilizzi L, Copp GH, Hill JE, Adamovich B, Aislabie L, Akin D, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Sep 20;788:147868.
    PMID: 34134389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147868
    The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a 'very high risk' of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate 'rapid' management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  3. Fulltext Marine electrical imaging reveals novel freshwater transport mechanism in Hawai'i
    Attias E, Thomas D, Sherman D, Ismail K, Constable S
    Sci Adv, 2020 Nov;6(48).
    PMID: 33239299 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4866
    Conventional hydrogeologic framework models used to compute ocean island sustainable yields and aquifer storage neglect the complexity of the nearshore and offshore submarine environment. However, the onshore aquifer at the island of Hawai'i exhibits a notable volumetric discrepancy between high-elevation freshwater recharge and coastal discharge. In this study, we present a novel transport mechanism of freshwater moving from onshore to offshore through a multilayer formation of water-saturated layered basalts with interbedded low-permeability layers of ash/soil. Marine electromagnetic imaging reveals ∼35 km of laterally continuous resistive layers that extend to at least 4 km from west of Hawai'i's coastline, containing about 3.5 km3 of freshened water. We propose that this newly found transport mechanism of fresh groundwater may be the governing mechanism in other volcanic islands. In such a scenario, volcanic islands worldwide can use these renewable offshore reservoirs, considered more resilient to climate change-driven droughts, as new water resources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  4. Fulltext Blue food demand across geographic and temporal scales
    Naylor RL, Kishore A, Sumaila UR, Issifu I, Hunter BP, Belton B, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2021 Sep 15;12(1):5413.
    PMID: 34526495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25516-4
    Numerous studies have focused on the need to expand production of 'blue foods', defined as aquatic foods captured or cultivated in marine and freshwater systems, to meet rising population- and income-driven demand. Here we analyze the roles of economic, demographic, and geographic factors and preferences in shaping blue food demand, using secondary data from FAO and The World Bank, parameters from published models, and case studies at national to sub-national scales. Our results show a weak cross-sectional relationship between per capita income and consumption globally when using an aggregate fish metric. Disaggregation by fish species group reveals distinct geographic patterns; for example, high consumption of freshwater fish in China and pelagic fish in Ghana and Peru where these fish are widely available, affordable, and traditionally eaten. We project a near doubling of global fish demand by mid-century assuming continued growth in aquaculture production and constant real prices for fish. Our study concludes that nutritional and environmental consequences of rising demand will depend on substitution among fish groups and other animal source foods in national diets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  5. Fulltext Status of the undisturbed mangroves at Brunei Bay, East Malaysia: a preliminary assessment based on remote sensing and ground-truth observations
    Satyanarayana B, M Muslim A, Izzaty Horsali NA, Mat Zauki NA, Otero V, Nadzri MI, et al.
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e4397.
    PMID: 29479500 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4397
    Brunei Bay, which receives freshwater discharge from four major rivers, namely Limbang, Sundar, Weston and Menumbok, hosts a luxuriant mangrove cover in East Malaysia. However, this relatively undisturbed mangrove forest has been less scientifically explored, especially in terms of vegetation structure, ecosystem services and functioning, and land-use/cover changes. In the present study, mangrove areal extent together with species composition and distribution at the four notified estuaries was evaluated through remote sensing (Advanced Land Observation Satellite-ALOS) and ground-truth (Point-Centred Quarter Method-PCQM) observations. As of 2010, the total mangrove cover was found to be ca. 35,183.74 ha, of which Weston and Menumbok occupied more than two-folds (58%), followed by Sundar (27%) and Limbang (15%). The medium resolution ALOS data were efficient for mapping dominant mangrove species such asNypa fruticans,Rhizophora apiculata,Sonneratia caseolaris,S. albaandXylocarpus granatumin the vicinity (accuracy: 80%). The PCQM estimates found a higher basal area at Limbang and Menumbok-suggestive of more mature vegetation, compared to Sundar and Weston. Mangrove stand structural complexity (derived from the complexity index) was also high in the order of Limbang > Menumbok > Sundar > Weston and supporting the perspective of less/undisturbed vegetation at two former locations. Both remote sensing and ground-truth observations have complementarily represented the distribution ofSonneratiaspp. as pioneer vegetation at shallow river mouths,N. fruticansin the areas of strong freshwater discharge,R. apiculatain the areas of strong neritic incursion andX. granatumat interior/elevated grounds. The results from this study would be able to serve as strong baseline data for future mangrove investigations at Brunei Bay, including for monitoring and management purposes locally at present.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  6. Fulltext Nutrient Contents of the Freshwater Crab, Isolapotamon bauense from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)
    Grinang J, Tyan PS, Tuen AA, Das I
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):75-87.
