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MDM2 SNP309 does not confer an increased risk to oral squamous cell carcinoma but may modulate the age of disease onset

Hamid S, Yang YH, Peng KN, Ismail SM, Zain RB, Lim KP, et al.

Oral Oncol, 2009 Jun;45(6):496-500.
PMID: 18804411 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.06.003

The MDM2 SNP309 has been associated with increased expression of the protein which could suppress p53 function, and has been shown to modulate risk to cancer. We have previously shown that overexpression of MDM2 is a common event in oral cancers. In the present study, we determined the association between the MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and oral cancer in 207 oral cancer patients and 116 normal subjects. We genotyped the MDM2 SNP309 by PCR-RFLP. Logistic regression was adapted to calculate odds ratios for MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism from univariate and multivariable adjusted models. Our results suggest that MDM2 SNP309 does not confer increased risk to oral cancer (OR=1.55, 95% CI=0.77-3.11). However, the GG/TG genotype was associated with later disease onset in women above 55 years of age. Collectively, our data suggests that MDM2 SNP309 may modulate the risk to oral cancer and is a modifier of the age at oral cancer onset in women above the age of 55 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Association of ABO blood group B with myocardial infarction

Sheikh MK, Bahari MB, Yusoff NM, Knight A

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2009 Aug;19(8):514-7.
PMID: 19651016 DOI: 08.2009/JCPSP.514517

The purpose of this study was to find out the association between blood group B and Myocardial Infarction (MI) in sample population in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Bed sharing among mother-infant pairs in Klang district, Peninsular Malaysia and its relationship to breast-feeding

Tan KL

J Dev Behav Pediatr, 2009 Oct;30(5):420-5.
PMID: 19827222 DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181ba083a

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of mother-infant bed sharing in Klang district, Peninsular Malaysia and to identify factors associated with bed sharing.

METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study involving 682 mother-infant pairs with infants up to 6 months attending government clinics in Klang district, Peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a pretested structured questionnaire for a 4-month period in 2006. Data regarding maternal, paternal, obstetric, infant, occupancy, breast-feeding characteristics, and bed-sharing practice were collected. Data on bed sharing were based on practice in the past 1-month period. Bed sharing was defined as an infant sharing a bed with mother, and infant must be within arms reach from the mother, whereas a bed was defined as either a sleeping mattress placed on a bed frame or placed on the floor. The prevalence of bed sharing was estimated. Relationship and magnitude of association between independent factors and bed sharing were examined using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors.

RESULTS: The prevalence of bed sharing among mothers with infants aged between 1 and 6 months was 73.5% (95% confidence interval: 70.0-76.7). In multivariate analysis, urban/rural differences, mothers' ethnicity, occupation, family income, husbands' support on bed sharing, number of children younger than 12 years staying in the house, and breast-feeding were associated with bed sharing.

CONCLUSIONS: These factors need to be considered in analyzing the overall risks and benefits of bed sharing, paying attention to breastfeeding practices.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Variants of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2 gene are not risk factors associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Wong FL, Boo NY, Ainoon O, Wang MK

Malays J Pathol, 2009 Dec;31(2):99-104.
PMID: 20514852 MyJurnal

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of four variants of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2 (OATP2) gene, and their association with severe hyperbilirubinemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice on breastfeeding in Klang, Malaysia

Tan KL

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(1):17-21.
MyJurnal

Introduction: In Klang, a district in the state of Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia, the effects of westernization and urbanization in recent years have had an impact on infant feeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice, knowledge and attitude to breastfeeding and to assess factors associated with breastfeeding among women in Klang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and October 2006 involving 220 women with infants aged six months from two randomly selected health clinics were selected and interviewed. Data on socio-demographic, infant factors, infant feeding in the first six months of life, knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding were collected. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by 32.8%, mixed feeding was reported by 14.5% and infant formula feeding was reported by 52.7% of the respondents. Chinese women were more likely not to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to Malay women (odds ratio 18.27, 95% CI: 3.95, 84.54) while working women were more likely not to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to non working women (odds ratio 3.75, 95% CI: 1.64 , 8.55). Positive association with not exclusive breastfeeding included women with high household income and women with male infants. Malaysian women had a positive attitude but work place and short maternity leave had a negative impact on breastfeeding. Conclusion: Women of Chinese ethnicity, working, from high family income and with male infants were less likely to exclusively breastfeed. Adopting facilitatory measures at hospitals and work place could increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext The prevalence of obesity among clinical students in a Malaysian medical school

