Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 440 in total

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  1. Identification and characterization of Malaysian river catfish, Mystus nemurus (C&V): RAPD and AFLP analysis
    Chong LK, Tan SG, Yusoff K, Siraj SS
    Biochem Genet, 2000 Apr;38(3-4):63-76.
    PMID: 11100266
    This work represents the first application of the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique and the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique in the study of genetic variation within and among five geographical populations of M. nemurus. Four AFLP primer combinations and nine RAPD primers detected a total of 158 and 42 polymorphic markers, respectively. The results of AFLP and RAPD analysis provide similar conclusions as far as the population clustering analysis is concerned. The Sarawak population, which is located on Borneo Island, clustered by itself and was thus isolated from the rest of the populations located in Peninsular Malaysia. Both marker systems revealed high genetic variability within the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Sarawak populations. Three subgroups each from the Kedah, Perak, and Sarawak populations were detected by AFLP but not by RAPD. Unique AFLP fingerprints were also observed in some unusual genotypes sampled in Sarawak. This indicates that AFLP may be a more efficient marker system than RAPD for identifying genotypes within populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  2. Fulltext MTHFR C677T polymorphism, homocysteine and B-vitamins status in a sample of Chinese and Malay subjects in Universiti Putra Malaysia
    Choo SC, Loh SP, Khor GL, Sabariah MN, Rozita R
    Malays J Nutr, 2011 Aug;17(2):249-58.
    PMID: 22303578 MyJurnal
    Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T is involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism. Disruption in the activity of this enzyme will alter their levels in the body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  3. Combined use of wild-type HBV precore and high serum iron marker as a potential tool for the prediction of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B infection
    Chook JB, Ngeow YF, Yap SF, Tan TC, Mohamed R
    J Med Virol, 2011 Apr;83(4):594-601.
    PMID: 21328372 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22016
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and high liver iron deposits have both been associated with the development of cirrhosis. Among HBV factors, genotype and mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions have been most frequently studied but the evidence for a positive association with cirrhosis has been inconsistent. In this study, sera from persons with chronic HBV infection with and without cirrhosis were used for whole HBV genome analysis and for the estimation of serum iron marker (serum iron or ferritin) levels. Single codon analysis showed that the precore wild-type, TGG (nt 1,895-1,897), gave the highest accuracy (77.5%) for the identification of cirrhosis compared to other codons. When TGG was analyzed together with the precore start codon wild-type, ATG (nt 1,814-1,816), the accuracy was improved to 80.0% (odds ratio=35.29; 95% confidence interval=3.87-321.93; Phi=0.629; P<0.001). When the serum iron marker was included for analysis, it was clear that a combination of a precore wild-type and high serum iron marker gave a better accuracy (90.0%) (odds ratio=107.67; 95% confidence interval=10.21-1,135.59; Phi=0.804; P<0.001) for the identification of cirrhosis than either biomarker alone. It appeared that a combined use of both these biomarkers might help to predict the development of cirrhosis in a person with chronic HBV infection, but longitudinal studies are required to test this hypothesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  4. Apolipoprotein B 5'-Ins/Del and 3'-VNTR polymorphisms in Chinese, malay and Indian singaporeans
    Choong ML, Koay ES, Khaw MC, Aw TC
    Hum. Hered., 1999 Jan;49(1):31-40.
    PMID: 9858855
    The allele frequencies for the apolipoprotein B (apo B) 5'-Ins/Del and 3'-VNTR polymorphisms varied significantly (p < 0.01) among Singaporeans of Chinese, Malay and Indian descent. We calculated the unbiased expected heterozygosities for the 5'-Ins/Del polymorphism as 0.3357, 0.1984 and 0.2418, and for the 3'-VNTR as 0.5980, 0.5260 and 0.6749, respectively, in the Chinese, Malays and Indians. Compared to heterozygosities reported for other populations, the Singaporeans differed from most Caucasians in having significantly lower values but were closely related to other non-Caucasians. Thirteen alleles, with a bimodal distribution, were observed at the 3'-VNTR polymorphic locus; the alleles occurring most frequently among the Chinese and Malays were of 35 or 53 repeats, and among the Indians, of 37 or 47 repeats. The Del allele was associated with elevated serum cholesterol (p = 0.023), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.001) in the Chinese, and apo B (p = 0.007) in the Indians. Likewise, the larger 3'-VNTR alleles (> 41 repeats) were associated with raised cholesterol (p = 0.018), LDL-C (p = 0.025), and triglyceride (p = 0.001) in the Chinese. The two polymorphisms were not in significant linkage disequilibrium (D = -0.0029, p = 0.494) in the three ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  5. Fulltext Denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis screening of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in a mixed Asian cohort: two cases of arginine3500-->tryptophan mutation associated with a unique haplotype
    Choong ML, Koay ES, Khoo KL, Khaw MC, Sethi SK
    Clin Chem, 1997 Jun;43(6 Pt 1):916-23.
