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Fulltext StreptoBase: An Oral Streptococcus mitis Group Genomic Resource and Analysis Platform

Zheng W, Tan TK, Paterson IC, Mutha NV, Siow CC, Tan SY, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0151908.
PMID: 27138013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151908

The oral streptococci are spherical Gram-positive bacteria categorized under the phylum Firmicutes which are among the most common causative agents of bacterial infective endocarditis (IE) and are also important agents in septicaemia in neutropenic patients. The Streptococcus mitis group is comprised of 13 species including some of the most common human oral colonizers such as S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sanguinis and S. gordonii as well as species such as S. tigurinus, S. oligofermentans and S. australis that have only recently been classified and are poorly understood at present. We present StreptoBase, which provides a specialized free resource focusing on the genomic analyses of oral species from the mitis group. It currently hosts 104 S. mitis group genomes including 27 novel mitis group strains that we sequenced using the high throughput Illumina HiSeq technology platform, and provides a comprehensive set of genome sequences for analyses, particularly comparative analyses and visualization of both cross-species and cross-strain characteristics of S. mitis group bacteria. StreptoBase incorporates sophisticated in-house designed bioinformatics web tools such as Pairwise Genome Comparison (PGC) tool and Pathogenomic Profiling Tool (PathoProT), which facilitate comparative pathogenomics analysis of Streptococcus strains. Examples are provided to demonstrate how StreptoBase can be employed to compare genome structure of different S. mitis group bacteria and putative virulence genes profile across multiple streptococcal strains. In conclusion, StreptoBase offers access to a range of streptococci genomic resources as well as analysis tools and will be an invaluable platform to accelerate research in streptococci. Database URL: http://streptococcus.um.edu.my.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth/microbiology*
Aggressive, multifocal oral verrucous leukoplakia: proliferative verrucous leukoplakia or not?

Ghazali N, Bakri MM, Zain RB

J Oral Pathol Med, 2003 Aug;32(7):383-92.
PMID: 12846784

Some oral verrucal lesions may constitute parts of the clinicopathological spectrum of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). Because of its idiopathic yet sinister nature, it is possible that PVL may exist in other populations. The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathological features of persistent, multifocal, oral verrucal lesions in Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/classification; Mouth Diseases/pathology; Mouth Mucosa/pathology; Mouth Neoplasms/classification*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
The occurrence of oral-mucosal lesions among employees of a steelmill--a preliminary study

Zain RB, Koh LS

Dent J Malays, 1988 Nov;10(2):37-40.
PMID: 3271126

A study has been conducted on 198 employees of a steel-mill industry. These participants were examined for mucosal lesions in the oral cavity and including the commissures and vermillion borders of the lips. The prevalences of 16 types of lesions are reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/epidemiology*
The dental health of factory workers in Pasir Gudang, Johor (Malaysia)

Abdul Majid Z, Zain RB

Dent J Malays, 1988 May;10(1):38-41.
PMID: 3271120

A study on the oral health status of 198 factory workers (in Antara Steel, Pasir Gudang, Johor) was carried out in November 1986. The subjects were predominantly male (94%) and Malay (91%) with an average age of 27.4 years. The prevalence of caries was 87.4% with a mean DMFT of 7.1 + 5.4. There were 3 subjects with full upper, lower dentures and 16 subjects with partial dentures. Two subjects examined needed dentures but were not wearing them. Thirty five (17.7%) of those examined needed urgent extractions, and 8 needed emergency treatment for fillings. Enamel opacities were found in 141 subjects (75.6%) but only 9 were aware of these defects. Dental health was very poor with 72% examined needing scaling. Seventeen (9%) had gross supra and subgingival calculus. There was a total of 107 (54%) smokers and heavy nicotine stains were found in 41 (20.7%), of the population examined. Examination of soft tissues showed 111 (56%) subjects with recurrent aphthous ulcers whilst 15 (7.6%) suffered from herpes labialis. Five subjects (2.5%) suffered from denture stomatitis whilst the prevalence of other soft tissue lesions was very low.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext The chromosomal DNA damage in buccal mucosa cells among schools children in the vicinity of mobile base stations in Selangor

