Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 287 in total

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  1. Hepatocellular carcinoma: A local registry on risk factors, imaging patterns, treatment strategies and overall survival
    Raja M, Yaacob Y, Wong Z, Chik I
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):151-156.
    PMID: 33742621
    INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the common death-causing cancers worldwide. This liver malignancy is primarily diagnosed using radiological imaging techniques. Most of the patients in Malaysia present late and were diagnosed at an intermediate or advanced stage of Barcelona Clinic of Liver Cancer (BCLC). This causes a limitation on the treatment options for the patients.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective crosssectional study of HCC cases within a five-year period in our center with data collected from Hospital Canselor Tunku Mukhriz (HCTM). This study examines the HCC risk factors, the pattern of diagnosis, treatment options and overall survival.

    RESULTS: The findings from this study showed that viral hepatitis was the highest risk factor in which most of the patients were elderly males who presented with abdominal distension. In addition, given the high prevalence of metabolic diseases Malaysia, it is predicted that the number of non-alcoholic steatohepatosis (NASH)-related HCC cases might increase. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) proved to have no significant role in the detection of the disease. The number of patients detected at early BCLC was minimal, resulting in limited options of treatment. Overall survival of our HCC patients was poor at 17 months.

    CONCLUSION: We conclude that HCC patients in HCTM mostly presented at late stage to hospital, hence limiting the treatment options and resulted in poor survival rate. Disease awareness should be implemented at primary care level to detect HCC at its early stage. Subsequently, a multidisciplinary hospital team is required to manage the disease at its different stages of presentation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
  2. In vivo antitumour properties of tribenzyltin carboxylates in a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model: Enhanced efficacy by PLGA nanoparticles
    Anasamy T, Chee CF, Kiew LV, Chung LY
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2020 Jan 15;142:105140.
    PMID: 31704345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105140
    This study reports the in vivo performance of two tribenzyltin carboxylate complexes, tri(4-fluorobenzyl)tin[(N,N-diisopropylcarbamothioyl)sulfanyl]acetate (C1) and tribenzyltin isonicotinate (C9), in their native form as well as in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoformulation, to assess their potential to be translated into clinically useful agents. In a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model, single intravenous administration of C1 (2.7 mg/kg) and C9 (2.1 mg/kg; 2.1 mg/kg C9 is equivalent to 2.7 mg/kg C1) induced greater tumour growth delay than cisplatin and doxorubicin at equivalent doses, while a double-dose regimen demonstrated a much greater tumour growth delay than the single-dose treated groups. To improve the efficacy of the complexes in vivo, C1 and C9 were further integrated into PLGA nanoparticles to yield nanosized PLGA-C1 (183.7 ± 0.8 nm) and PLGA-C9 (163.2 ± 1.2 nm), respectively. Single intravenous administration of PLGA-C1 (2.7 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (2.1 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced greater tumour growth delay (33% reduction in the area under curve compared to that of free C1 and C9). Multiple-dose administration of PLGA-C1 (5.4 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (4.2 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced tumour growth suppression at the end of the study (21.7 and 34.6% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the double-dose regimen; 73.5 and 79.0% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the triple-dose regimen, respectively). Such tumour growth suppression was not observed in mice receiving multiple-dose regimens of free C1 and C9. Histopathological analysis revealed that metastasis to the lung and liver was inhibited in mice receiving PLGA-C1 and PLGA-C9. The current study has demonstrated the improved in vivo antitumour efficacies of C1 and C9 compared with conventional chemotherapy drugs and the enhancement of the efficacies of these agents via a robust PLGA-based nanoformulation and multiple-drug administration approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
  3. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report
    Khoo JJ, Clouston A
    Malays J Pathol, 2001 Dec;23(2):115-8.
