MyMedR

An unexpected gangrenous duplication of ileum

Chiar CI, Elango T, Sivaneswaran L, Umasangar R, Mohan N

Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):83-84.

Alimentary tract duplication is a rare congenital anomaly which may involve any part of the alimentary tract extending from stomach to rectum. Clinical presentation may mimic an inflamed appendix as described in this case. A 9-year-old boy with a clinical diagnosis of perforated appendix was noted to have a normal appendix intra-operatively. On further search for an underlying pathology, a gangrenous ileal duplication was discovered. En-bloc resection with primary bowel anastomosis was done. Histopathology report revealed a gangrenous small bowel duplication. We discuss the preoperative diagnostic dilemma and management options in approaching this rare entity.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach

Fulltext Carcinoma of stomach detected by routine transabdominal ultrasound

Wong M, Shum S, Chau W, Cheng C

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 10 01;6(4):e39.

PMID: 21611075 DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.4.e39

Assessment of the stomach is not commonly included in routine scanning protocol of upper abdominal ultrasound (USG). However, assessment of the stomach in patients presenting with epigastric pain can yield invaluable results. This paper presents, as an illustration, a case of carcinoma of stomach detected by transabdominal ultrasound. The diagnosis is confirmed by subsequent CT, upper endoscopy and operation.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach

Ethnicity and H. pylori as risk factors for gastric cancer in Malaysia: A prospective case control study

Goh KL, Cheah PL, Md N, Quek KF, Parasakthi N

Am J Gastroenterol, 2007 Jan;102(1):40-5.

PMID: 17100981

To determine the risk factors for gastric cancer (GCA), with particular emphasis on ethnicity in our multiracial population.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/ethnology*; Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology*; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology

Advanced Dome cellulose/alginate/chitosan composite matrix design with gastric and intestinal co-targeting capacities

Razali S, Bose A, Benetti C, Chong PW, Miller M, Colombo P, et al.

Int J Pharm, 2022 Nov 25;628:122226.

PMID: 36191818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122226

Dome matrix was designed with gastric and intestinal targeting capacities using melatonin and caffeine as model drugs, and alginate, chitosan and cellulose as composite materials. The melatonin, caffeine and intermediate hydroxypropylmethylcelluose-based dispersible modules were prepared through compaction. Caffeine piled module was capped at both ends with melatonin void modules via intermediate dispersible modules into Dome matrix. Dispersion of intermediate module detached melatonin module from Dome matrix and had it floated in stomach providing a more complete melatonin release due to favorable pH-pKa relationship of dissolution medium and drug. With reference to the caffeine module, the detachment of melatonin module facilitated its gastrointestinal transit as a reduced size matrix, with majority of caffeine delivered in colon. The dual site-targeted and -release Dome matrix is applicable as reference oral carrier for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, functional food and veterinary medicine where a complex formulation and performancein vivoare required.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach

Rare variations in the Origin, Branching Pattern and Course of the Celiac Trunk: Report of Two Cases

Prasanna LC, Alva R, Sneha GK, Bhat KM

Malays J Med Sci, 2016 Jan;23(1):77-81.

PMID: 27540329

Multiple anomalies in the celiac arterial system presents as rare vascular malformations, depicting deviations of the normal vascular developmental pattern. We found a common left gastro-phrenic trunk and a hepato-spleno-mesenteric trunk arising separately from the abdominal aorta in one cadaver. We also found a common hepatic artery and a gastro-splenic trunk arising individually from the abdominal aorta in another cadaver. Even though many variations in the celiac trunk have been described earlier, the complex variations described here are not mentioned and classified by earlier literature. Knowledge of such variations has significance in the surgical and invasive arterial radiological procedures in the upper abdomen.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach

Helicobacter pylori: molecular detection of vacA gene and vacuolating activity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells

Alfizah H, Noraziah MZ, Chao MY, Rahman MM, Ramelah M

Clin Ter, 2013;164(4):301-5.