Raihanah Chokeli, Nur Azira Baharuddin, Vivien How, Nurul Syazani Yuswir, Shariza Afini Mohd Noor, Ho Yu Bin, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(204):124-129.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The increased use of mobile phones has increased the mobile base stations (MBS) deployment. While understanding of radiation protection is growing among the public, questions regarding early-life exposure to ra- diofrequency radiation (RFR) from MBS in children are of importance as to whether it will raise the chances of developing chronic diseases during adulthood. Taking into account the sitting location of MBS, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the chromosomal DNA damage in buccal mucosal cells between school children exposed to RFR emitted from base station antennas. Method: This is a comparative cross-sectional study in which two group of school children were sampled i.e. exposed groups are children whose school located near MBS (200 meters); un- exposed groups are children whose school located distant far from the MBS (>200 meters). Digital RF Analyzer was used to measure RFR at the school surrounding. Buccal mucosa cells from the oral cavity were sampled to examine the level of micronuclei (MN) frequencies. Results: This study found that the densities of the RFR energy differed in range. Although all measurements showed the RFR reading below the acceptable exposure level, there were still sig- nificant variations at each location assessed. Statistically, the MN frequency is significantly different when compared to the exposed and non-exposed group. Conclusion: To understand the mechanism of health effects from exposure to low-level RFR emited from MBS, further study should consider environmental factors influencing MBS sitting on RFR emission, as well as examining the health effects into molecular levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth; Mouth Mucosa
Clinical interpretation of findings from a systematic review and a comprehensive meta-analysis on clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) arising in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP)

Jayaraj R, Shetty SS, Kumaraswamy C, Gothandam KM, Ram MR, Shaw P

Oral Oncol, 2020 09;108:104974.
PMID: 32798186 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104974
Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial biopsied specimens in Malaysian newborns and infants

Binti Shuhairi NN, Bt Abdul Jalil A, Lau SH, Bt Mohd Ghazali S, Kee CC

Int J Paediatr Dent, 2021 Jul;31(4):496-503.
PMID: 32815206 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12719

BACKGROUND: Globally, research on oral and maxillofacial lesions among newborns and infants remains limited.
AIM: To describe demographic patterns, histopathological findings, and locations of oral and maxillofacial lesions in newborns (birth-1 month) and infants (>1 month-2 years) reported over 51 years.
DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study on histopathological records of newborns and infants was conducted. Patients' demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race), histopathological diagnosis, and lesion's location were gathered. Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test was performed to determine associations between demographic characteristics and different categories of lesions.
RESULTS: Out of 66,546 specimens received, 0.44% (290 specimens) were from patients aged 2 years and younger (27 newborns and 263 infants). The most common category was inflammatory/reactive (44.2%), followed by tumour/tumour-like (42.0%), cystic/pseudocystic (6.6%), and miscellaneous lesions (5.5%). Mucous extravasation cysts (23.4%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7.2%) were the most common histopathological diagnoses. Tumour/tumour-like lesions were significant in newborns (P = .021), and majority were congenital epulis (40.7%). Inflammatory/reactive lesions were significantly higher in male (P = .025) and infants (P =

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases*
Fulltext Beta carotene intake and oral cancer risk

Ng LC, Helen, Razak IA, Ghani WMN, Marhazlinda J, Rahman ZAA, Norlida A, et al.

Ann Dent, 2015;22(1):2-5.
MyJurnal

This study aims to identify the relationship between dietary intakes of β-carotene with risk of oral cancer.
Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted on 306 Malaysians who seek treatment at participating centres/hospitals. Subjects selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Data and Tissue Banking System (MOCDTBS) consisted of 153 cases and 153 controls that were matched for gender, age (±5 years) and ethnicity. Food consumption was measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). NutrieMart Version 2.0.0 software was used to estimate daily nutrient of each subject from the FFQ. Logistic Regression analysis was conducted to compute the odds ratio (OR) for intakes of β-carotene and oral cancer risk.
Results: Intake of β-carotene was found to be not associated with risk of oral cancer (OR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.42-1.66, p>0.05).
Conclusion: No significant association was found between dietary intakes of β-carotene with oral cancer risk in this study population.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
Incidence of oro-dental diseases in Malaya

TRATMAN EK

Br Dent J, 1949 Aug 19;87(4):87-91.
PMID: 18134610
Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases*
Fulltext Granular cells in a benign parotid gland tumour: an attempt to understand its probable histogenesis

George, T., Zain, R.B., Abraham, M.T.

