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Fulltext Occupational safety and health risk perception among medical laboratory workers in Klang Valley

Anuar, I., Zahedi, F., Kadir, A., Mokhtar, A.B.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(2):77-82.
MyJurnal

Background : Risk management strategy at the workplace needs two way interactions between employee and employer. Therefore, study on risk perception among workers based on scientific analysis is needed to gain knowledge and understanding on how workers perceived risk at the workplace in order to design risk management strategies more effectively.
Methodology : A cross sectional study was carried out among 628 respondents from 36 medical laboratories in the public and private sector in Klang Valley. Using a self administered questionnaire, respondents were required to perceive risk on 30 hazards which have been identified in the medical laboratory. Each hazard was encoded by using Likert scale 1= not risky, 2= risky but low, 3= moderate risk, 4= high risk and 5= very high risk.
Result : Overall, the study showed that working in the medical laboratory was perceived to of moderate risk. When comparing among ethic groups, the Malays had the highest perception of risk (3.07±0.88) as compared with Indians (3.03±0.88) and the Chinese (2.78±0.90). Employee with higher education and position level perceived low level of risk compared to those with lower education and position level. For those working in different types of laboratories, there are significant difference on risk perception, (p=0.001). Employees who work in government sector perceived higher (3.12±0.93) risk compared to workers in private sector (2.85±0.88). In terms of OSH based knowledge, those with higher level of education and position have a high score knowledge on OSH compared to those have lower education and position level.
Conclusion : This study showed that risk perception among workers in medical laboratory is influenced by socio-demography factor such race, education level, job position and the laboratory where the respondents are working.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext Kualiti dalam penjagaan kesihatan

Jannatul Madihah, A.B., Natrah, M.S., Jamsiah, M., Sharifa Ezat, W.P.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(2):67-76.
MyJurnal

Introduction : Quality is an important aspect in health care delivery not only because it is one of the most important factors in individual and community health, but it also influences lives in improving lifespan, health status and also reduction in disease and the burden of diseases.
Methodology : This is a systematic review on various papers, studies and articles based on studies and researches done by a few scholars, experts and organizations involved in quality, quality assessment and monitoring.
Results : Quality in health care delivery involves six main aspects including access to services, suitability to the needs, effectiveness, equity, social acceptance and efficiency. Quality is taken from the perspective of the consumers and the providers. Some of the issues surrounding quality assessment are identifying and balancing between the difference perspective among the stakeholders, producing accountable framework of assessment and also finding suitable criteria for outcome assessment. Health care services in Malaysia are provided both by the government and the private sector with each sector has its own advantages, disadvantages and challenges.
Conclusion : The challenges in improving and maintaining quality include balancing advances in science and technology with the available brainpower and human resources. Therefore all agencies should work together in order to provide the best health care delivery and to keep improving the quality in health care services.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext A review on hindering factors to maximize healthcare potential in poverty and Islamic way of promoting health

Farrah Farzana Abdullah, Mohd Rahman Omar

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):106-106.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Malaysia has been nominated among the top four well-established healthcare system in the world. However, with the status of a developing country, there are still lacking in offering healthcare services and aware-ness among poverty. The objective of this review is to look into the factors hindering healthcare coverage in poverty. Methods: These literature reviews were carried out by using the electronic databases included, Google Scholars, Medline, PUBMED and EBSCOhost. Results: In current economic status, poverty status needs to be revised as the cost of living has markedly increased especially in the urban. Many factors affect the health status, which include the issues in term of rising health expenditure, demography-geography and imbalance workload distribution. Less expo-sure to health and wellness and geographical-demographic profile are the main reasons for the lack of self-awareness in assessing health services. Various actions had been taken by the stakeholders to improve health statuses such as telehealth, referral system and integration between agencies. Suggestion to improve the existing plan with the atten-tion given especially in the rural area which composed of multi-ethnicity and demography-geographical distribution. In Islam, Prophet Muhammad PBUH promotes health through his eating habits, physical activities include prayer and sports, proper sleep habit and through fasting. Conclusion: Poor and lack of awareness of healthcare services and health ownership have been the main reason for low health-seeking in poverty. Factors such as rising health expenditure, demography-geography factors and lack of facilities provided and unbalance workload distribution in the public-private sector contribute to the issue of concern.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext Work-Related Stress Among Healthcare Providers of Various Sectors in Peninsular Malaysia

