Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 525 in total

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  1. Fulltext Development of supplementary food at the home and community level
    Valyasevi A, Dhanamitta S
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):53-8.
    PMID: 3796351
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  2. Lead concentrations in breast milk of Malaysian urban and rural mothers
    Huat LH, Zakariya D, Eng KH
    Arch. Environ. Health, 1983 7 1;38(4):205-9.
    PMID: 6614999
    This study was conducted to determine lead concentrations in breast milk among urban and rural mothers in Malaysia, and to determine if lead absorption among urban maternal populations in Malaysia poses a potential health hazard to infants through breastfeeding. Milk samples, which were collected from 89 urban and 91 rural mothers, were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean lead level in urban samples was 0.0253 microgram/ml, which was significantly higher than that of the rural samples (0.0211 microgram/ml). The estimated daily lead intake of breast-fed infants in Malaysia was well below proposed tolerable levels. There also appeared to be no specific pattern in the milk lead levels at different periods of lactation. The significance of the higher milk lead concentrations in urban mothers is also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  3. Breastfeeding in a rural area in Malaysia
    Kee TS
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Mar;30(3):175-9.
    PMID: 1160675
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  4. Maternal mortality amongst the rural Malays
    Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Mar;28(3):149-53.
    PMID: 4278186
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  5. The cost of health services
    Hubble D
    Lancet, 1973 Jun 09;1(7815):1323-4.
    PMID: 4126117
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  6. Fulltext Self-perceived anxiety symptoms and its associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in rural communities of Malaysia
    Nikmat AW, Fadzil MA, Idris S
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1(2):11-17.
    Introduction: Little is known about anxiety symptoms among diabetic patients, especially among those who are living in rural areas in Malaysia. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among diabetic patients and factors associated with anxiety in rural communities in Malaysia.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 464 diabetes mellitus patients in rural health districts and outpatient clinics in Malaysia was conducted. Each participant was interviewed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
    Results: Respondents consisted of 193 (41.6%) males and 271 (58.4%) females. The mean age of participants was 59.65 ± 10.16 years and the mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.9 ± 6.3 years. Results indicate that 15% of the participants have anxiety symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with history of ischemic heart disease and depression and those who were underweight have higher anxiety scores with adjusted OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.79 to 14.27), 27.71 (95% CI 14.23 to 53.98) and 14.6 (95% CI 2.49 to 84.82), respectively.
    Conclusions: This study suggests that although the prevalence of anxiety among diabetics is low, primary care physician should be trained to identify high risk patients and to manage their condition in order to improve the clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  7. Fulltext STUDY OF LOCAL TOURIST SATISFACTION IN A RURAL DESTINATION AT MOUNT MULU NATIONAL PARK IN MIRI, SARAWAK
    ZALIHA ZAINUDDIN, ZALEHA MOHAMED, HAROLD LOLING
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(2):111-118.
    MyJurnal
    Tourism is associated with leisure and travelling, and is considered one of the fastest growing sectors that contribute significantly to the country’s economy, as well as bringing benefits directly to local communities. The Rural Tourism Master Plan was established in 2001, which defines rural tourism as an attraction that offers visitors the opportunity to experience Malaysia’s traditional culture and heritage away from urban areas. This study focuses on such tourism in the Gunung Mulu National Park, a famous natural park comprising underground caves, virgin rainforests and highlands. This research uses a quantitative approach with a random sampling technique because the procedure to select a unit for inclusion in a sample is much easier, quicker and cheaper. A questionnaire is distributed via Google Form to 500 local tourists who visited the park. The results of this research may be useful in marketing the Gunung Mulu National Park worldwide, besides fine-tuning programmes to attract tourists to the national park.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  8. Fulltext Rural communities in nutritional transition: emergence of obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia as public health problems in three kampungs in Bagan Datoh, Perak
    Ng TK, Tee ES, Rosman A
    Malays J Nutr, 1995 Sep;1(2):129-39.