Boo NY, Chia GJ, Wong LC, Chew RM, Chong W, Loo RC

Singapore Med J, 2010 Feb;51(2):126-32.
PMID: 20358151

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among medical students and its relationship with their dietary intake and physical activities.
METHODS:This observational study was carried out on 240 medical students during the clinical phase of their medical course in a private medical school. Their body weight and height were measured, and a standardised questionnaire was used to collect information on their physical activities and dietary intake.
RESULTS: The median body weight of the participants was 59.0 kg (interquartile range: 51.3-66.8), the mean body height was 166.1 cm (standard deviation [SD] 8.5 cm), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.4 kg/m2). Based on the World Health Organization BMI cut-offs for the Asian population, 30.1 percent (n is equal to 72) of the students were overweight or obese, with a BMI that was equal to or greater than 23.0 kg/m2. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for various potential confounders, the only significant risk factors associated with overweight/obesity among these students were: male gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.1; 95 percent confidence intervals [CI] of 1.1 and 4.1; p is equal to 0.03), Malay ethnic group (adjusted OR 2.4; 95 percent CI 1.0 and 5.7; p is equal to 0.04), Indian ethnic group (adjusted OR 3.6; 95 percent CI 1.5 and 8.9; p is equal to 0.005), and the number of soft drinks consumed per week (adjusted OR 1.3; 95 percent CI 1.0 and 1.5; p is equal to 0.02). Skipping breakfast, the frequency of physical exercise per week, the number of hours of sleep per day, and eating noodles or roti canai (a type of Malaysian pancake) for breakfast were not significant risk factors.
CONCLUSION: Obesity remains a common problem among medical students in their clinical years.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Factors associated with poor academic achievement among urban primary school children in Malaysia

Ong LC, Chandran V, Lim YY, Chen AH, Poh BK

Singapore Med J, 2010 Mar;51(3):247-52.
PMID: 20428748

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor academic achievement during the early school years.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Perceptions of intimidation and bullying in dental schools: a multi-national study

Rowland ML, Naidoo S, AbdulKadir R, Moraru R, Huang B, Pau A

Int Dent J, 2010 Apr;60(2):106-12.
PMID: 20476716

OBJECTIVES: To determine first year dental students' perceptions of intimidation by instructors and bullying by fellow students.
METHODS: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of first year dental students from seven dental schools representing five countries; one each from Romania, South Africa, Australia and the U.S.A., and three from Malaysia. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants at least six months after they had commenced their dental degree course during 2005-6.
RESULTS: Over a third (34.6%) reported that they had been intimidated or badly treated by their tutors/instructors and 17% reported that they had been bullied or badly treated by their fellow students in the recent past. There were statistically significant differences in reports of intimidation by instructors between the different dental schools. Intimidation by instructors was associated with a history of medication use for stress, anxiety and depression, and perceived stress in the past month. There were no statistically significant variations in reports of bullying by fellow students between different dental schools. Bullying by fellow students was associated with dieting to lose weight, self-reported general health and perceived stress.
CONCLUSIONS: This multi-national study highlights that intimidation and bullying is prevalent within dental teaching and training environments. Future research is needed to explore their impact on students' wellbeing and academic progress as well as on patient care.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists are the best recruiters for the profession. If the dental school experience is a negative one it can have significant impact on the future of the profession

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Variation in the prevalence, awareness, and control of diabetes in a multiethnic population: a nationwide population study in Malaysia

Rampal S, Rampal L, Rahmat R, Zain AM, Yap YG, Mohamed M, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2010 Apr;22(2):194-202.
PMID: 19443875 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509334816

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between different ethnic groups and the prevalence, awareness, and control of diabetes in Malaysia. A population-based cross-sectional study using multistage sampling was conducted in Malaysia. Diabetes is defined as having a fasting blood glucose > or =7 mmol/L or a self-reported diabetic on treatment. Among the 7683 respondents aged > or =30 years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 15.2% (95% CI = 14.1, 16.4). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with Malays, Chinese had lower odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.71; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.91) and Indians had higher odds of having diabetes (aOR 1.54; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.98). The odds of diabetes increased with age, family history of diabetes, body mass index, and lower education levels. Among those with diabetes mellitus, 45.0% were aware and 42.7% were under treatment. Among treated diabetics, 25.1% had their fasting blood sugar under control. There is a significant association between prevalence of diabetes and different ethnic groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection among Aborigines (the Orang Asli) in the northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia

Rahim AA, Lee YY, Majid NA, Choo KE, Raj SM, Derakhshan MH, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2010 Nov;83(5):1119-22.
PMID: 21036849 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0226

Whether the exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection reported among Malays is also present among aborigines (the Orang Asli) living in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia is unknown. We studied asymptomatic Orang Asli from settlements situated 210 km from the city of Kota Bharu. The HP infection status was confirmed by a validated serology test. Nineteen percent of 480 Orang Asli tested positive for HP infection. The prevalence was 40.6% in the birth cohort of the 1940s and declined steadily in later cohorts to under 10% among 12-30 year olds. This may be related to the phases of relocation from the jungles into resettlement camps and ultimately into designated villages near rivers. The low prevalence pattern after the 1970s was probably partly a result of improvement in sanitation and hygiene practice in these villages but other unidentified factors may also be operating.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Associations between primary hypertension and genes in the renin angiotensin system: a prospective two-center study in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center and International Medical University Cardiology Clinic