    PMID: 28890762 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.6
    Data on nutrient contents of freshwater crabs are important for ecological studies and species conservation assessments, especially when the species concerned is threatened among others by habitat destruction and uncontrolled resources utilisation. Indeed comprehensive biological information is required to reconcile the needs between sustainable resources utilisation and conservation of the species. This study documents the nutrient contents of a freshwater crab, Isolapotamon bauense which is listed as 'Vulnerable' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and also being harvested by local community for dietary supplement. Results show that muscles of the freshwater crab contain a substantial amount of nutrients in particular water content (male = 79.31 ± 2.30 %, female = 77.63 ± 0.56 %), protein (male = 77.47 ± 6.11 %, female = 63.28 ± 3.62 %), magnesium (male = 51.48 ± 16.10 mg/g, female = 39.73 ± 6.99 mg/g) and calcium (male = 25.50 ± 6.98 mg/g, female = 39.73 ± 6.99 mg/g). Means of nutrient contents between male and female crabs are not significantly different. It is estimated that an individual of I. bauense with weight range of 56-139 g contained on average of 0.35 ± 0.15 g of protein. Our estimation also shows that the number of individuals of the freshwater crab required to meet the recommended daily protein intakes of the community concerned is in the range 35-96 individuals for children, 130-188 individuals for adolescents, 171-179 individuals for men and 149-159 individuals for women. The results imply that harvesting of wild I. bauense as a source of protein supplement naturally may not be practical because of its relatively low population abundance, and conservation of the species for its ecological roles may thus be preferred.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  7. Environmental impact of non-certified versus certified (ASC) intensive Pangasius aquaculture in Vietnam, a comparison based on a statistically supported LCA
    Nhu TT, Schaubroeck T, Henriksson PJG, Bosma R, Sorgeloos P, Dewulf J
    Environ Pollut, 2016 Dec;219:156-165.
    PMID: 27814531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.006
    Pangasius production in Vietnam is widely known as a success story in aquaculture, the fastest growing global food system because of its tremendous expansion by volume, value and the number of international markets to which Pangasius has been exported in recent years. While certification schemes are becoming significant features of international fish trade and marketing, an increasing number of Pangasius producers have followed at least one of the certification schemes recognised by international markets to incorporate environmental and social sustainability practices in aquaculture, typically the Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue (PAD) scheme certified by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC). An assessment of the environmental benefit of applying certification schemes on Pangasius production, however, is still needed. This article compared the environmental impact of ASC-certified versus non-ASC certified intensive Pangasius aquaculture, using a statistically supported LCA. We focused on both resource-related (water, land and total resources) and emissions-related (global warming, acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication) categories. The ASC certification scheme was shown to be a good approach for determining adequate environmental sustainability, especially concerning emissions-related categories, in Pangasius production. However, the non-ASC certified farms, due to the large spread, the impact (e.g., water resources and freshwater eutrophication) was possibly lower for a certain farm. However, this result was not generally prominent. Further improvements in intensive Pangasius production to inspire certification schemes are proposed, e.g., making the implementation of certification schemes more affordable, well-oriented and facilitated; reducing consumed feed amounts and of the incorporated share in fishmeal, especially domestic fishmeal, etc. However, their implementation should be vetted with key stakeholders to assess their feasibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water/chemistry
  8. Leptospirosis in "Eco-Challenge" athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000
    Sejvar J, Bancroft E, Winthrop K, Bettinger J, Bajani M, Bragg S, et al.
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2003 Jun;9(6):702-7.
    PMID: 12781010
    Adventure travel is becoming more popular, increasing the likelihood of contact with unusual pathogens. We investigated an outbreak of leptospirosis in "Eco-Challenge" multisport race athletes to determine illness etiology and implement public health measures. Of 304 athletes, we contacted 189 (62%) from the United States and 26 other countries. Eighty (42%) athletes met our case definition. Twenty-nine (36%) case-patients were hospitalized; none died. Logistic regression showed swimming in the Segama River (relative risk [RR]=2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.3 to 3.1) to be an independent risk factor. Twenty-six (68%) of 38 case-patients tested positive for leptospiral antibodies. Taking doxycycline before or during the race was protective (RR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2 to 1.2) for the 20 athletes who reported using it. Increased adventure travel may lead to more frequent exposure to leptospires, and preexposure chemoprophylaxis for leptospirosis (200 mg oral doxycycline/week) may decrease illness risk. Efforts are needed to inform adventure travel participants of unique infections such as leptospirosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water/microbiology
  9. Fulltext Pond sludge and increased pH cause early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) in cultured white shrimp
    Akazawa, Noriaki, Eguchi, Mitsuru
    Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2017;1(1):92-96.