    PMID: 22692058 MyJurnal
    This paper highlights the marked presence of nutritional disorders in a sample (190 males, 237 females, aged 18-80 years) obtained from the adult population in three kampungs i.e. Pasang Api, Sungai Nipah Baroh and Sungai Balai Darat, in the Mukim of Bagan Datoh, Perak in 1992. All subjects (except pregnant females) were measured for blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference from which the body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratios (WHR) were calculated. A random blood sample was obtained by finger-prick from each subject and analysed for total cholesterol (TC) and glucose, using the Reflotron compact analyser. Elevated means for BMI and WHR indicated that obesity (BMI ≥30.0) was a serious public health problem in these three kampungs, affecting about 5% of males and 14% of females. Another 24% of males and 46% of females had an overweight problem (BMI 25.0-29.9), indicating that on the average, about half the adult population in these kampungs were either overweight or obese. This contrasted with the situation a decade ago in similar-type kampungs in the Peninsula where underweight was the major nutritional disorder in adults, especially males. Overall, there was a shift of an underweight problem to one of overweight, as exemplified by increments of 2.0 to 3.0 BMI units in the adult population, with the phenomenon being more marked in the females. Hypertension (21%) and hyperglycaemia (6.5%) affected the males and females approximately equally. Female adults had higher mean plasma TC compared to males (204 versus 199 mg/dl); these means were some 20 mg/dl (0.52 mmol/L) higher than the corresponding means for adults in similar rural communitites in the early eighties, and approximate the corresponding means for present-day urban adults. The above findings serve to emphasise the nutritional transition undergoing in the rural communities in the Peninsula, viz, the marked emergence in these rural communities of nutritional disorders normally associated with affluent populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  9. Fulltext Obesity among years 1 and 6 primary school children in Selangor Darul Ehsan
    Bong ASL, Jaafar S
    Malays J Nutr, 1996 Mar;2(1):21-7.
    PMID: 22692098 MyJurnal
    A study was conducted from March to June 1991 to determine the prevalence of obesity among primary school children in the State of Selangor. One School Health Team in each of the 9 Districts of Selangor participated in the collection of data, the whole project being coordinated by the Selangor State Health Department. A total of 28 rural and 24 urban schools were selected for the study, involving a total of 2,688 pupils in Standard 1 and Standard 6. The prevalence of obesity, using >120% of the reference weight-for-height as the criteria, varied considerably in the different districts, with an overall prevalence of 7.8% in the State. The proportion of boys affected (66.7%) was twice that among girls (33.3%). The prevalence of obesity of 9.8% in the urban schools was significantly higher than the 6.1% found for rural schools (p<0.0001). 151 (11.1%) were from Standard 6 and 59 (4.4%) were from Standard 1 (p<0.0001). It was also found that there was a significantly higher prevalence of obesity amongst primary 6 children (p<0.0001). Whilst the problem may not be as serious as that found in developed countries, the findings of this study should serve as an early warning to health authorities of the seriousness of the problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  10. Fulltext A cross sectional study was conducted among married women in Kg. Sasapan Kelubi, Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. [Amalan calitan pap dan faktor hubungkait di kalangan wanita berkahwin di Kg. Sesapan Kelubi , Daerah Hulu Langat, Selangor D.E. Malaysia]
    Jamsiah M, Shamsul AS, Aniza I, Rozhan S, Sharifah Ezat WP
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2008;14(1):52-61.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : A cross sectional study was conducted among married women in Kg. Sasapan Kelubi, Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of Pap Smear practice and it`s influencing factors.
    Methodology : Universal sampling was conducted from door to door to all married women who agreed to be involved in this study. Guided questionnaire was used as the main instrument in this study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 12.0.
    Result : A total of 154 respondents gave their feedback. Mean age in this study was 23.3±4.4.years. Only 66 respondents (42.9%) have had the pap smear with only 6 respondents (3.9%) practiced as per recommended schedule. The reasons for the respondents never practicing pap smear were no knowledge (n=46,52.3%), scared (n=22, 42.5%), shyness (n=21,23.9%), no free time(n-6,6.8%), unconcerned (n=3,3.4%), no female doctors (n= 6,6.8%), not bother, health clinic too far and high cost (n=1,1.1%). The only factor that showed significant association with pap smear practice was the score of knowledge about smear whereby respondents who underwent pap smear showed higher score compared to those respondents who never underwent pap smear.