Lua, P.L., Imilia, I.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(2):1-15.
MyJurnal

Objectives: Occupational stress among healthcare workers is an important concern due to its crucial contribution in attaining maximum job output and optimal quality of working life. Our study aims to compare job stress levels of healthcare employees based on 1) sector, 2) category and 3) specialisation. Methods: Stress severity and frequency were evaluated using the 9-point scale Job Stress Survey (Job Stress, Job Pressure, Lack of Support). A crosssectional sample of 223 healthcare providers were enrolled from seven health institutions in Peninsular Malaysia (East Coast = 55%; mean age = 30 years; female = 78.9%; < 2 years experience = 35.9%; government-based = 48%; supportive = 62.8%). Results: No significant difference was found between government and private sector workers. Supportive staff reported significantly higher stress frequency in contrast to professionals who demonstrated significantly higher stress severity in all dimensions (p < .05). Within the supportive group, radiographers were the most stressed, followed by nurses and medical laboratory technologists (p > .05). Research-based professionals experienced significantly worse stress frequency in all components compared to professional practitioners (p < .05). Conclusion: Because stress levels are affected by job category and specialisation, flexible strategies to ensure employees’ job productivity, contentment and personal well-being should be implemented.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext Patient satisfaction: a comparison between government and private clinics in Mukim Labu, Sepang, Selangor

Yunus, M.A., Nasir, M.M.T., Nor Afiah, M.Z., Sherina, M.S., Faizah, M.Z.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(2):6-11.
MyJurnal

A cross sectional study was carried out to identify and compare factors that contribute to patient satisfaction towards the medical care services provided at the outpatient clinic in government health clinics and private clinics in Mulcim Labu, Sepang, Selangor. Systematic sampling for government clinic and universal sampling for private clinics were done and data was collected via face-to-
face interview based on a validated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). A total of 181 patients aged 15 to 75 years old were selected, comprising 90 patients from the government clinics and 91 patients from private clinics. The majority of the patients were males (62.4%), Malay (79.0%), aged between 25 to 34 years with a mean age of 34.6 years and acutely ill (80.7%). Generally, all patients were satisfied with the services provided in both government and private sectors. Patients in private clinics, however, had a significantly higher satisfaction score as compared to the respondents in government clinics. There was signilqcant correlation between patient satisfaction score and household income in government and private clinics. Significant correlation was also found between patient satisfaction score and age in government clinic. Patients in private clinics were more satisfied towards the interpersonal manners, availability and continuity of care of the clinic compared to patienw in government clinics. Whereas patients in government clinics were more satisfied towards the service charges. This study provides important in ormation that could be used by roviders o health care services to monitor and im roved the ualit o medical care in the respective sectors.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext Outbreak of dengue in Bandar Baru Bangi

Meftahuddin, T., Anisah, A.B., Mohd Faizal, A.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(1):22-28.
MyJurnal

An outbreak of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever was studied in Bandar Baru Bangi, Hulu Langat District which started from epidemiological week 51 of December 2001 until ]anuary 2002. Altogether, 53 cases were reported to the Hulu Langat District Health Office with 24 cases detected in Section I and Section 6, and 5 cases in Section 4 of Bandar Baru Bangi respectively. Two cases were confirmed as dengue haernorrhagic fever (DHF). The majority of the cases were female Malays. The age of the cases ranged from 3 to 60 years with a mean of 29.17 : 13.18 years old. The majority of patients were mainly private sector workers from factories or companies with 29 cases (54.7%) and university students with 14 cases (26.4%). No deaths were reported in this outbreak. On the average, the duration taken for a patient to be admitted from the date of onset was about 4.4 - 2.0 days and the duration taken for notification from the date of admission was about 2.0 - 1.7 days. The majority of cases reported were based on classical clinical features of dengue fever. Only 18 cases (34%) were IgM positive for dengue. The statistical analysis showed that the majority were male (P>0.05), Malays (P>0.05) , age group of 21»30 years (P>0.05), platelets level < 100,000 per mm3 (p>0.05) and the serological specimens obtained 5 days after the date of onset (p2.0%) within residential premises in this locality with 46 Aedes mosquito breeding places identified and a total amount of RM 6500 of fines imposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext Factors associated with fall injury at home among children under 5 years old in Yemen