PMID: 24045512 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1577

Helicobacter pylori strains secrete a vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), plays an important role for the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastro-duodenal diseases. vacA gene is responsible to regulate the activity of the vacuolating cytotoxin. The objective of this study was molecular detection of vacA gene and observes the vacuolating activity on human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/complications*; Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology*

Fulltext Arteriovenous malformation of the stomach: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Latar NH, Phang KS, Yaakub JA, Muhammad R

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):142-3.

PMID: 22106696 MyJurnal

Haemorrhage arising from gastric arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare and normally occurs in the elderly. Bleeding gastric AVM presenting in the younger age group is even rarer. We report a case of a 14 year old boy who presented with recurrent episodes of haematemesis. He subsequently underwent a proximal gastrectomy and the histological examination confirmed a gastric AVM. After reviewing the literature we believe this is the youngest ever reported case of bleeding gastric AVM reported in English literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/blood supply*; Stomach/pathology*

In vitro estimation of non-specific and specific amino acid decarboxylase activities in guinea-pigs treated with chlorpromazine

Ridzwan BH, Waton NG, Rozali BO, Jais AM, Maimun AH

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1990;97(2):247-50.

PMID: 1982866

1. In vitro studies of non-specific histidine decarboxylase activity was low or absent in control guinea-pigs and unchanged 9 or 27 hr after chlorpromazine (CPZ) injection intraperitoneally. 2. However, specific histidine decarboxylase activity was found in the control tissues and was increased 9 hr but not 27 hr after CPZ injection.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/drug effects; Stomach/enzymology

Age of onset of symptoms in duodenal and gastric ulcer

Kang JY

Gut, 1990 Aug;31(8):854-7.

PMID: 2387504

The influence of the age of onset of symptoms on various clinical features of peptic ulcer was studied in a personal series of 492 patients (duodenal ulcer 363, gastric ulcer 98, combined gastric and duodenal ulcer 31). Duodenal ulcer patients whose age of onset of symptoms was within the first three decades (n = 166) were more likely to be men (77%) and to have a positive family history of dyspepsia (45%) and a history of haemorrhage (46%) when compared with late onset patients (n = 197, men 57%, positive family history 23%, history of haemorrhage 36%). Early onset duodenal ulcer patients also secreted more gastric acid than late onset patients. In contrast, while early onset gastric ulcer patients were more likely to be men, when compared to late onset patients, the two groups were similar in their family history of dyspepsia, their history of haemorrhage, and their gastric acid output. The age of onset of Malay duodenal ulcer patients (mean (SD) 43.6 (16.0] was higher than those for Chinese patients (33.7 (16.1].

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/ethnology; Stomach Ulcer/epidemiology*

Colobine forestomach anatomy and diet

Matsuda I, Chapman CA, Clauss M

J. Morphol., 2019 11;280(11):1608-1616.

PMID: 31424606 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21052

Colobine monkeys have complex, multichambered, foregut-fermenting stomachs with either three ("tripartite") or four ("quadripartite," adding the praesaccus) chambers where a commensal microbiome digests plant cell walls and possibly detoxifies defensive plant chemicals. Although different potential functions for the praesaccus have been suggested, little evidence exists to support any of the proposed functions. To address the issue of the function of the praesaccus, we collated literature data on diet and compared tripartite and quadripartite species. Our results suggest that the praesaccus is an adaptation to a dietary niche with a particularly high reliance on leaves as fallback foods in colobine clades with quadripartite stomachs, and a higher reliance on fruits/seeds as foods at times of high fruit availability in clades with tripartite stomachs. This supports the notion that a large gut capacity is an important characteristic by which folivores survive on a high fiber diet, and that this large gut capacity may not be necessary for some species if there are seasonal peaks in fruit availability.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/anatomy & histology*; Stomach/physiology

Role of vacuolating cytotoxin A in Helicobacter pylori infection and its impact on gastric pathogenesis

Ansari S, Yamaoka Y

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2020 10;18(10):987-996.