    Conclusion : The study showed that more efforts is required to improve knowledge and awareness among married women in rural area in order to overcome the knowledge gap, wrong perception and other reasons that prevent acceptance pap smear practice among them.
    Keywords : married women, pap smear practice, rural area, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  11. Breast feeding in Kelantan
    Balakrishnan S, bin Haji Hussein H
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):22-4.
    PMID: 609338
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  12. The health of women and children in Malaya
    Brodie M
    Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, 1937;58:305-18.
    DOI: 10.1177/146642403705800505
    Vital statistics in Malaya are of limited value but annual reports show that the infant mortality in Penang Municipality is 125, in Singapore Municipality 172.2, in the Straits Settlements 165.28, and in the State of Kedah 137 per thousand births. The tables show a similarity to those of large English towns fifty years ago.
    Poverty, ignorance and superstition account for many of these deaths and much maternal ill-health. Children are seldom taken out in infancy and houses are frequently dark, stuffy and closely-shuttered. Solid carbohydrate food is given to infants even during the first month. Congenital Syphilis causes a number of deaths and in an investigation in Singapore of mothers whose infants died in the first year of life 30.9 per cent. were Wassermann-positive.
    Increasing use is made of maternity wards in the Hospitals and in Kuala Lumpur there is a Chinese maternity hospital with a Chinese woman doctor on the staff. The infant death-rate among Malays is much higher than that of other races, who are more willing to make use of the hospitals.
    In the rural areas labour commonly takes place under the most primitive conditions with no help except that of an untrained handy-woman (bidan). A better midwifery service for these areas is gradually being developed and Malay women are being trained to replace the old "bidan" in the villages.
    Education is doing something to inculcate modern views on the bringing up of children. The teaching of personal hygiene to teachers and pupils in the vernacular girls' schools is proving of value, and the Girl Guide movement has given an added interest to this.
    Medical inspection of school children is more complete in the towns than in the rural areas. Dental caries, skin conditions, intestinal worms, and enlarged tonsils are common in the junior schools.
    Tables are given of vital statistics and records of school medical inspection from the reports of the health officers of the Straits Settlements, Singapore, and Kedah. W. H. Peacock.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  13. Maternal education and tetanus immunisation in Indonesia
    Mohamed WN
    Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25(4):19-29.
    This paper examines the influence of maternal education on the acceptance of tetanus toxoid vaccine, using data from two villages in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Maternal education results in increased tetanus toxoid uptake. Irrespective of the level of formal education, correct knowledge of the function of tetanus toxoid is positively associated with the probability of using the vaccine. It is therefore recommended that health education campaign be run to provide correct information on the importance of tetanus toxoid. This study can be used as a model for health programmes in other population with low levels of women education.
    Key words: Neonatal tetanus, maternal education, tetanus toxoid, binomial logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression.
    Kertas ini mengkaji pengaruh pendidikan ibu ke atas penerimaan vaksin tetanus toxoid, dengan menggunakan data daripada dua buah kampung di pendalaman Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Kajian ini mendapati pendidikan ibu dapat meningkatkan kadar pengambilan tetanus toxiod. Pengetahuan yang tepat tentang kepentingan vaksin tersebut didapati mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan pengambilannya, tanpa mengira tahap pendidikan wanita. Dengan itu dicadangkan agar kempen pendidikan kesihatan dijalankan untuk menyebarkan maklumat yang jelas ten tang kepentingan tetanus toxoid. Kajian ini boleh dijadikan model bagi program kesihatan untuk populasi lain yang mempunyai tahap pendidikan wanita yang rendah.
    Kata kunci: Tetanus neonatal, pendidikan ibu, tetanus toxoid, regresi logistik binomial, regresi logistik multinomial.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  14. Fulltext Space-Time Clustering Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2015-2019
    Ullah S, Daud H, Dass SC, Fanaee-T H, Kausarian H, Khalil A
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 02 21;17(4).