    PMID: 12166592
    A 6-year-old Malay boy presented with fever and abdominal pain for 2 months. Computerised tomography showed a nodular mass in the left lobe of the liver. There was also portal vein thrombosis on the left side. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was not elevated and Hepatitis B antigen was negative. Biopsy of the liver mass led to a histological diagnosis of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. In view of extensive tumour involvement, he could not be operated on but was treated with chemotherapy. However, the tumour did not respond. While this is expected for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, the possibility of the tumour having a component of ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma could not be excluded as the tumour was not resected. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare histological subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma, associated with a better prognosis. It affects the younger age group and has no association with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus infection or exposure to oral contraceptives, all of which are implicated in ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum alpha-fetoprotein level is usually within normal limits and other laboratory values are not contributory to the diagnosis. The diagnosis is usually suggested by radiographic studies viz. CT scan of the abdomen, which would show an irregular non-homogenous mass in the liver, and confirmed by histological examination. The most characteristic microscopical feature is fibrosis arranged in a lamellar fashion around polygonal and deeply eosinophilic neoplastic hepatocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/pathology*; Liver Neoplasms/radiography; Liver Neoplasms/ultrasonography
  4. A case report: metastatic choriocarcinoma to the gum
    Shafiee MN, Ismail NM, Shan LP, Kampan N, Omar MH, Dali HM
    Sex Reprod Healthc, 2011 Apr;2(2):91-2.
    PMID: 21439527 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2011.02.001
    Choriocarcinoma is a rare neoplasia with a tendency of distant metastasis although highly sensitive to chemotherapy renders a good prognosis and outcome. Lungs, liver and cerebral metastasis are commonly implicated with maxillofacial region rarely involved. We illustrate a case of overwhelming metastatic choriocarcinoma to lungs, liver, brain and to the extreme of gum metastasis. Decompressive craniectomy for intracranial bleeding, multiple transfusions to correct anaemia and coagulopathy were done before high-risk-regime chemotherapy. Despite this, due to fulminant multi-organs involvement she finally succumbed to death. In conclusion, gum bleeding in choriocarcinoma may suggest metastasis and poor prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/secondary
  5. Anticholesterol activity of anacardium occidentale linn. Does it involve in reverse cholesterol transport?
    Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan, Ihsan Safwan Kamarazaman, Nur Zalikha Mohd Taza, Rasadah Mat Ali, Mohd Shahidan Mohd Arshad, Zamree Md Shah, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1501-1510.
    Anacardium occidentale belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. It had been scientifically proven to have antihypercholesterolemia effect in high cholesterol diet induced animal laboratory study. However there is no study regarding the mechanisms involves in cholesterol reducing effect by A. occidentale leaves extract. In this study, cytotoxic assessment and anti-cholesterol activity of A. occidentale leaves aqueous extract (AOE) were investigated. Cytotoxic study was performed by exposing hepatoma cell (Hep G2) towards AOE with concentration ranging from 0.002 to 20 mg/mL for 24 h. Anacardium occidentale extract was found to be not toxic to the cell. Then, the highest and not toxic AOE concentrations (20, 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/mL) were selected for anti-cholesterol study. The ability of AOE to reduce cholesterol in cell culture experiment was carried out by pretreating Hep G2 with selected concentrations of AOE in 6-well plate before the cell was exposed to low density lipoprotein (LDL). The concentration of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT1), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL R), scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) and hepatic lipase (HL) were determined from the 6-well plate media. The results showed that AOE did not significantly increase the concentration of LDLR. However, AOE significantly increased the concentration of FDFT1, APO A1, LCAT, SRB-1, ABCA-1 and HL. The HMGR activity experiment showed that all selected AOE concentrations cannot significantly reduce the HMGR enzyme activity. These findings suggested that AOE may involve in reverse cholesterol transport process to reduce cholesterol metabolism in Hep G2 cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
  6. Potential anticancer effect of red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) extract
    Sani HA, Rahmat A, Ismail M, Rosli R, Endrini S
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2004;13(4):396-400.