    MyJurnal
    Microcosm experiments simulating the occurrence of early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) in white shrimp production ponds were performed in 30-L aquariums. Healthy white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were reared in aquariums containing EMS/AHPND-free hatchery or pond water. Raw pond sludge, collected from shrimp ponds where EMS/AHPND had occurred, was added to some test aquariums, while others were treated with sterilized pond sludge. In some aquariums, water pH was increased from 7.5 to 8.8. Microcosms with stable pH (around 7.5) and/or autoclaved sludge served as controls. The combination of raw sludge and increased pH induced EMS/AHPND and killed white shrimp, whereas raw sludge/stable pH and autoclaved sludge/increased pH combinations did not affect healthy shrimp. Thus, EMS/AHPND outbreaks are due not only to the causative agent but also to environmental stresses such as pH fluctuation. These findings contribute to improved management in shrimp production farms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  10. Fulltext An Assessment of Heavy Metals Toxicity in Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea, from Mekong River, Pa Sak River, and Lopburi River, Thailand
    Sow AY, Dee KH, Lee SW, Eh Rak AAL
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2019;2019:1615298.
    PMID: 31379469 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1615298
    High population density and economic development attributing to the changes in water quality in Pa Sak River, Lopburi River, and Mekong River have attracted great attention. This research aimed to determine the pollution of heavy metals in collected clams at three different study sites. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) may be likely to cause serious health effects on human beings. The clams sampled from three different rivers (Mekong, Pa Sak, and Lopburi) from Thailand were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb) with an air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Among the heavy metals studied, Zn was recorded as having the highest concentration (127.33-163.65 μg/g) among the three rivers. The observed mean concentration of Cu was in the range of 84.61-127.15 μg/g followed by Mn (13.96-100.63 μg/g), Cr (5.79-15.00 μg/g), Pb (3.43-8.55 μg/g), and Cd (0.88-1.95 μg/g). Overall, Asian clam from Pa Sak River was found to contain high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb compared to Mekong and Lopburi River.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  11. Effects of different light source and media on growth and production of phycobiliprotein from freshwater cyanobacteria
    Khatoon H, Kok Leong L, Abdu Rahman N, Mian S, Begum H, Banerjee S, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2018 Feb;249:652-658.
    PMID: 29091850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.052
    The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different light sources and media (wastewater and BBM) on the growth of Pseudanabaena mucicola and its phycobiliprotein production. Results showed that P. mucicola grown in white light using wastewater as medium attributed higher biomass (0.55 g L-1) and when extracted with water, also showed significantly higher (P water can be food grade natural blue pigment. Moreover, cyanobacteria grown in wastewater could cut down the production cost of phycobiliprotein.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water*
  12. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis of several freshwater fishes of Malaysia
    Japning, J.R.R., Esa, Y.B.
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2005;11(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The need to detect genetic variation has fueled the development of novel marker systems in fisheries biology. In this study, a simple, fast and cost effective method was used to differentiate between species of freshwater fishes focusing on Malaysian freshwater fishes by employing
    Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis of a 470-bp cytochrome b mtDNA segment. RFLP analysis using six restriction enzymes (AluI, BamHI, BsuRI, Csp61, HpaII and SalI) found variations in the digestion profile among most of the fish samples analyzed. Diagnostic digestion profiles were observed among the Hampala fishes, especially between H. macrolepidota and the other Hampala species/forms (using BsuRI and Csp61). Diagnostic digestion profiles were also detected between H.
    bimaculata Type A and Type B (using AluI, BamHI, BsuRI and SalI), supporting their status as distinct species. Additionally, unique digestion profiles were observed in other species such as Leptobarbus hosii (Csp61), Osteocheilus hasseltii (Csp61), Osteocheilus sp. (Csp61), Puntioplites bulu (Csp61), Puntius bramoides (AluI), P. sealei (AluI) and Helostoma temmincki (AluI and Csp61), which can be used as genetic markers for discriminating these species. Overall, the RFLP analysis of the cytochrome
    b mtDNA segment has proven to be a considerably effective, fast and non-expensive technique to discriminate among several freshwater fish species in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  13. Potential biomarker of phenol toxicity in freshwater fish C. mrigala: Serum cortisol, enzyme acetylcholine esterase and survival organ gill
    Muthukumaravel K, Kanagavalli V, Pradhoshini KP, Vasanthi N, Santhanabharathi B, Alam L, et al.