Al-Abed A. Al-Abed, Rosnah Sutan, Sami A.R. Al - Dubai, Yassin Ibrahim, Syed M. Aljunid

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(1):101-110.
MyJurnal

Falls are the most common injury causing death or long term disability particularly among children. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of the unintentional injuries due to falls in children aged less than five years in Yemen. This cross sectional study enrolled a total of 439 children under five years old from the emergency department of 6 hospitals in Sana'a city. Multistage sampling was used to select six hospitals from public and private sectors in Sana'a city. Face to face interviews were conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used in the analysis. The prevalence of falls among children under five years old was 21.2%. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with falls among children were young mother (aOR= 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-0.91), working of mother (aOR= 4.5 95% CI 2.40-7.65), frequent family social gatherings (aOR= 2.7, 95% CI 1.54-4.61), number of children at home (aOR= 2.6, 95% CI 1.43-4.64), chewing khat by father (aOR= 2.4, 95% CI 1.38-4.10), presence of staircase in the house (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.24-3.70), number of rooms at home (aOR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-3.99) and disabled children (aOR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.20-9.27). In the study, socio-economic and cultural factors such as family gathering and chewing khat were associated with home fall injury among children under 5 years old in Yemen. Health promotion program should take place to reduce the occurrence of fall injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext A study of work related complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur

Erna Faryza, Mohd Suleiman Murad, Syamsul Anwar

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(2):8-16.
MyJurnal

The computer is well known as one of the important tools in the office that gives a lot of benefits but silently leads to musculoskeletal pain. There are many different kinds of musculoskeletal complaints pain but the most common seen among computer users in developed countries is the complaint of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS). Despite this, definite factors that can be associated with the prevalence of CANS have not been established. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and factors associated with work-related complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. A survey study design was conducted where 110 (n=110) office workers were recruited from around the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur area for 5 months periods. Participants were required to answer the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) and the Level of Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire. The study showed the highest percentage of CANS reported was at neck region (53.6% of participants), followed by shoulders with 53.0%. The majority of participants have low level of computer ergonomic awareness where only 19.09% (n=21) from government sector and 10% (n=11) office workers from private sector reported knowledge of ergonomics. Majority of the participants did not have the know-how in implementing correct computer ergonomics. However there was a weak association (r=

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext To examine the level of knowledge and acceptance about social protection system among paddy farmers in agricultural areas of Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA)

Mohamad Noor Firdaus Sahul Hameed

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(4):83-92.
MyJurnal

At present, social protection system is a requirement for those involved in all sectors of employment
such as pensions to Government employees and Employees Provident Fund (EPF) to private sector
workers. The primary basis of the system is to provide protection to address poverty, financial
assistance and future guarantees. However, no structured social protection system was introduced to
the informal sectors workers in Malaysia such as farmers and others. The purpose of this study is to
examine the level of knowledge and acceptance of social protection systems among farmers in the
Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA). This study involved 573 respondents covering 4
regions within the MADA area. In conclusion, this study will examine the level of knowledge and
acceptance of farmers on social protection systems in their communities.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Managing adolescent pregnancy: The unique roles and challenges of private general practitioners in Malaysia