    PMID: 15563447
    The objective of this study was to determine the anti cancer effects of red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus Linn) in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro study, microtitration cytotoxic assay was done using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenil tetrazolium bromide (MTT) kit assay. Results showed that aqueous extract of A gangeticus inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The IC(50) values were 93.8 mu g/ml and 98.8 mu g/ml for HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively. The inhibitory effect was also observed in colon cancer cell line (Caco-2), but a lower percentage compared to HepG2 and MCF-7. For normal cell line (Chang Liver), there was no inhibitory effect. In the in vivo study, hepatocarcinogenesis was monitored in rats according to Solt and Farber (1976) without partial hepatectomy. Assay of tumour marker enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uridyl diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were carried out to determine the severity of hepatocarcinogenesis. The result found that supplementation of 5%, 7.5% and 10% of A. gangeticus aqueous extract to normal rats did not show any significant difference towards normal control (P <0.05). The exposure of the rats to chemical carcinogens diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) showed a significant increase in specific enzyme activity of GGT, GST, UDPGT and ALP compared to normal control (P <0.05). However, it was found that the supplementation of A. gangeticus aqueous extract in 5%, 7.5% and 10% to cancer-induced rats could inhibit the activity of all tumour marker enzymes especially at 10% (P <0.05). Supplementation of anti cancer drug glycyrrhizin at suggested dose (0.005%) did not show any suppressive effect towards cancer control (P <0.05). In conclusion, A. gangeticus showed anticancer potential in in vitro and in vivo studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control*
  7. Strobilanthes crispus Juice Concentrations and Anticancer Effects on DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
    Hussin F, Eshkoor SA, Rahmat A, Othman F, Akim A, Eshak Z
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(14):6047-53.
    PMID: 26320494
    BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its prevalence is increasing in many countries. Plant products can be used to protect against cancer due to natural anticancer and chemopreventive constituents. Strobilanthes crispus is one of plants with potential chemopreventive ability.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of Strobilanthes crispus juice on hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: MTT assays, flow cytometry, comet assays and the reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine the effects of juice on DNA damage and cancer cell numbers.

    RESULTS: This juice induced apoptosis after exposure of the HepG2 cell line for 72 h. High percentages of apoptotic cell death and DNA damage were seen at the juice concentrations above 0.1%. It was found that the juice was not toxic for normal cells. In addition, juice exposure increased the expression level of c-myc gene and reduced the expression level of c-fos and c-erbB2 genes in HepG2 cells. The cytotoxic effects of juice on abnormal cells were in dose dependent.

    CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the Strobilanthes crispus juice may have chemopreventive effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy; Liver Neoplasms/genetics; Liver Neoplasms/pathology*
  8. Fulltext Anticancer Molecular Mechanism of Protocatechuic Acid Loaded on Folate Coated Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Delivery System in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Buskaran K, Bullo S, Hussein MZ, Masarudin MJ, Mohd Moklas MA, Fakurazi S
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 09;14(4).
    PMID: 33572054 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040817
    Liver cancer is listed as the fifth-ranked cancer, responsible for 9.1% of all cancer deaths globally due to its assertive nature and poor survival rate. To overcome this obstacle, efforts have been made to ensure effective cancer therapy via nanotechnology utilization. Recent studies have shown that functionalized graphene oxide (GO)-loaded protocatechuic acid has shown some anticancer activities in both passive and active targeting. The nanocomposites' physicochemical characterizations were conducted. A lactate dehydrogenase experiment was conducted to estimate the severity of cell damage. Subsequently, a clonogenic assay was carried out to examine the colony-forming ability during long-term exposure of the nanocomposites. The Annexin V/ propidium iodide analysis showed that nanocomposites induced late apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Following the intervention of nanocomposites, cell cycle arrest was ascertained at G2/M phase. There was depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and an upregulation of reactive oxygen species when HepG2 cells were induced by nanocomposites. Finally, the proteomic profiling array and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins induced by graphene oxide conjugated PEG loaded with protocatechuic acid drug folic acid coated nanocomposite (GOP-PCA-FA) in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, GOP-PCA-FA nanocomposites treated HepG2 cells exhibited significant anticancer activities with less toxicity compared to pristine protocatechuic acid and GOP-PCA nanocomposites, due to the utilization of a folic acid-targeting nanodrug delivery system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
  9. Fulltext Morphological Changes and Cellular Uptake of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Loaded with Protocatechuic Acid and Folic Acid in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer Cell
    Buskaran K, Hussein MZ, Mohd Moklas MA, Fakurazi S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Aug 16;21(16).