    PMID: 32098247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041413
    The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Pakistan ranks fifth in the world. The National TB Control Program (NTP) has recently reported more than 462,920 TB patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan from 2002 to 2017. This study aims to identify spatial and space-time clusters of TB cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan during 2015-2019 to design effective interventions. The spatial and space-time cluster analyses were conducted at the district-level based on the reported TB cases from January 2015 to April 2019 using space-time scan statistics (SaTScan). The most likely spatial and space-time clusters were detected in the northern rural part of the province. Additionally, two districts in the west were detected as the secondary space-time clusters. The most likely space-time cluster shows a tendency of spread toward the neighboring districts in the central part, and the most likely spatial cluster shows a tendency of spread toward the neighboring districts in the south. Most of the space-time clusters were detected at the start of the study period 2015-2016. The potential TB clusters in the remote rural part might be associated to the dry-cool climate and lack of access to the healthcare centers in the remote areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  15. Anaemia during pregnancy in rural Kelantan
    Ahmad Z, Jaafar R, Md Hassan MH, Othman MS, Hashim A
    Family Physician, 1995;7:11-15.
    Anaemia still constitutes a public health problem in the world, especially in the developing countries (1). Nutritional deficiency remains a major causative factor (2). During pregnancy, growth of the foetus, placenta and the larger amount of circulating blood in the expectant mother will lead to an increase in the demand for nutrients, especially iron and folic acid. Many women start their lives with insufficient iron stores, but also, because of inadequate child spacing, they have little time to build up their iron levels between pregnancies. In pregnancy, anaemia has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality (3,4,5). Iron and folic acid supplementation is routinely given to pregnant mothers in Malaysia. It is anticipated that pregnant mothers who comply strictly with the prescribed iron supplement will maintain adequate iron stores at parturition. However, the compliance rate among rural mothers in Kelantan is often poor (6). Kelantan is also one of the most socio-economically underdeveloped
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  16. Dyslipidaemias in the Malaysian population [Abstract]
    Mohd Nawawi H, Abdul Rahman T, Mohd Ismail A, Ismail TS, Ramli AS, Yusoff K, et al.
    J Hypertens, 2012;30:e196.
    DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000420656.24296.e4
    Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, primarily attributed by atherosclerosis, of which dyslipidaemia is one of the main risk factors. There is limited data in Malaysia on the prevalence and awareness of having dyslipidaemia, and the proportion who are treated.
    Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of (1)dyslipidaemia; (2)awareness of dyslipidaemia and (3)subjects with dyslipidaemia who are treated.
    Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 11,525 Malaysian subjects from various rural and urban populations, with representations from the three major ethnic groups (age mean + SD: 52.6 + 11.3years; 6487 females, 5038 males). Clinical history and physical examinations were performed and fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of lipid profiles. Dyslipidaemia was defined by mild, moderate or severe hypercholesterolaemia(HC):TC > 5.2, 6.5 and 7.8mmol/L respectively, or hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG):TG > 1.7 mmol/L, or low HDL-c:females < 1.3, males < 1.0mmol/L. Questionnaires were completed for data on awareness and treatment of dyslipidaemia.
    Results: Subjects with HC and HTG were 66.9% and 40.9% respectively. Low HDL-c were found in 15.2% and 74.9% in females and males respectively. Among those with HC, 42.6%, 19.3% and 5.0% had mild, moderate and severe HC respectively. Awareness of dyslipidaemia was only found in 13.9% of the population, of whom only 8.0% were on treatment.
    Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dyslipidaemias in Malaysia, majority of whom are unaware of having the major risk factor for atherosclerosis-related complications such as CAD. Hence, there is an urgent need for coronary risk identification, prevention and intervention to combat the global epidemic of CAD
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  17. Rural child malnutrition and unsuccessful outcome of food basket programme: does ethnicity matter?
    Mas-Harithulfadhli-Agus AR, Hamid NA, Rohana AJ
    Ethn Health, 2021 02;26(2):264-279.