Ann Dent, 2011;18(1):30-35.
MyJurnal

Tumours that occur in the oral cavity may contain granular cells as a component of their pathology. A more common granular cell lesion occurring in the head and neck region is the granular cell tumour (GCT) that usually arises in the tongue or the buccal mucosa. Granular cell tumours are very rare in the parotid gland with only 11 cases previously reported in the English literature. We report a case of a benign tumour involving the parotid gland of a young female patient. The case was diagnostically challenging due to the large proportion of granular cells masking the underlying pathology. Histopathological features and immunohistochemical analysis favoured a diagnosis of a benign GCT. The present report provides an insight into the differential diagnosis and attempts to characterise the granular cells with the use of the wellestablished immunohistochemical markers and conventional histopathological techniques.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth; Mouth Mucosa
Surgical management of patients with advanced buccal pouch cancer

Sivaloganathan V

Med J Malaya, 1971 Dec;26(2):116-9.
PMID: 4260856
Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/surgery*
Fulltext The oral mucosa and Langerhans cells in smokers: Evidence for carcinogenesis

Khoo SP, Lee, K.W.

Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.
MyJurnal

A study was carried out to investigate whether smoking had any effect on the Langerhans cells in the oral mucosa, which might throw light onto the mechanism of malignant transformation of some keratotic lesions in the oral cavity. Thirty-two cases of keratotic lesions from biopsy specimens of smokers and non-smokers were studied. Langerhans cells were identified by immuno cytochemical staining for 5100 proteins and their densities quantified. Smokers were associated with a significant reduction in the Langerhans cell population compared to non-smokers. The mean values of Langellans cell density in light smokers and heavy smokers were 2 2 2 28.64/mm and 33.421mm respectively compared to 66.51/mm in non- smokers. There was a dose-response relation between the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the effect on cell counts. These findings of a local immunological effect of smoking on oral epithelium may explain the means by which cigarette smoking contributes to the development of oral cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms
The usage of living cartilage homografts in pre-prosthetic surgery

Loke LT

Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1969 Oct;9(2):34-44.
PMID: 4906531
Matched MeSH terms: Mouth, Edentulous/surgery
Fulltext Angioleiomyoma (Vascular Leiomyoma) of the Oral Cavity

Rawal SY, Rawal YB

Head Neck Pathol, 2018 Mar;12(1):123-126.
PMID: 28589436 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0827-9

A 70-year-old male presented with a slow growing, dome shaped and painless mass of the hard palate. The mass was excised. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a angioleiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma). A leiomyoma is an uncommon benign tumor of smooth muscle differentiation. True leiomyomas of the oral cavity are rare and most oral tumors are derived from the smooth muscle of walls of blood vessels. Therefore, they are called vascular leiomyomas or angioleiomyomas. Clinically, they may resemble a myriad other conditions both benign and malignant. A definitive diagnosis depends upon histopathological examination of the biopsied tissue in correlation with the tumor cell immunohistochemistry. Tumors are excised and recurrence is rare. The histopathological findings and differential diagnosis of a case of a palatal angioleiomyoma are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*
Changes in health-related quality of life of oral cancer patients treated with curative intent: experience of a developing country

Doss JG, Ghani WMN, Razak IA, Yang YH, Rogers SN, Zain RB

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2017 Jun;46(6):687-698.
PMID: 28318871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1269

This study aimed to assess changes in oral cancer patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the impact of disease stage on HRQOL scores. HRQOL data were collected from seven hospital-based centres using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N) version 4.0 instrument. The independent samples t-test, χ(2) test, and paired samples t-test were used to analyse the data. A total of 300 patients were recruited. The most common oral cancer sub-site was tongue and floor of mouth (42.6%). Surgical intervention (41.1%) was the most common treatment modality. Significant differences in ethnicity and treatment modality were observed between early and late stage patients. Pre-treatment HRQOL scores were significantly lower for late than early stage patients. At 1 month post-treatment, the functional and head and neck domains and the FACT-H&N (TOI) summary scores showed significant deterioration in both early and late stage patients. In contrast, the emotional domain showed a significant improvement for early and late stage patients at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Although HRQOL deterioration was still observed among early and late stage patients at 6 months post-treatment, this was not statistically significant. In conclusion, advanced disease is associated with poorer HRQOL. Although ethnic differences were observed across different disease stages, the influence of ethnicity on patient HRQOL was not evident in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms
C-kit Expression in Oral Leukoplakia

Tegginamani AS, Shivakumar VH, Ismail SMB, Abraham MT, Fernandes BA, Zamzuri ATB

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2022 Feb;32(2):256-258.
PMID: 35108805 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.02.256

Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant oral disorder. Oral leukoplakia's malignant potential is independent of the histopathological grade, and the malignant transformation rate varies greatly from 3% to 50% even in the case of severe epithelial dysplasia. Ethnic & environmental variables may contribute to this variation. C-kit immunohistochemistry was performed on 15 oral leukoplakia (OL), two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and two dentigerous cysts (DC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the c-kit expression in oral leukoplakia. The use of various immunohistochemical markers to differentiate between OLs with a high and low risk of malignant transformation has been investigated. Only four OL exhibited a faint cytoplasmic expression in basal cells. Whereas, OSCC and DC were devoid of c-kit expression. Thus, this may not be a unique marker for identifying OL at high-risk. Further research with larger sample size is required. Key Words: CD 117, Disease progression, Oral dysplasia, Oral leukoplakia, Risk prediction.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
Fulltext Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma - review of all published cases: is it a justifiable addition as a malignancy?