    PMID: 32824281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165874
    The development of nanocomposites has swiftly changed the horizon of drug delivery systems in defining a new platform. Major understanding of the interaction of nanocomposites with cells and how the interaction influences intracellular uptake is an important aspect to study in order to ensure successful utilisation of the nanocomposites. Studies have suggested that the nanocomposites' ability to permeate into biological cells is attributable to their well-defined physicochemical properties with nanoscale size, which is relevant to the nanoscale components of biology and cellular organelles. The functionalized graphene oxide coated with polyethylene glycol, loaded with protocatechuic acid and folic acid (GOP-PCA-FA) nanocomposite intracellular uptake was analysed using transmission electron microscope. The accumulation of fluorescent-labelled nanocomposites in the HepG2 cell was also analysed using a fluorescent microscope. In vitro cellular uptake showed that there was uptake of the drug from 24 h into the cells and the release study using fluorescently tagged nanocomposite demonstrated that release and accumulation were observed at 24 h and 48 h. Moreover, the migration ability of tumor cells is a key step in tumor progression which was observed 48 h after treatment. The GOP serves as a potential nanocarrier system which is capable of improving the therapeutic efficacy of drugs and biomolecules in medical as well as pharmaceutical applications through the enhanced intracellular release and accumulation of the encapsulated drugs. Nonetheless, it is essential to analyse the translocation of our newly developed GOP-PCA-FA, and its efficiency for drug delivery, effective cellular uptake, and abundant intracellular accumulation would be compromised by possible untoward side effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/metabolism*
  10. Fulltext Graphene Oxide Loaded with Protocatechuic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid Dual Drug Nanodelivery System for Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapeutic Application
    Buskaran K, Hussein MZ, Moklas MAM, Masarudin MJ, Fakurazi S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 May 28;22(11).
    PMID: 34071389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115786
    Hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma is a primary malignant neoplasm that responsible for 75-90% of all liver cancer in humans. Nanotechnology introduced the dual drug nanodelivery method as one of the initiatives in nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Graphene oxide (GO) loaded with protocatechuic acid (PCA) and chlorogenic acid (CA) have shown some anticancer activities in both passive and active targeting. The physicochemical characterizations for nanocomposites were conducted. Cell cytotoxicity assay and lactate dehydrogenase were conducted to estimate cell cytotoxicity and the severity of cell damage. Next, nanocomposite intracellular drug uptake was analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. The accumulation and localization of fluorescent-labelled nanocomposite in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. Subsequently, Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide analysis showed that nanocomposites induced late apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cell cycle arrest was ascertained at the G2/M phase. There was the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and an upregulation of reactive oxygen species when HepG2 cells were induced by nanocomposites. In conclusion, HepG2 cells treated with a graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol (GOP)-PCA/CA-FA dual drug nanocomposite exhibited significant anticancer activities with less toxicity compared to pristine protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and GOP-PCA/CA nanocomposite, may be due to the utilization of a folic acid-targeting nanodrug delivery system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/metabolism; Liver Neoplasms/pathology
  11. Use of tryptic peptide MALDI mass spectrometry imaging to identify the spatial proteomic landscape of colorectal cancer liver metastases
    Li CMY, Briggs MT, Lee YR, Tin T, Young C, Pierides J, et al.
    Clin Exp Med, 2024 Mar 16;24(1):53.
    PMID: 38492056 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01311-5
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CRC liver metastases (CRLM) are often resistant to conventional treatments, with high rates of recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biomarkers for CRLM patients that predict cancer progression. This study utilised matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to spatially map the CRLM tumour proteome. CRLM tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 84 patients were analysed using tryptic peptide MALDI-MSI to spatially monitor peptide abundances across CRLM tissues. Abundance of peptides was compared between tumour vs stroma, male vs female and across three groups of patients based on overall survival (0-3 years, 4-6 years, and 7+ years). Peptides were then characterised and matched using LC-MS/MS. A total of 471 potential peptides were identified by MALDI-MSI. Our results show that two unidentified m/z values (1589.876 and 1092.727) had significantly higher intensities in tumours compared to stroma. Ten m/z values were identified to have correlation with biological sex. Survival analysis identified three peptides (Histone H4, Haemoglobin subunit alpha, and Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2) and two unidentified m/z values (1305.840 and 1661.060) that were significantly higher in patients with shorter survival (0-3 years relative to 4-6 years and 7+ years). This is the first study using MALDI-MSI, combined with LC-MS/MS, on a large cohort of CRLM patients to identify the spatial proteome in this malignancy. Further, we identify several protein candidates that may be suitable for drug targeting or for future prognostic biomarker development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms*
  12. Comparison of the expression of beta-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma in areas with high and low levels of exposure to aflatoxin B1
    Chen Ban K, Singh H, Krishnan R, Fong Seow H
    J Surg Oncol, 2004 Jun 1;86(3):157-63.