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2023 Jan;263:109492.
    PMID: 36283648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109492
    In this modern industrialized era of large-scale production of agrochemicals, various emerging contaminants form the main components of waste water and sludge in most of the developing countries of the world. In this concern, phenol- an inevitable and alarming chemical pollutant in aquatic ecosystem, gains a speedy access into the water bodies as an industrial by-product. Though the detrimental effects of phenol have been studied in various aspects of aquatic life, current study is an initiative to unravel the toxic effects of phenol at molecular level in Cirrhinus mrigala. Plasma cortisol level and acetylcholine esterase activity in fish was estimated by Chemiluminescent immunoassay technique and Ellman assay respectively. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to unravel the gill histopathological alterations in exposed fish. It was observed that phenol (22.32 mg/l) inhibits 50 % of acetylcholine esterase activity in brain thereby affecting the locomotion of the targeted carp. Cortisol elevated during the 7th day in exposed fish, but declined progressively on the forthcoming 21st and 28th days. Manifestations in gill encompass curling, fusion, aberrations, sloughing of gill epithelium, wider inter filamentary space and mucus coating in the primary gill filament. It concludes that the discernable deviations produced in both biochemical parameters and key organ gill can be used as a biomarker and bio-indicator respectively for assessing the existence of emerging toxicants in aquatic ecosystem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  14. Fulltext Leech in the Nose – an unusual cause of epistaxis
    Nazli Zainuddin, Nair, Prenav, Farid Razali
    Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(23):33-34.
    MyJurnal
    Leech is an uncommon nasal foreign body, which can cause epistaxis. It is an aquatic segmental
    worm living in fresh water most commonly in tropical areas. Once it is attached in the nose, it will
    secrete an anticoagulant enzyme named hirudin, and that will result in continuous bleeding more
    than from a normal wound even after it is removed. We present a case of a live leech in the nose
    that caused unilateral epistaxis in a patient with a recent history of jungle trekking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  15. Fulltext Market potential analysis for tengas (Neolissochilus sp.) in the Malaysian market
    Khai, N. X., Kusairi, M. N., Ahmad, S., Syahaneem, M. Z., Fatimah, M. A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(4):1429-1432.
    MyJurnal
    There are some signals that Malaysian marine landings are decreasing and that wild stocks have been over-fished. However, it has extensive inland water bodies which have the potentials to be developed into freshwater aquaculture sites. Tengas (Neolissochilus sp.), a freshwater type of fish, are found in abundance in Malaysia; but has not reached the commercial level in the market. This paper examines the potential of developing tengas as a commercial freshwater species. The data used in this study were obtained through primary data search from key informants and a survey. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire with Malay and Chinese languages was designed for the interviews. The study areas covered Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. From the survey, we found that tengas has potential to be taken as a food item and an ornamental fish. The wild stock of tengas in fact is also worthwhile to be conserved for agro-tourism development. Many restaurant operators are willing to invent cooking method on tengas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  16. Dickeya undicola sp. nov., a novel species for pectinolytic isolates from surface waters in Europe and Asia
    Oulghazi S, Pédron J, Cigna J, Lau YY, Moumni M, Van Gijsegem F, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2019 Aug;69(8):2440-2444.
    PMID: 31166160 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003497
    Strains 2B12T, FVG1-MFV-O17 and FVG10-MFV-A16 were isolated from fresh water samples collected in Asia and Europe. The nucleotide sequences of the gapA barcodes revealed that all three strains belonged to the same cluster within the genus Dickeya. Using 13 housekeeping genes (fusA, rpoD, rpoS, glyA, purA, groEL, gapA, rplB, leuS, recA, gyrB, infB and secY), multilocus sequence analysis confirmed the existence of a new clade. When the genome sequences of these three isolates and other Dickeya species were compared, the in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values were found to be no more than 45.50 and 91.22 %, respectively. The closest relative species was Dickeya fangzhongdai. Genome comparisons also highlighted genetic traits differentiating the new strains from D. fangzhongdai strains DSM 101947T (=CFBP 8607T) and B16. Phenotypical tests were performed to distinguish the three strains from D. fangzhongdai and other Dickeya species. The name Dickeya undicola sp. nov. is proposed with strain 2B12T (=CFBP 8650T=LMG 30903T) as the type strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water/microbiology*
  17. Fulltext Distribution and prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistance gene in Escherichia coli isolated from aquaculture and other environment
    Ng, K.H., Samuel, L., Kathleen, M.M., Leong, S.S., Felecia, C.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(4):1321-1325.