PMID: 32536287 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1782739

Introduction Helicobacter pylori causes, via the influence of several virulence factors, persistent infection of the stomach, which leads to severe complications. Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) is observed in almost all clinical strains of H. pylori; however, only some strains produce the toxigenic and pathogenic VacA, which is influenced by the gene sequence variations. VacA exerts its action by causing cell vacuolation and apoptosis. We performed a PubMed search to review the latest literatures published in English language. Areas covered Articles regarding H. pylori VacA and its genotypes, architecture, internalization, and role in gastric infection and pathogenicity are reviewed. We included the search for recently published literature until January 2020. Expert opinion H. pylori VacA plays a crucial role in severe gastric pathogenicity. In addition, VacA mediated in vivo bacterial survival leads to persistent infection and an enhanced bacterial evasion from the action of antibiotics and the innate host defense system, which leads to drug evasion. VacA as a co-stimulator for the CagA phosphorylation may exert a synergistic effect playing an important role in the CagA-mediated pathogenicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Diseases/microbiology; Stomach Diseases/physiopathology

The morphogenesis of a papillomatous gastric polyp in the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Narama I, Tsuchitani M, Umemura T, Tsuruta M

J Comp Pathol, 1983 Apr;93(2):195-203.

PMID: 6863609

The histopathology of gastric papillomas in 17 crab-eating monkeys from Indonesia and Malaysia was investigated. The changes in the affected mucosa consisted of papillomatous proliferation with accidental heterotopia, desquamation or necrosis of the epithelium associated with eggs or adults of the small nematode Nochtia nochti, inflammatory cell infiltration and haemorrhage or oedema and fibrosis. The primary pathogenic effect of this parasite was due to its irritant action on the gastric mucosa. Hyper-regeneration, with a downward shift of the proliferating zone in the gastric gland and an inflammatory process, appeared to play a significant role in the morphogenesis of this lesion. It is concluded that the gastric papilloma associated with Nochtia nochti in the monkey is a parasitic inflammatory polyp.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/parasitology; Stomach Neoplasms/veterinary*

Fulltext Gastric duplication cyst with a red flag presentation: a case report

Alagoo D, Sellappan H, Jayasilan J, Azizan N, Hayati F

Pan Afr Med J, 2021;39:141.

PMID: 34527157 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.141.29895

Gastric duplication cyst (GDC) is a rare congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite being benign in the entity, its complications vary from an asymptomatic abdominal mass to fulminant or massive GI bleeding. A 28-year-old lady presented with unexplained GI haemorrhage, in which the upper endoscopy showed a classic feature of GI stromal tumour. The preoperative diagnosis was also confirmed by the computed tomography. She subsequently underwent surgical resection and the final histopathology was consistent with a benign entity of GDC.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/abnormalities*; Stomach/surgery

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):79-82.

PMID: 29704389

No abstract available.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/classification*; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology*

Extensive peritoneal lavage after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer (EXPEL): study protocol of an international multicentre randomised controlled trial

Kim G, Chen E, Tay AY, Lee JS, Phua JN, Shabbir A, et al.

Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2017 02 26;47(2):179-184.

PMID: 28173154 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw153

Peritoneal recurrence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer is common and the prognosis is dismal. Recent evidence suggests that extensive peritoneal lavage with large volume of normal saline after surgery before abdominal closure can reduce the risk of peritoneal recurrence and improve overall survival. This study aims to evaluate the benefit of extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage. This is a prospective, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial involving 15 international centres in China, Korea, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. Patients with cT3/4 stomach cancer undergoing curative resection are randomised to either extensive peritoneal lavage (10 l of saline) or standard lavage (≤2 l of saline). The primary outcome is overall survival and secondary outcomes include disease-free survival and peritoneal recurrence. The minimum sample size is 600 subjects with 300 per arm completing 3 years follow-up. The data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis, assuming a two-sided test with a 5% level of significance.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/pathology; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Tobacco chewing and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in Yemen

Al-Qadasi FA, Shah SA, Ghazi HF

East Mediterr Health J, 2017 Jan 23;22(10):719-726.