Norsham Juliana, Shaiful Yahaya, Abdul Latiff Mohamed, Roslan Harun

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):19-24.
MyJurnal

This study targeted two candidate genes from the best known regulator of blood pressure; the rennin angiotensin system; the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism. The study aimed to determine the genotypes trend between two different populations; the primary hypertensive patients, and the normal populations. 126 subjects were involved in this study (86 primary hypertensive patients and 40 normal individuals). All demographic factors were considered and analyzed. Insertion/deletion polymorphisms of the ACE gene were determined by an assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphism analysis using PCR-RFLP procedure was used to identify the missense mutation M235T of the AGT gene. All significant data was collected using standardized case report form. The association of the different genotypes and the subjects’ condition was analyzed using the chi squared and odds ratio analyses. In the pooled analysis of both groups, it was shown that the polymorphisms in these genes were significantly associated with the incidence of primary hypertension, p<0.05. Results also showed that the D allele of the ACE gene may be associated with increased risk of primary hypertension (p<0.05, O.R: 3.0 [C.I: 1.25 – 5.35]). The angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism also showed a significant result; the T allele is associated with increased risk of primary hypertension (p<0.05, O.R: 2.56[C.I: 1.55 – 5.28]). This knowledge of the candidate genes of rennin angiotensin system has rendered it possible to show that gene polymorphism in symphony leads to the individual risk of primary hypertension.
Keywords: ACE, M235T, rennin, hypertension

Study site: University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center and International Medical University Cardiology Clinic

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Maternal mental health in families of children with spina bifida

Ong LC, Norshireen NA, Chandran V

World J Pediatr, 2011 Feb;7(1):54-9.
PMID: 21191777 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-011-0246-z

this study aimed to compare mental health of mothers of children with spina bifida with mothers of able-bodied controls.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Significant association of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) but not of p53 polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinomas in Malaysia

Saini R, Tang TH, Zain RB, Cheong SC, Musa KI, Saini D, et al.

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2011 Feb;137(2):311-20.
PMID: 20419384 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0886-8

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of HPV and p53 polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) affecting Malaysian population.
METHODS: We analysed frozen samples from 105 OSCC as well as 105 oral specimens derived from healthy individuals. PCR assays targeting two regions of the virus were used. PCR amplification for the analysis of p53 codon 72 arginine/proline alleles was carried out in a separate reaction.
RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 51.4% OSCC samples, while 24.8% controls were found to be HPV positive. HPV was found to be significantly associated with OSCC (P

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Analysis of factors associated with seatbelt wearing among rear passengers in Malaysia

Mohamed N, Mohd Yusoff MF, Isah N, Othman I, Syed Rahim SA, Paiman N

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot, 2011 Mar;18(1):3-10.
PMID: 20496187 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2010.487153

A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 793 rear passengers in Malaysia. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the association of rear seatbelt wearing with 12 independent variables. Seven factors were significantly associated with rear seatbelt wearing. Experience of being stopped by an enforcement officer for not wearing rear seatbelt yielded the highest odds ratio 2.3 (p = 0.002) followed by self-consciousness (odds ratio 1.7; p = 0.004), attitude (odds ratio 1.5, p = 0.001), and knowledge (odds ratio 1.4, p = 0.004). Age of participants and their perception of being caught by an enforcement officer were also significantly associated with rear seatbelt wearing, odds ratios were 1.03 (p = 0.004) and 1.1 (p = 0.004), respectively. In contrast, level of education was negatively associated with rear seatbelt wearing (odds ratio 0.59, p = 0.003). It was concluded that enforcement activities, knowledge and attitude on seatbelt wearing play a very important role in improving the rate of rear seatbelt wearing. Thus, efforts to increase these factors should be the special focus in designing education and social marketing activities to advocate rear seatbelt wearing.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Risk factors associated with pneumothorax in Malaysian neonatal intensive care units

Boo NY, Cheah IG, Malaysian National Neonatal Registry

J Paediatr Child Health, 2011 Apr;47(4):183-90.
PMID: 21244549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01944.x

This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the development of pneumothorax among infants admitted to the Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Factors affecting estrogen receptor status in a multiracial Asian country: an analysis of 3557 cases

Yip CH, Bhoo-Pathy N, Uiterwaal CS, Taib NA, Tan GH, Mun KS, et al.