Malek KA, Abdul-Razak S, Abu Hassan H, Othman S

Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(3):37-45.
PMID: 32175039

Introduction: Managing adolescent pregnancy in the primary care setting is complex, as it requires doctors to navigate through a combination of medical, social, financial and legal needs. Objective: This study explores the perspectives of private general practitioners on their roles and challenges in managing adolescent pregnancy in Malaysia.
Methods: Nineteen private general practitioners in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur participated in in-depth interviews in 2015. A topic guide was used for interview navigation. Participants were asked to discuss their experiences and approaches in managing pregnant adolescents. We used purposive sampling to recruit consenting private general practitioners who had experience in managing adolescent pregnancy. The verbatim transcripts of the audio-recorded interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data reached saturation at the nineteenth in-depth interview. Results: Two themes emerged. Under the theme 'inadvertent advocator,' participants described their tasks with regards to building trust, calming angry parents and delivering comprehensive counseling and care related to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, including requests for abortions. Theme two, 'challenges of private general practitioners,' refers mainly to personal and religious conflicts arising from a request for an abortion and deficiencies in support and multidisciplinary integration within their practice settings.
Conclusion: General practitioners practicing in the private sector identify themselves as active players in supporting pregnant adolescents but face many challenges arising from the personal, religious, professional and community levels. Addressing these challenges is important for optimal care delivery to pregnant adolescents in this community.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Breastfeeding and the use of maternal health services in Sarawak

Kwa SK

Malays J Reprod Health, 1993 Jun;11(1):8-19.
PMID: 12318984

An increase in the use of health services and contraception is usually associated with a decrease in breastfeeding. This study seeks to establish the relationship between maternal use of health services and breastfeeding practice. Data was obtained from the Sarawak Population and Family Survey of 1989. The breastfeeding pattern of 1583 children born to 1047 women aged between 15-49 years in the five years preceding the study were analyzed and compared among the various groups using maternal health services and contraception. Results showed that Sarawak has a very short mean duration of about 6 months for breastfeeding. Women attending antenatal and postnatal clinics had shorter breastfeeding durations but higher initiation rates compared to those who did not. Those whose delivered by doctors and those delivering in private hospitals were least likely to breastfeed. Contraceptive use was also negatively associated with breastfeeding duration. Whilst it is commendable that the use of maternal health facilities is high in Sarawak, the inverse relationship to breastfeeding can offset its health benefits. Health policies can play a part to arrest this decline which is also related to socioeconoic development.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector*
Effective family planning programs

Rosenfield AG

Med Today, 1973;7(3-4):80-94.
PMID: 12309877

PIP: Organizational and content features of various national family planning programs are reviewed. The Thai program is cited as an example of a family planning program organized on a massive unipurpose compaign basis. The Korean and Taiwan programs have utilized special field workers while upgrading the general health care network. 3 major problems with family planning programs are: 1) the lack of experience with such programs; 2) lack of commitment at the highest political levels; and 3) medical conservatism. Utilization of all available contraceptive methods instead of reliance on 1 method would improve most programs. Nursing and auxiliary personnel could be trained to take over the work of physicians in family planning programs. This is already being done with IUD insertion and pill prescription in several programs. The postpartum tubal ligation approach has proven effective and should be extended. There is a place in all national programs for both the private and the commercial sectors. Incentives for clinics, personnel, and acceptors might spread family planning more rapidly.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) Analysis of Algal Fuels

Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Sulaiman A, Ghassemi A

Methods Mol Biol, 2020;1980:121-151.
PMID: 30838603 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_204

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most attractive tools employed nowadays by environmental policy-makers as well as business decision-makers to ensure environmentally sustainable production/consumption of various goods/services. LCA is a systematic, rigorous, and standardized approach aimed at quantifying resources consumed/depleted, pollutants released, and the related environmental and health impacts through the course of consumption and production of goods/service. Algal fuels are no exception and their environmental sustainability could be well scrutinized using the LCA methodology. In line with that, this chapter is devoted to present guidelines on the technical aspects of LCA application in algal fuels while elaborating on major standards used, i.e., ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. Overall, LCA practitioners as well as technical experts dealing with algal fuels in both the public and private sectors could be the main target audience for these guidelines.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Malaysia seeks biotech partners