    PMID: 9191540
    The Arg-to-Trp substitution at codon 3500 in the apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 gene is established as a cause of familial defective apo B-100 (FDB), a functional mutation, resulting in reduced LDL receptor binding and manifest hypercholesterolemia. In a search for similar mutations in 163 Malaysians, we screened the putative receptor-binding region (codons 3456-3553) of the apo B-100 gene by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Four single-base mutations were detected and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Two females, a Chinese and a Malay, had the same CGG3500-->TGG mutation, resulting in an Arg3500-to-Trp substitution. This is the second published report of such an independent mutation involving the same codon as the established Arg3500-to-Gln mutation. The two other mutations detected, CTT3517-->CTG and GCC3527-->GCT, resulted in degenerate codons with no amino acid substitutions. All four mutations were associated with a unique apo B haplotype, different from those found in Caucasian FDB patients but concurring with that previously reported for two other Asians with FDB.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  6. Possible polyphyletic origin of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) alleles
    Choy MK, Phipps ME
    J. Mol. Evol., 2003 Jul;57(1):38-43.
    PMID: 12962304
    Phylogenetic relationships among 23 nonhuman primate (NHP) major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene (MIC) sequences, 54 confirmed human MICA alleles, and 16 human MICE alleles were constructed with methods of sequence analysis. Topology of the phylogenetic tree showed separation between NHP MICs and human MICs. For human MICs, the topology indicated monophyly for the MICB alleles, while MICA alleles were separated into two lineages, LI and LII. Of these, LI MICA alleles shared a common ancestry with gorilla (Ggo) MIC. One conservative amino acid difference and two nonconservative amino acid differences in the alpha3 domain were found between the MICA lineages. The nonconservative amino acid differences might imply structural and functional differences. Transmembrane (TM) trinucleotide-repeat variants were found to be specific to the MICA lineages such as A4, A9, and A10 to LI and A5 to LII. Variants such as A5.1 and A6 were commonly found in both MICA lineages. Based on these analyses, we postulate a polyphyletic origin for MICA alleles and their division into two lineages, LI and LII. As such, there would be 30 alleles in LI and 24 alleles in LII, thereby reducing the current level of polymorphism that exists, based on a presumed monophyletic origin. The lower degree of polymorphism in MICA would then be in line with the rest of the human major histocompatibility complex nonclassical class I genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  7. Association of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms With Coronary Artery Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Malaysian Population
    Chu WC, Aziz AF, Nordin AJ, Cheah YK
    Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2016 Sep;22(6):581-8.
    PMID: 25667236 DOI: 10.1177/1076029615571628
    Genetic variants of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, respectively, and might increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study is to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of CAD and to evaluate their potential interactions. A total of 237 patients with CAD and 101 controls were genotyped. The association of the polymorphism with the risk of CAD varied among the ethnic groups. Moreover, the concomitant presence of both CETP B1 and eNOS 4a alleles significantly increased the risk of CAD in the Malay group (OR = 33.8, P < .001) and the Indian group (OR = 10.9, P = .031) but not in the Chinese group. This study has identified a novel ethnic-specific gene-gene interaction and suggested that the combination of CETP B1 allele and eNOS 4a allele significantly increases the risk of CAD in Malays and Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  8. Analysis of polymorphisms and selective pressures on ama1 gene in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah, Malaysia
    Chua CY, Lee PC, Lau TY
    J Genet, 2017 Sep;96(4):653-663.