Breast, 2011 Apr;20 Suppl 2:S60-4.
PMID: 21349715 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.02.004

Estrogen receptor (ER) positive rates in breast cancer may be influenced by grade, stage, age and race. This study reviews the ER positive rates over a 15-year period at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data on ER status of 3557 patients from 1994 to 2008 was analyzed. ER status was determined by immunohistochemistry with a cut-off point of 10%. ER positivity increased by about 2% for every 5-year cohort, from 54.5% in 1994-1998 to 58.4% in 2004-2008. Ethnicity and grade were significantly associated with ER positivity rates: Malay women were found to have a higher risk of ER negative tumors compared with Chinese women. Grade 1 cancers were nine times more likely to be ER positive compared with grade 3 cancers. In summary, the proportion of ER positive cancers increased with each time period, and ethnicity and grade were independent factors that influenced ER positive rates.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Liver cirrhosis in Malaysia: peculiar epidemiology in a multiracial Asian country

Qua CS, Goh KL

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011 Aug;26(8):1333-7.
PMID: 21443669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06732.x

To determine the etiology of liver cirrhosis and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a multiracial Asian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Percutaneous coronary intervention in Asians--are there differences in clinical outcome?

Koh AS, Khin LW, Choi LM, Sim LL, Chua TS, Koh TH, et al.

BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2011;11:22.
PMID: 21605387 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-22

Ethnic differences in clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been reported. Data within different Asian subpopulations is scarce. We aim to explore the differences in clinical profile and outcome between Chinese, Malay and Indian Asian patients who undergo PCI for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fat intake and its relationship with pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Malaysia

Sulaiman S, Shahril MR, Shaharudin SH, Emran NA, Muhammad R, Ismail F, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(9):2167-78.
PMID: 22296351

BACKGROUND: Fat intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with fat and fat subtypes intake.
METHODOLOGY: This is a population based case-control study conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from January 2006 to December 2007. Food intake pattern was collected from 382 breast cancer patients and 382 control group via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders was included in analysis.
RESULTS: This study showed that both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk did not increase significantly with greater intake of total fat [quartile (Q) 4 versus Q1 OR=0.76, 95% CI, 0.23-2.45 and OR=1.36, 95% CI, 0.30-3.12], saturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=1.43, 95% CI, 0.51-3.98 and ORQ4 to Q1=1.75, 95% CI, 0.62-3.40), monounsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=0.96, 95% CI, 0.34-1.72 and ORQ4 to Q1=1.74, 95% CI, 0.22-2.79), polyunsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=0.64, 95% CI, 0.23-1.73 and ORQ4 to Q1=0.74, 95% CI, 0.39-1.81), n-3 polyunsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=1.10, 95% CI, 0.49-2.48 and ORQ4 to Q1=0.78, 95% CI, 0.28-2.18), n-6 polyunsaturated fat (ORQ4 to Q1=0.67, 95% CI, 0.24-1.84 and ORQ4 to Q1=0.71, 95% CI, 0.29-1.04) or energy intake (ORQ4 to Q1=1.52, 95% CI, 0.68-3.38 and ORQ4 to Q1=2.21, 95% CI, 0.93-3.36).
CONCLUSION: Total fat and fat subtypes were not associated with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk after controlling for age, other breast cancer risk factors and energy intake. Despite the lack of association, the effects of total fat and fat subtypes intake during premenopausal years towards postmenopausal breast cancer risk still warrant investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio
Fulltext Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update

Wan Nazaimoon WM, Musa KI, Md Khir AS, Ismail AA, Ismail IS, Khalid BAK, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2011;20(1):35-41.
PMID: 21393108

A total of 4428 adults (>18 years old) from 5 different selected regions in Peninsular and East Malaysia participated in this health survey. Using World Health Organization recommendations for body mass index (BMI), the prevalence of overweight and obesity were found to be 33.6% (95% CI= 32.2, 35.0) and 19.5% (95% CI= 18.3, 20.7) respectively. There were more females who were obese (22.5%, 95% CI=20.9, 24.0) compared to males (14.1%, 95% CI=12.3, 15.9). Highest prevalence of obesity were among the Indians (24.6%, 95% CI=20.3, 29.3), followed closely by the Malays (23.2%, 95% CI=21.6, 24.8%) and lowest prevalence was among the Chinese subjects (8.2%, 95% CI=6.2, 10.6). More than 43% of the 531 younger subjects (<30 years old) were either overweight (20%, 95% CI=16.6, 23.6) or obese (13.9%, 95% CI=11.1, 17.2%). All subjects who claimed to be non-diabetes were required to undergo 75 g glucose tolerance test. Compared to subjects with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), there was a 3- and 2-folds increase in the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance respectively, among obese subjects (BMI>30 kg/m2) who initially claimed to have no diabetes. This study highlights a need for more active, inter-sectoral participation advocating a health-promoting environment in order to combat obesity in this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Odds Ratio

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