    PMID: 15170655
    Previous studies showed that the frequency of beta-catenin mutation was different in mice when induced by different chemicals. The aim of this study is to compare the expression of beta-catenin and p53 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from areas with exposure to high and low levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/genetics; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism*; Liver Neoplasms/pathology
  13. Fulltext Case Report-Staged brachytherapy achieving complete metabolic response in unresectable oligometastatic colorectal cancer to the liver
    Appalanaido GK, Bahajjaj SIBZ, Shukor SA, Ahmad MZ, Francis HCH
    Oxf Med Case Reports, 2021 Apr;2021(4):omab016.
    PMID: 33948189 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omab016
    Liver is the most common site for metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC). Non-surgical treatment options for oligometastatic CRC confined to the liver which represents an intermediate state in the metastatic cascade are fast expanding. Currently, several liver-directed local therapeutic options are available, such as hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy, radio-frequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), stereotactic body radiotherapy and high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRBT). Many factors such as patient's fitness, liver function (LF), tumour size, location of the tumour in the liver and scheduling of systemic therapy need to be considered when selecting patients for surgery or local liver-directed therapy. This case report illustrates a successful local treatment with staged HDRBT for a large and unresectable, liver only oligometastatic disease from CRC. This patient underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy (FOLFOX 4) followed by primary tumour resection and first stage of HDRBT to liver for a residual 14 cm tumour after the chemotherapy. After completing a further 4 cycles of chemotherapy with the same regimen, the tumour remained stable at 8 cm. She underwent a second stage of HDRBT to the same lesion and a repeat PET-CT scan done 8 weeks after the second HDRBT showed complete metabolic response. To our knowledge, this is the largest CRC metastatic liver lesion that has been successfully treated with HDRB.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
  14. Cellular assessment of the extract of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) as a potential cytoprotective agent for the human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line
    Abu Bakar MF, Mohamed M, Rahmat A, Burr SA, Fry JR
    Food Chem, 2013 Jan 1;136(1):18-25.
    PMID: 23017387 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.099
    This study was conducted to investigate the potential of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) fruit extracts in the protection against oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line. Proteins which might be involved in the cytoprotective mechanism were investigated using western blotting technique. Quercetin was used as a positive control. The results showed that only the kernel extract of M. pajang and quercetin displayed cytoprotective activity in HepG2 cells, with EC(50) values of 1.2 and 5.3μg/ml, respectively. Expression of quinone reductase, glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase A proteins were significantly up-regulated by quercetin, suggesting their involvement in the cytoprotective activity of quercetin. However, expressions of only glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase A proteins were significantly up-regulated by the kernel extract, again suggesting their involvement in the cytoprotective activity of bambangan kernel extract. Future study is needed to investigate the involvement of other cytoprotective proteins in the cytoprotection mechanism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/enzymology*; Liver Neoplasms/genetics; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
  15. Fulltext Radioimmunoassay of serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with different maliganant tumors
    Lie-Injo LE, Caldwell J, Ganesan S, Ganesan J
    Cancer, 1976 Jul;38(1):341-5.
    PMID: 59626 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142%28197607%2938%3A1<341%3A%3AAID-C
    The level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in 153 normal healthy Malysians of different ethnic groups. The mean level was 7.5 In1/ml (SD 2.28InU/ml). Among 330 patients with malignant tumors, 11 had increased levels of AFP. The only patient who had hepatoma had a very high level of serum AFP. High levels were also found in three of four patients with dysgerminoma of the ovary, in the only two patients with carcinoma of the testis, and in one patient with secondary carcinoma of the humerus of unknown origin. Lower, but significantly increased levels were observed in one patient (of 48) with breast carcinoma, one patient (of 8) with basal cell carcinoma of the nose, one patient (0f 27) with carcinoma of the lung, and one patient (of 59) with nasopharynegeal carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/blood
  16. 5'-Nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme-V in health, in cancer, and in viral hepatitis
    Lei-Injo LE, Tsou KC, Lo KW, Lopez CG, Balasegaram M, Ganesan S
    Cancer, 1980 Feb 15;45(4):795-8.