    PMID: 30041543 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1494820
    Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among five-year-olds and factors associated with unsuccessful outcome of a Food Basket Programme (FBP) in a rural district of Kelantan, Malaysia.Design: Administrative health records from selected health clinics were reviewed. Study sample includes indigenous population or Orang Asli of Malaysia. Unsuccessful outcome was defined according to failure to complete the programme according to growth gain and on-time. Multiple logistics regression was used to assess the associated factors of unsuccessful outcome of FBP.Results: This study showed that the prevalence rates of malnutrition among children below five years old were 34.2% underweight, 16.4% thinness, 32.5% stunting and 3.0% overweight, with Orang Asli children faring the worse. Orang Asli children were also five times more likely to be unsuccessful in the FBP (p rural setting and Orang Asli children are vulnerable to have an unsuccessful outcome from the Food Basket Programme. Further research is necessary to further explain this association to inform policy, specifically for Orang Asli children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  18. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Pakistan
    Haider S, Hassali MA, Iqbal Q, Anwer M, Saleem F
    Lancet Infect Dis, 2016 12;16(12):1333.
    PMID: 27998597 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30452-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  19. Characteristics of patients with tuberculosis and the associated factors with TB-related mortality in a rural setting in Sarawak, Malaysia: A single-centre study
    Ho YH, Lim CT, Albart SA, Schee JP, Yong MC, Looi I
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jan;78(1):1-6.
    PMID: 36715183
    INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia has estimated incidence and mortality rates of 81 cases per 100,000 people-year and 4.9 per 100,000 populations, respectively. This study aimed to study the characteristics of rural TB patients and their mortality outcomes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study involving real-world data analysis, looking into TB patients in Lubok Antu Health Clinic by obtaining data through clinic cards, from 1 January 2019 till 31 December 2020. Statistical significance was p < 0.05.

    RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were included. Fifty-two (61.9%) were male. Median age was 58.5 (39-67). Forty-six (54.8%) had smear-positive TB. Seventy-eight (92.9%) were alive at treatment completion. Fifteen (17.9%) experienced adverse drug reactions. Estimated prevalence and mortality rate were 7.1% and 10.7 per 100,000 populations, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that drug reaction was significantly associated with compliance [OR = 8.38 (95% CI: 1.26, 55.53), p = 0.029]. Patients compliant with treatment were more likely to survive [OR = 12.5 (95% CI: 1.61, 97.34), p = 0.028].

    CONCLUSION: Compliance with TB treatment should be emphasised to reduce TB-related mortality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
  20. Fulltext Generating Trust in Participatory Research on Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria: A Study with Rural Community Gatekeepers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Naserrudin NA, Culleton R, Pau Lin PY, Baumann SE, Hod R, Jeffree MS, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 26;19(23).
    PMID: 36497837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315764
    BACKGROUND: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria is a zoonotic infection that affects rural communities in South East Asia. Although the epidemiology of the disease has been extensively researched, the voices of individuals within affected communities often go unheard. Here, we describe a study that explores the importance of gatekeepers in conducting research among rural communities, their perspectives on the challenges encountered when attempting to avoid malaria infection, and their views on participatory research.

    METHODS: Between 1 November 2021 and 28 February 2022, we conducted a study in Kudat district, Sabah, using a multi-method design. All participants consented to the study, which included health care workers (HCWs) (n = 5), community leaders (n = 8), and faith leaders (n = 1). We conducted interviews, transect walks, and observations with gatekeepers to ensure data trustworthiness. All interviews were conducted in the Sabah Malay dialect. The sessions were audio- and video-recorded, transcribed into English and analyzed using thematic analysis.

    RESULTS: Between 2017 and 2021, the number of cases of P. knowlesi malaria detected in humans ranged from 35 to 87 in villages under the care of the Lotong primary health care clinic. The challenges in controlling malaria include social norms, lifestyles, socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, and limitations of basic resources. Critical discussions regarding participation with the gatekeepers identified that face-to-face interviews were preferable to online discussions, and influenced willingness to participate in future research.

    CONCLUSION: This study was conducted among village gatekeepers during the COVID-19 pandemic and generated information to drive methodological changes, opening up new ideas by sharing perspectives on challenges in P. knowlesi malaria control among vulnerable communities. The study generated trust in the community and expanded knowledge regarding participation that is critical for future community-based studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rural Population
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