    PMID: 28947714
    The apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of Plasmodium spp. is a merozoite surface antigen that is essential for the recognition and invasion of erythrocytes. Polymorphisms occurring in this surface antigen will cause major obstacles in developing effective malaria vaccines based on AMA-1. The objective of this study was to characterize ama1 gene in Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah. DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from Keningau, Kota Kinabalu and Kudat. The Pkama1 gene was amplified using nested PCR and subjected to bidirectional sequencing. Analysis of DNA sequence revealed that most of the nucleotide polymorphisms were synonymous and concentrated in domain I of PkAMA-1. Forteen haplotypes were identified based on amino acid variations and haplotype K5 was the most common haplotype. dN/dS ratios implied that purifying selection was prevalent in Pkama1 gene. Fu and Li's D and F values further provided evidence of negative selection acting on domain II of Pkama1. Lownucleotide diversitywas also detected for the Pkama1 sequences,which is similar to reports on Pkama1 from Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. The presence of purifying selection and low nucleotide diversity indicated that domain II of Pkama1 can be used as a target for vaccine development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  9. Fulltext Association of NOD1, CXCL16, STAT6 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms with Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease
    Chua KH, Ng JG, Ng CC, Hilmi I, Goh KL, Kee BP
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e1843.
    PMID: 27069792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1843
    Crohn's disease (CD) is a prominent type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. CD is known to have higher prevalence in the Western countries, but the number of cases has been increasing in the past decades in Asia, including Malaysia. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the underlining causes of CD that may shed light on its prevention and treatment. In this study, genetic polymorphisms in NOD1 (rs2075820), CXCL16 (rs2277680), STAT6 (rs324015) and TLR4 (rs4986791) genes were examined in a total of 335 individuals (85 CD patients and 250 healthy controls) with PCR-RFLP approach. There was no significant association observed between NOD1 rs2075820 and STAT6 rs324015 with the onset of CD in the studied cohort. However, the G allele of CXCL16 rs2277680 was found to have a weak association with CD patients (P = 0.0482; OR = 1.4310). The TLR4 rs4986791 was also significantly associated to CD. Both the homozygous C genotype (P = 0.0029; OR = 0.3611) and C allele (P = 0.0069; OR = 0.4369) were observed to confer protection against CD. On the other hand, the heterozygous C/T genotype was a risk genotype (P = 0.0015; OR = 3.1392). Further ethnic-stratified analysis showed that the significant associations in CXCL16 rs2277680 and TLR4 rs4986791 were accounted by the Malay cohort. In conclusion, the present study reported two CD-predisposing loci in the Malay CD patients. However, these loci were not associated to the onset of CD in Chinese and Indian patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  10. Study of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) samples from Malaysia
    Chua KH, Puah SM, Chew CH, Tan SY, Lian LH
    Ann Hum Biol, 2010 Apr;37(2):274-80.
    PMID: 19951233 DOI: 10.3109/03014460903325185
    In this study, we investigated the polymorphisms of the exon 1 (+49A/G), promoter sites (-1722T/C, -1661A/G, -318C/T), and 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) (+6230 A/G) of the CTLA-4 gene in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affected patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine genotypes of these five markers in 130 SLE patients and 130 healthy controls. Of the five tested polymorphisms, there was no statistical significant difference between the genotypic and allelic frequencies of patients with SLE and controls. Hence, we propose that the CTLA-4 gene does not play a major role in the genetic susceptibility to the development of SLE in the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  11. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypic data-based dose prediction alone does not accurately predict warfarin dose requirements in some Malaysian patients
    Chua YA, Abdullah WZ, Yusof Z, Gan SH
    Turk J Med Sci, 2015;45(4):913-8.
    PMID: 26422867
    BACKGROUND/AIM: VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms may not accurately predict warfarin dose requirements. We evaluated an existing warfarin dosing algorithm developed for Malaysian patients that was based only on VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five Malay patients receiving warfarin maintenance therapy were investigated for their CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and VKORC1-1639G>A genotypes and their vitamin K-dependent (VKD) clotting factor activities. The records of their daily warfarin doses and international normalized ratio (INR) 2 years prior to and after the measurement of VKD clotting factors activities were acquired. The mean warfarin doses were compared with predicted warfarin doses calculated from a genotypic-based dosing model developed for Asians.

    RESULTS: A patient with the VKORC1-1639 GA genotype, who was supposed to have higher dose requirements, had a lower mean warfarin dose similar to those having the VKORC1-1639 AA genotype. This discrepancy may be due to the coadministration of celecoxib, which has the potential to decrease warfarins metabolism. Not all patients' predicted mean warfarin doses based on a previously developed dosing algorithm for Asians were similar to the actual mean warfarin dose, with the worst predicted dose being 54.34% higher than the required warfarin dose.