Aldridge S

Nat Biotechnol, 2009 Apr;27(4):305.
PMID: 19352354 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0409-305c
Matched MeSH terms: Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration*
Fulltext Persistent mosquito fogging can be detrimental to non-target invertebrates in an urban tropical forest

Lee NSM, Clements GR, Ting ASY, Wong ZH, Yek SH

PeerJ, 2020;8:e10033.
PMID: 33062440 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10033

Background: Human population growth has led to biodiversity declines in tropical cities. While habitat loss and fragmentation have been the main drivers of urban biodiversity loss, man-made interventions to reduce health risks have also emerged as an unintentional threat. For instance, insecticide fogging to control mosquito populations has become the most common method of preventing the expansion of mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue. However, the effectiveness of fogging in killing mosquitoes has been called into question. One concern is the unintended effect of insecticide fogging on non-target invertebrates that are crucial for the maintenance of urban ecosystems. Here, we investigate the impacts of fogging on: (1) target invertebrate taxon (Diptera, including mosquitoes); (2) non-target invertebrate taxa; and (3) the foraging behavior of an invertebrate pollinator taxon (Lepidoptera) within an urban tropical forest.
Methods: We carried out fogging with Pyrethroid insecticide (Detral 2.5 EC) at 10 different sites in a forest situated in the state of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Across the sites, we counted the numbers of knocked-down invertebrates and identified them based on morphology to different taxa. We constructed Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression models to investigate the effects of fogging on: (1) a target invertebrate taxon (Diptera) 3-h post-fogging; (2) selected non-target invertebrate taxa 3-h post-fogging; and (3) an invertebrate pollinator taxon (Lepidoptera) 24-h post-fogging.
Results: A total of 1,874 invertebrates from 19 invertebrate orders were knocked down by the fogging treatment across the 10 sites. Furthermore, 72.7% of the invertebrates counted 3-h post-fogging was considered dead. Our regression models showed that given the data and prior information, the probability that fogging had a negative effect on invertebrate taxa 3-h post-fogging was 100%, with reductions to 11% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals for the target invertebrate taxon (Diptera), and between 5% and 58% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals for non-target invertebrate taxa. For the invertebrate pollinator, the probability that fogging had a negative effect 24-h post-fogging was also 100%, with reductions to 53% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals.
Discussion: Our Bayesian models unequivocally demonstrate that fogging has detrimental effects on one pollinator order and non-target invertebrate orders, especially taxa that have comparatively lower levels of chitinisation. While fogging is effective in killing the target order (Diptera), no mosquitos were found dead in our experiment. In order to maintain urban biodiversity, we recommend that health authorities and the private sector move away from persistent insecticide fogging and to explore alternative measures to control adult mosquito populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Fulltext Implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Malaysia: A review

Nuzul Azam Haron, Raja Putri Zarifh Ana Raja Soh, Aizul Nahar Harun

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(3):661-674.
MyJurnal

This paper seeks to clarify Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its implementation in Malaysia.
Most developed countries that have implemented BIM in the construction industry have found it effective. This paper reviews existing literature on the implementation of BIM and examines the implementation strategies that have been developed. The review highlights numerous advantages of BIM in construction, which include, among others, reducing cost, time, carbon burden and capital cost. BIM can also help increase broader efficiencies and improve coordination and communication between each party. However, implementing BIM is complicated and requires efforts from both the government and the private sector. While the implementation of BIM may reduce costs in developed countries, it may not do so in developing countries; in Malaysia, for instance, costs act as an initial barrier. Other obstacles to implementing BIM in Malaysia include application system requirements and lack of knowledge and readiness to change. To facilitate its implementation in the construction industry, the Malaysian government needs to hold seminars to promote a better understanding of BIM. They may also introduce a properly structured BIM course by preparing a standard code of practices and guidelines for BIM in the education sector.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector
Are essential medicines in Malaysia accessible, affordable and available?

Saleh K, Ibrahim MI

Pharm World Sci, 2005 Dec;27(6):442-6.
PMID: 16341951 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-005-1318-8

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmaceutical sector to know whether people have access to essential medicines.