PMID: 28134423

This study aimed to assess the risk factors for gastric cancer in Yemen. A hospital-based case-control study of 70 cases and 140 controls was carried out in Sana'a city between May and October 2014. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information through direct interview. Living in rural areas, tobacco chewing and drinking untreated water were significant risk factors for gastric cancer. Frequent consumption of chicken, cheese, milk, starchy vegetables, cucumber, carrots, leeks, sweet pepper, fruit drinks, legumes and olive oil were associated significantly with decreased risk of gastric cancer. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that chewing tobacco and frequent consumption of white bread were associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, whereas frequent consumption of chicken, cooked potatoes and fruit drinks had an inverse association. Risk of gastric cancer can be prevented by health education and increasing community awareness.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/etiology*; Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2, and dupA genotypes and correlation with clinical outcome in Malaysian patients with dyspepsia

Osman HA, Hasan H, Suppian R, Hassan S, Andee DZ, Abdul Majid N, et al.

Turk J Med Sci, 2015;45(4):940-6.

PMID: 26422871

BACKGROUND/AIM: The severity of disease outcome in dyspepsia has been attributed to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of H. pylori virulence genes (cagA, babA2, and dupA) and to determine whether or not there arises a significant correlation with clinical dyspepsia outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: H. pylori genotypes cagA, babA2, and dupA were identified by polymerase chain reactions from gastric biopsy samples in 105 H. pylori-positive patients.

RESULTS: The positive rates for cagA, babA2, and dupA genes in H. pylori dyspeptic patients were 69.5%, 41.0%, and 22.9%, respectivel cagA was more prevalent in Indians (39.7%), babA2 was more prevalent in Malays (39.5%), and dupA detection occurred more frequently in both Indians and Malays and at the same rate (37.5%). The Chinese inhabitants had the lowest prevalence of the three genes. Nonulcer disease patients had a significantly higher distribution of cagA (76.7%), babA2 (74.4%), and dupA (75.0%). There was no apparent association between these virulence genes and the clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSION: The lower prevalence of these genes and variations among different ethnicities implies that the strains are geographically and ethnically dependent. None of the virulence genes were knowingly beneficial in predicting the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection in our subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/microbiology; Stomach/pathology

Fulltext Semipurified Ethyl Acetate Partition of Methanolic Extract of Melastoma malabathricum Leaves Exerts Gastroprotective Activity Partly via Its Antioxidant-Antisecretory-Anti-Inflammatory Action and Synergistic Action of Several Flavonoid-Based Compounds

Ismail Suhaimy NW, Noor Azmi AK, Mohtarrudin N, Omar MH, Tohid SF, Cheema MS, et al.

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017;2017:6542631.

PMID: 28168011 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6542631

Recent study has demonstrated the gastroprotective activity of crude methanolic extract of M. malabathricum leaves. The present study evaluated the gastroprotective potential of semipurified extracts (partitions): petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EAMM), and aqueous obtained from the methanolic extract followed by the elucidation of the gastroprotective mechanisms of the most effective partition. Using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer assay, all partitions exerted significant gastroprotection, with EAMM being the most effective partition. EAMM significantly (i) reduced the volume and acidity (free and total) while increasing the pH of gastric juice and enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion when assessed using the pylorus ligation assay, (ii) increased the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of the stomach tissue, (iii) lost its gastroprotective activity following pretreatment with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO blocker) or carbenoxolone (CBXN; NP-SH blocker), (iv) exerted antioxidant activity against various in vitro oxidation assays, and (v) showed moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity via the LOX-modulated pathway. In conclusion, EAMM exerts a remarkable NO/NP-SH-dependent gastroprotective effect that is attributed to its antisecretory and antioxidant activities, ability to stimulate the gastric mucus production and endogenous antioxidant system, and synergistic action of several gastroprotective-induced flavonoids.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy*; Stomach Ulcer/pathology

Fulltext Dieulafoy's lesion: an unexpected and rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Rajanthran SK, Singh HC, Than DJ, Hayati F

BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Dec 23;13(12).

PMID: 33361139 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240905

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Diseases/diagnosis*; Stomach Diseases/therapy

Fulltext Usefulness of conventional ultrasonography in identifying normal and abnormal gastric antrum

George J

Singapore Med J, 1996 Apr;37(2):181-3.

PMID: 8942259

This study evaluates the usefulness of measuring gastric antral thickness on conventional ultrasonography as a means of suggesting gastric antral pathology. Normal and abnormal appearances of the gastric antrum are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/pathology; Stomach Neoplasms/ultrasonography*

Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 305 in total