    CONCLUSION: Multiple clinical factors can significantly change the actual required dose from the predicted dose from time to time. The additions of other dynamic variables, especially INR, VKD clotting factors, and concomitant drug use, into the dosing model are important in order to improve its accuracy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  12. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele distribution in the world. Is APOE*4 a 'thrifty' allele?
    Corbo RM, Scacchi R
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 1999 Jul;63(Pt 4):301-10.
    PMID: 10738542
    Apolipoprotein E (APOE = gene, apoE = protein) plays a central role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and in lipid transport within tissues. The APOE shows a genetic polymorphism determined by three common alleles, APOE*2, APOE*3, APOE*4 and the product of the three alleles differs in several functional properties. APOE is involved in the development of certain pathological conditions. In particular, the APOE*4 allele is a risk factor for susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In the present study we analyzed the APOE allele distribution in the world. The APOE*3 is the most frequent in all the human groups, especially in populations with a long-established agricultural economy like those of the Mediterranean basin (0.849-0.898). The frequency of APOE*4, the ancestral allele, remains higher in populations like Pygmies (0.407) and Khoi San (0.370), aborigines of Malaysia (0.240) and Australia (0.260), Papuans (0.368), some Native Americans (0.280), and Lapps (0.310) where an economy of foraging still exists, or food supply is (or was until the recent past) scarce and sporadically available. The APOE*2 frequency fluctuates with no apparent trend (0.145-0.02) and is absent in Native Americans. We suggest that the APOE*4, based on some functional properties it has and on its distribution among human populations, could be identified as a 'thrifty' allele. The exposure of APOE*4 to the contemporary environmental conditions (Western diet, longer lifespans) could have rendered it a susceptibility allele for CAD and AD. The absence of the association of APOE*4 with CAD and AD in Sub-Saharan Africans, and its presence in African Americans, seems to confirm this hypothesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
  13. Fulltext Artemisinin combination therapy fails even in the absence of Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 gene polymorphism in Central India
    Das S, Kar A, Manna S, Mandal S, Mandal S, Das S, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 05 11;11(1):9946.
    PMID: 33976269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89295-0
    Artemisinin is the frontline fast-acting anti-malarial against P. falciparum. Emergence and spread of resistant parasite in eastern-India poses a threat to national malaria control programs. Therefore, the objective of our study is to evaluate the artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy in Central India. 180 monoclonal P. falciparum-infected patients received standard ASSP therapy during August 2015-January 2017, soon after diagnosis and monitored over next 42-days. Artemisinin-resistance was assessed through in-vivo parasite clearance half-life (PC1/2), ex-vivo ring-stage survivability (RSA), and genome analysis of kelch13 and other candidate gene (pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfatpase 6, pfdhfr and pfdhps). Of 180 P. falciparum positive patients, 9.5% showed increased PC1/2 (> 5.5 h), among them eleven isolates (6.1%) showed reduced sensitivity to RSA. In 4.4% of cases, parasites were not cleared by 72 h and showed prolonged PC1/2(5.6 h) (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
  14. Fulltext Variant Toll-like receptor4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile alleles) and Toll-like receptor2 (Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp alleles) in colorectal cancer
    Davoodi H, Seow HF
    Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2011 Jun;10(2):91-9.
    PMID: 21625017 DOI: 010.02/ijaai.9199
    The innate immune system recognizes the presence of bacterial products through the expression of a family of membrane receptors known as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Polymorphisms in TLRs have been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between polymorphisms of TLR4 (Asp299Gly; Thr399Ile) and TLR2 (Arg677Trp; Arg753Gln) genes and risk of colorectal cancer. DNA from 60 colorectal carcinoma patients from 3 major races in Malaysia (22 Malays, 20 Chinese and 18 Indians) and blood from 50 apparently healthy individuals were evaluated. Control group were matched to study group by race and age. The polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotyping results showed two out of sixty tumour specimens (3.3%) harbored both variant TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile alleles. In contrast, DNA isolated from blood cells of 50 apparently healthy individuals harbored wild type TLR4. In the case of TLR2 Arg753Gln genotyping, all of the fifty normal and 60 tumours were of the wild type genotype. TLR2 Arg677Trp genotyping showed a heterozygous pattern in all samples. However, this may not be a true polymorphism of the TLR2 gene as it is likely due to a variation of a duplicated ( pseudogene) region. There was only a low incidence (2/60; 3.3%) of TLR4 polymorphism at the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile alleles in colorectal cancer patients. All normal and tumour samples harbored the wild type TLR2 Arg753 allele. Our study suggests that variant TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile alleles) as well as TLR2 (Arg753Gln allele) are not associated with risk of colorectal cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  15. Maternal lineage of Nicobari pig (Sus scrofa nicobaricus) correlated with migration of Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
    De AK, Sawhney S, Ponraj P, Muthiyan R, Muniswamy K, Ravi SK, et al.