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, the aquaculture industry, particularly the production of freshwater aquaculture fish, is growing rapidly. Nevertheless, the illegal use of banned antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol in aquaculture has become a major concern in relation to the safety of consumers and also the development of drug-resistant strains in bacteria. Driven by those factors, the main intention of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of chloramphenicol resistance genes in E. coli isolated from aquaculture and other environmental waters. The respective chloramphenicol-resistance genes in the isolates were detected by multiplex PCR with four sense primers C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and one antisense primer C-R for targeting cat I, cat II, cat III and cat IV genes, respectively. Out of 27 E. coli isolated, 19 were resistant to chloramphenicol. Cat I, cat II, cat III and cat IV genes were detected in 19, 13, 10, and 6 of the E. coli isolates, respectively. The results of this study revealed that chloramphenicol-resistance E. coli is present in aquaculture and environmental waters, in the study area. This finding suggested that although banned, there could be illegal usage of chloramphenicol antibiotic in local aquaculture. The bacteria in aquaculture may have spread to other environmental water through disposal of aquaculture waste water to other environments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  18. What lies beneath-preventing accidental freshwater drowning in tourists
    Flaherty GT
    J Travel Med, 2018 05 01;25(1).
    PMID: 29860444 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tay038
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  19. Geochemical behaviour and risk assessment of trace elements in a tropical river, Northwest Borneo
    Prabakaran K, Eswaramoorthi S, Nagarajan R, Anandkumar A, Franco FM
    Chemosphere, 2020 Aug;252:126430.
    PMID: 32200178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126430
    By convention, dissolved trace elements in the river water are considered to be the fraction that passes through a 0.45 μm filter. However, several researchers have considered filtration cut-off other than 0.45 μm for the separation of dissolved trace elements from particulate fraction. Recent research indicated that trace elements could exist in particulate form as colloids and natural nanoparticles. Moreover, the trace elements in the continental dust (aerosols) constitute a significant component in their geochemical cycling. Due to their high mobility, the trace elements in the micron and sub-micron scale have biogeochemical significance in the coastal zone. In this context, this study focuses on the highly mobile fraction of trace elements in particulates (<11 μm) and dissolved form in the Lower Baram River. A factor model utilizing trace elements in the dissolved and mobile phase in the particulates (<11 μm) along with water column characteristics and the partition coefficient (Kd) of the trace elements indicated a more significant role for manganese oxyhydroxides in trace element transport. Perhaps, iron oxyhydroxides play a secondary role. The factor model further illustrated the dissolution of aluminium and authigenic clay formation. Except for Fe and Al, the contamination risk of mobile trace elements in particulates (<11 μm) together with dissolved form are within the permissible limits of the Malaysian water quality standards during monsoon (MON) and postmonsoon (POM) seasons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
  20. The protective effect of nano calcium produced from freshwater clam shells on the histopathological overview of the liver and kidneys of mice exposed to mercury toxins
    Srie Rahayu SY, Aminingsih T, Fudholi A
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022 May;71:126963.
    PMID: 35231878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126963
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Freshwater clam shells nanoparticles powder is one of the uses of freshwater clams that can manufacture instant granular mineral supplements. This product can be used as a supplement to detoxify heavy metal toxins, such as Mercury. Mercury is an element that is detectable in all environmental media. Adults and children receive the most Mercury from food, air, and water intake. The majority of Mercury in the environment comes from the waste from mining activities and the metal industry. Mercury was found widely in the biosphere and is known as a dangerous hepatotoxicant. This study aimed to describe the hepatoprotective role of nano minerals (Ca, Mg, and Zn) produced from freshwater clam shells against mercury acetate poisoning in mice.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mice were divided randomly into a control group (aqua bidest and mercury acetate) and an experimental group for this purpose. The experimental mice group was given orally nano Ca supplementation in three dose groups (9 mg, 18 mg, and 27 mg/200 g animal body weight) once a day for 21 consecutive days. The mice are then given mercury acetate (1300 µg/200 g animal body weight intraperitoneally) on the 21st day. One hour after giving the nano Ca supplement, the mice's blood was taken. Liver and kidney were autopsied two days later to check quantitative and qualitative changes caused by mercury concentrations in liver and kidney histopathologies.

    RESULTS: The results demonstrated the importance of nano Ca supplementation before mercury acetate induction, which has been shown to reduce necrotic depletion and hepatocyte degeneration.

    CONCLUSION: Nano Ca supplementation has decreased the concentration of Hg in the blood of mice so that it can be used as a potential health supplement to detoxify mercury toxins.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fresh Water
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