    PMID: 6244075
    An abnormal, fast-moving 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme was found in 90.0% of 20 Malaysian patients with primary hepatoma and in 23.5% of 391 Malaysian patients with various malignant diseases; it was also discovered in 42.9% of 14 Malaysian and American patients with clinically active hepatitis B infection; in 16.7% of 18 healthy American blood bank donors who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); in 13.9% of 287 healthy Malaysian blood bank donors, some positive for HBsAg; and in none of 160 healthy American donors who were negative for HBsAg. A correlation of this abnormal isozyme with hepatoma and with infectious hepatitis B is clearly evident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
  17. 10H-3,6-Diazaphenothiazine-Induced, Caspases-Mediated Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis on HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Suppressed Cancer Cells Invasion via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase Enzymatic Activities
    Wang Y, Gao F, Ooi KK, Tai Q, Zhang J, Zhu Y, et al.
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2019;38(4):297-311.
    PMID: 32464002 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2019030482
    Early development of liver cancer is usually asymptomatic. The overall survival rate of patients is relatively low due to late diagnosis, despite hepatocellular carcinoma being a common diagnosis. The high mortality rate of liver cancer was due to its overactivated cellular mitochondrial activities, namely thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activities and its downstream activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways for cancer cell migration. Our previous study on this candidate compound on A2780 ovarian cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, through modulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and respective targeted apoptosis pathways. The current study used HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines as a representative in vitro liver cancer cell model. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was obtained via incubation of PTZ compound for 24 h yield of 37.03 μM, whereby it was three-fold more potent than the standard control tested, cisplatin (109.23 μM). The subsequent application of IC50 dosage of PTZ onto HepG2 cells illustrated a growth-static effect via activation of S-phase cell-cycle checkpoints, immediately followed by regulation of apoptosis. Increased cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species eventually generated oxidative damages on mitochondria, hence resulting in the release of cytochrome c protein and suppression of TrxR enzymatic activity, in conjunction with the suppression on invasion of cancer cells via Matrigel invasion chamber. In conclusion, PTZ was hypothesized to act effectively on mitochondria of HepG2 cells; hence it should proceed into detailed drug targeting mechanism research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/enzymology; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism*
  18. Composite mucinous and granulosa-theca-cell tumour of the ovary: an unusual neoplasm
    Chandran R, Rahman H, Gebbie D
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1993 Nov;33(4):437-9.
    PMID: 8179566
    This case represents a unique primary ovarian tumour consisting of malignant mucinous elements and granulosa-theca-cell elements, the histogenesis of which remains uncertain. It also underscores the need for thorough sampling of mucinous tumours in order to discover a possible coexisting, different neoplastic component.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/pathology; Liver Neoplasms/secondary
  19. Fulltext Transarterial embolisation of hepatocellular carcinoma with doxorubicin-eluting beads: single centre early experience
    Nawawi O, Hazman M, Abdullah B, Vijayananthan A, Manikam J, Mahadeva S, et al.
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 Jan-Mar;6(1):e7.
    PMID: 21611067 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.1.e7
    This is a retrospective study to evaluate the results of our early experience of using doxorubicin eluting beads (DEB) to treat patients with early and intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
  20. Fulltext Chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer
    Wong Ch, Goh K
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e7.
    PMID: 21614253 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e7
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most well recognised human carcinogens. Since its discovery about 40 years ago, HBV has been studied extensively. This article summarises the evidence derived from various studies including epidemiological, animal model, histopathology studies and molecular genetics studies leading to the establishment of HBV as the main aetiological agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The reduction in the incidence of childhood HCC due to mass hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan is a dramatic demonstration of the critical aetiological role of hepatitis B in HCC. Thus it is essential for interventionalists to understand the epidemiological and pathogenesis of HCC to ensure optimal patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
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