    Anim Biotechnol, 2023 Apr;34(2):156-165.
    PMID: 34310265 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1950742
    Nicobari pig is reared by Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Nicobari pig has maintained its genetic identity due to geographical isolation. This communication is the first report on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pigs. DNA polymorphism data showed seven haplotypes. D-loop sequence information and mitogenome analysis were able to earmark Nicobari pigs to Asian clade. The domestication process of pigs and its expansion pattern help to understand human migration pattern. Based on this hypothesis, this communication elucidates the probable origin of Nicobarese. Earlier studies indicated that Nicobarese had genetic affinities to races distributed in China, Malaysia and Thailand. Our data on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pig correlates with the data on migration of Nicobarese. Moreover, we could establish a novel connection of Nicobarese with people of Northeastern parts of India, Philippines and Vietnam through phylogenetic signal and geographical provenance of Nicobari pig. We further concluded that migration of Nicobarese happened during Western route of migration (WRM) ∼4000 years before present. Therefore, we propose one wave hypothesis of peopling of Nicobar based on our study and existence of Ausrtroasiatic language, Mon-Khmer in these islands.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  16. Fulltext Metabolic and genetic screening of electromagnetic hypersensitive subjects as a feasible tool for diagnostics and intervention
    De Luca C, Thai JC, Raskovic D, Cesareo E, Caccamo D, Trukhanov A, et al.
    Mediators Inflamm, 2014;2014:924184.
    PMID: 24812443 DOI: 10.1155/2014/924184
    Growing numbers of "electromagnetic hypersensitive" (EHS) people worldwide self-report severely disabling, multiorgan, non-specific symptoms when exposed to low-dose electromagnetic radiations, often associated with symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and/or other environmental "sensitivity-related illnesses" (SRI). This cluster of chronic inflammatory disorders still lacks validated pathogenetic mechanism, diagnostic biomarkers, and management guidelines. We hypothesized that SRI, not being merely psychogenic, may share organic determinants of impaired detoxification of common physic-chemical stressors. Based on our previous MCS studies, we tested a panel of 12 metabolic blood redox-related parameters and of selected drug-metabolizing-enzyme gene polymorphisms, on 153 EHS, 147 MCS, and 132 control Italians, confirming MCS altered (P < 0.05-0.0001) glutathione-(GSH), GSH-peroxidase/S-transferase, and catalase erythrocyte activities. We first described comparable-though milder-metabolic pro-oxidant/proinflammatory alterations in EHS with distinctively increased plasma coenzyme-Q10 oxidation ratio. Severe depletion of erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids with increased ω 6/ ω 3 ratio was confirmed in MCS, but not in EHS. We also identified significantly (P = 0.003) altered distribution-versus-control of the CYP2C19∗1/∗2 SNP variants in EHS, and a 9.7-fold increased risk (OR: 95% C.I. = 1.3-74.5) of developing EHS for the haplotype (null)GSTT1 + (null)GSTM1 variants. Altogether, results on MCS and EHS strengthen our proposal to adopt this blood metabolic/genetic biomarkers' panel as suitable diagnostic tool for SRI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
  17. Fulltext Prevalence of the CYP2C19*2 (681 G>A), *3 (636 G>A) and *17 (‑806 C>T) alleles among an Iranian population of different ethnicities
    Dehbozorgi M, Kamalidehghan B, Hosseini I, Dehghanfard Z, Sangtarash MH, Firoozi M, et al.
    Mol Med Rep, 2018 03;17(3):4195-4202.