SETTING: The study was conducted in 20 public health clinics, five public district drug stores and 20 private retail pharmacies selected randomly in five different areas randomly selected (four states and a federal territory).

METHOD: The methodology used was adopted from the World Health Organization study protocol. The degree of attainment of the strategic pharmaceutical objectives of improved access is measured by a list of tested indicators. Access is measured in terms of the availability and affordability of essential medicines, especially to the poor and in the public sector. The first survey in the public health clinics and public district drug stores gathered information about current availability of essential medicines, prevalence of stock-outs and affordability of treatment (except drug stores). The second survey assessed affordability of treatment in public health clinics and private retail pharmacies.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Availability, stock-out duration, percent of medicines dispensed, accessibility and affordability of key medicines.

RESULTS: The average availability of key medicines in the public health clinics for the country was 95.4%. The average stock-out duration of key medicines was 6.5 days. However, average availability of key medicines in the public district drug stores was 89.2%; with an average stock-out duration of 32.4 days. Medicines prescribed were 100% dispensed to the patients. Average affordability for public health clinics was 1.5 weeks salary and for the private pharmacies, 3.7 weeks salary.

CONCLUSIONS: The present pharmaceutical situation in the context of essential medicines list implementation reflected that the majority of the population in Malaysia had access to affordable essential medicines. If medicines need to be obtained from the private sector, they are hardly affordable. Although the average availability of essential medicines in Malaysia was high being more than 95.0%, in certain areas in Sabah availability was less than 80.0% and still a problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector*
Fulltext The determinant factors for the adoption of CRM in the Palestinian SMEs: The moderating effect of firm size

Salah OH, Yusof ZM, Mohamed H

PLoS One, 2021;16(3):e0243355.
PMID: 33662987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243355

CRM adoption can provide innumerable benefits to the SMEs performance, including solving customer problems in a timely manner, enhancing customer satisfaction by appointing an expert to solve issues and queries, and the like. This study aims to examine the moderating effects of the firm size in the adoption of CRM in the Palestinian SMEs. A quantitative approach was used to investigate the relationships between the variables, which are compatibility, IT infrastructure, complexity, relative advantage, security, top management support, customer pressure, and competitive pressure. A questionnaire was designed to collect data from 420 SMEs in Palestine. A total of 331 respondents completed and returned the survey. The Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) approach was used to assess both the measurement and structural models. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) and Technology, Organization, and Environment Framework (TOE) framework were employed to identify the determinant factors from the technological, organizational, and environmental perspectives. The findings and conclusions of this study provide show that the moderating effect of firm size has significant effect compatibility, top management support, customer pressure, and IT infrastructure factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector/economics
Effect of privatization of the drug distribution system on drug prices in Malaysia

Babar ZD, Izham MI

Public Health, 2009 Aug;123(8):523-33.
PMID: 19665741 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.06.011

Previous studies on anti-infective and cardiovascular drugs have shown extraordinary price increases following privatization of the Malaysian drug distribution system. Therefore, it was felt that there was a need to undertake a full-scale study to evaluate the effect of privatization of the Malaysian drug distribution system on drug prices.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector/economics
Fulltext Healthcare in Asia: a perspective from primary care at the gateway to a continent

Jiwa M, Othman S, Hanafi NS, Ng CJ, Khoo EM, Chia YC

Qual Prim Care, 2012;20(5):317-20.
PMID: 23113999

Malaysia has achieved reasonable health outcomes even though the country spends a modest amount of Gross Domestic Product on healthcare. However, the country is now experiencing a rising incidence of both infectious diseases and chronic lifestyle conditions that reflect growing wealth in a vibrant and successful economy. With an eye on an ageing population, reform of the health sector is a government priority. As in other many parts of the world, general practitioners are the first healthcare professional consulted by patients. The Malaysian health system is served by public and private care providers. The integration of the two sectors is a key target for reform. However, the future health of the nation will depend on leadership in the primary care sector. This leadership will need to be informed by research to integrate care providers, empower patients, bridge cultural gaps and ensure equitable access to scarce health resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Private Sector/statistics & numerical data

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