Lim D, Tan CC, Tilakaratne WM, Goh YC

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2021 02 27;88(1):118-129.
PMID: 33715971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.007

INTRODUCTION: Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was a new addition to the list of head and neck tumors by World Health Organization in 2017. This lesion has scarcely been reported and a lack of pathognomonic markers for diagnosis exists.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to summarize findings from the available literature to provide up-to-date information on sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and to analyse clinical, radiological, and histopathological features to obtain information for and against as an odontogenic malignancy.
METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of literature by searching Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases, according to PRISMA guidelines. All the cases reported as sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma in English were included. Data retrieved from the articles were gender, age, clinical features, site, relevant medical history, radiographical findings, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, treatments provided and prognosis.
RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis of sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was 54.4 years with a very slight female predilection. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was commonly reported in the mandible as an expansile swelling which can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or paraesthesia. They appeared radiolucent with cortical resorption in radiograph evaluation. Histologically, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was composed of epithelioid cells in dense, fibrous, or sclerotic stroma with equivocal perineural invasion. Mild cellular atypia and inconspicuous mitotic activity were observed. There is no specific immunohistochemical marker for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. AE1/AE3, CK 5/6, CK 14, CK19, p63 and E-cadherin were the widely expressed markers for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. Surgical resection was the main treatment provided with no recurrence in most cases. No cases of metastasis were reported.
CONCLUSION: From the literature available, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma is justifiable as a malignant tumor with no or unknown metastatic potential which can be adequately treated with surgical resection. However, there is insufficient evidence for histological grading or degree of malignancy of this tumor.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
Fulltext Tobacco Pouch Keratosis in a young individual: A brief description

Donald PM, Renjith G, Arora A

J Indian Soc Periodontol, 2018 2 15;21(3):249-251.
PMID: 29440796 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_109_17

Smokeless tobacco is used orally or nasally without burning tobacco. This is equally harmful as smokers due to the tobacco content and can cause oral cancer as well as systemic effects such as nicotinic dependence. Many other oral conditions have also been reported in association with smokeless tobacco. This paper presents features of tobacco pouch keratosis and aims to highlight the oral effects of smokeless tobacco, management, and guidelines for dentists in educating and counselling tobacco users.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms
Calibration improves the agreement in grading oral epithelial dysplasia-Findings from a National Workshop in Malaysia

Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Ghani WMN, Karen-Ng LP, Siriwardena BSMS, Cheong SC, et al.

J Oral Pathol Med, 2024 Jan;53(1):53-60.
PMID: 38081145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13501

INTRODUCTION: A major pitfall of many of the established oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) grading criteria is their lack of reproducibility and accuracy to predict malignant transformation. The main objective of this study was to determine whether calibration of practicing oral pathologists on OED grading could improve the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.
METHODS: A nationwide online exercise was carried out to determine the influence of calibration on the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.
RESULTS: A significant improvement was observed in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system (K 0.196 vs. 0.448; Kw 0.357 vs. 0.562) after the calibration exercise. The significant difference (p = 0.027) in the level of agreement between those with five or more years and less than 5 years of experience was no more observed (p = 0.426) after the calibration exercise. The percent agreement for binary grading was significantly higher (91.8%) for buccal mucosal lesions as compared to lesions on the tongue after the calibration exercise.
CONCLUSION: This study validates the significance of calibration in improving the reproducibility of OED grading. The nationwide exercise resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system among a large number of oral pathologists. It is highly recommended that similar exercises should be organized periodically by professional bodies responsible for continuing education among oral pathologists to improve the reliability of OED grading for optimal treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology
Fulltext Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies

Su Mun L, Wye Lum S, Kong Yuiin Sze G, Hock Yoong C, Ching Yung K, Kah Lok L, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Jul 06;18(14).
PMID: 34299675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147224

The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially Fusobacteria, whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa Streptococci. Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*

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