    PMID: 29328413 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8377
    Polymorphisms in the cytochrome P (CYP) 450 family may cause adverse drug responses in individuals. Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is a member of the CYP family, where the presence of the 681 G>A, 636 G>A and 806 C>T polymorphisms result in the CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*17 alleles, respectively. In the current study, the frequency of the CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*17 alleles in an Iranian population cohort of different ethnicities were examined and then compared with previously published frequencies within other populations. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the CYP2C19 alleles (*2, *3 and *17) were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‑restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, PCR‑single‑strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing from blood samples of 1,229 unrelated healthy individuals from different ethnicities within the Iranian population. The CYP2C19 allele frequencies among the Iranian population were 21.4, 1.7, and 27.1% for the CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*17 alleles, respectively. The frequency of the homozygous A/A variant of the CYP2C19*2 allele was significantly high and low in the Lur (P<0.001) and Caspian (P<0.001) ethnicities, respectively. However, the frequency of the homozygous A/A variant of the CYP2C19*3 allele was not detected in the Iranian cohort in the current study. The frequency of the heterozygous G/A variant of the CYP2C19*3 allele had the significantly highest and lowest frequency in the Fars (P<0.001) and Lur (P<0.001) groups, respectively. The allele frequency of the homozygous T/T variant of the CYP2C19*17 allele was significantly high in the Caspian (P<0.001) and low in the Kurd (P<0.05) groups. The frequency of the CYP2C19 alleles involved in drug metabolism, may improve the clinical understanding of the ethnic differences in drug responses, resulting in the advancement of the personalized medicine among the different ethnicities within the Iranian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  18. HLA polymorphism in three indigenous populations of Sabah and Sarawak
    Dhaliwal JS, Shahnaz M, Azrena A, Irda YA, Salawati M, Too CL, et al.
    Tissue Antigens, 2010 Feb;75(2):166-9.
    PMID: 20196825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01410.x
    One hundred and fifty-eight Kadazan, Iban and Bidayuh individuals registered with the Malaysian Marrow Donor Registry were typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR. Six, seven and eight HLA-A alleles as well as 13, 15 and 16 HLA-B alleles were detected in the Kadazan, Bidayuh and Iban, respectively. The most common HLA-A allele in all three groups was HLA-A*24 with a frequency of 0.456, 0.490 and 0.422 in the Kadazan, Bidayuh and Iban, respectively. The most common HLA-B allele detected in the Kadazan was HLA-B*40 with a frequency of 0.333; for the Bidayuh and the Iban it was HLA-B*15 with a frequency of 0.460 and 0.275, respectively. The HLA-DR allele with the highest frequency in the Kadazan was HLA-DR*1502 with a frequency of 0.500. In the Iban and the Bidayuh, HLA-DRB1*1202 was the most common DR allele with frequencies of 0.235 and 0.310, respectively. The two most common haplotypes for the Kadazan are A*34-B*38-DR*1502 and A*24-B*40-DR*0405, whereas for the Bidayuh they are A*24-B*15-DR*1602 and A*24-B*35-DR*1202 and for the Iban they are A*34-*B15-DR*1502 and A*24-B*15-DR*1202.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic*
  19. HLA-B27 polymorphism in the Malays
    Dhaliwal JS, Too CL, Lisut M, Lee YY, Murad S
    Tissue Antigens, 2003 Oct;62(4):330-2.
    PMID: 12974801
    The frequency of HLA-B27 and its subtypes was determined in 878 Malay subjects. Thirty-five of the subjects typed for HLA-A, -B and -DR were found to be positive for HLA-B27. The frequency of this allele in the Malay population was found to be 3.99%. The subtypes observed and their frequencies are: HLA-B*2704 (19.4%), HLA-B*2705 (5.6%), HLA-B*2706 (72.2%) and HLA-B*2707 (2.8%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  20. Dietary Carbohydrate Promotes Cell Survival in Cancer Via the Up-Regulation of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene Expression Level
    Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M, Akbari ME, Akbari S, Feradova H, Rahimzadeh G, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Mar;26(2):8-17.
    PMID: 31447604 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.2.2
    Cancer cells are mainly dependent on glycolysis for their growth and survival. Dietary carbohydrates play a critical role in the growth and proliferation of cancer and a low-carbohydrate diet may help slow down the growth of tumours. However, the exact mechanisms behind this effect are unclear. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in the association between dietary carbohydrates and cancer. This study was carried out using keywords such as polymorphism and/or cancer and/or dietary carbohydrate and/or FTO gene. PubMed and Science Direct databases were used to collect all related articles published from 1990 to 2018. Recent studies showed that the level of FTO gene expression in cancer cells is dramatically increased and may play a role in the growth of these cells through the regulation of the cellular metabolic pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinaseB (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Dietary carbohydrate may influence the FTO gene expression by eliminating the inhibitory effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the FTO gene expression. This review summarised what has been recently discovered about the effects of dietary carbohydrate on cancer cells and tried to determine the mediating role of the FTO gene in these effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic
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