MyMedR

Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 186 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Investigation of structural, electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional MoS2-doped-V2O5 composites for photocatalytic application: a density functional theory study

Jameel MH, Sufi Bin Roslan M, Bin Mayzan MZH, Agam MAB, Zaki ZI, Fallatah AM

R Soc Open Sci, 2023 Jul;10(7):230503.
PMID: 37476508 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230503

In the present research, the structural, electronic and optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide-doped transition metal oxides MoS2-doped-V2O5 with various doping concentrations (x = 1-3%) of MoS2 atoms are studied by using first principles calculation. The generalized gradient approximation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof simulation approach is used to investigate the energy bandgap (Eg) of orthorhombic structures. We examined the energy bandgap (Eg) decrement from 2.76 to 1.30 eV with various doping (x = 1-3%) of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) atoms. The bandgap nature shows that the material is a well-known direct bandgap semiconductor. MoS2 doping (x = 1-3%) atoms in pentoxide (V2O5) creates the extra gamma active states which contribute to the formation of conduction and valance bands. MoS2-doped-V2O5 composite is a proficient photocatalyst, has a large surface area for absorption of light, decreases the electron-hole pairs recombination rate and increases the charge transport. A comprehensive study of optical conductivity reveals that strong peaks of MoS2-doped-V2O5 increase in ultraviolet spectrum region with small shifts at larger energy bands through increment doping x = 1-3% atoms of MoS2. A significant decrement was found in the reflectivity due to the decrement in the bandgap with doping. The optical properties significantly increased by the decrement of bandgap (Eg). Two-dimensional MoS2-doped-V2O5 composite has high energy absorption, optical conductivity and refractive index, and is an appropriate material for photocatalytic applications.
Numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamics in an Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid flow on wall jet heat and mass transfer

Yaseen M, Rawat SK, Khan U, Sarris IE, Khan H, Negi AS, et al.

Nanotechnology, 2023 Sep 14;34(48).
PMID: 37625394 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf3f6

The customization of hybrid nanofluids to achieve a particular and controlled growth rate of thermal transport is done to meet the needs of applications in heating and cooling systems, aerospace and automotive industries, etc. Due to the extensive applications, the aim of the current paper is to derive a numerical solution to a wall jet flow problem through a stretching surface. To study the flow problem, authors have considered a non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid with water and CoFe2O4and TiO2nanoparticles. Furthermore, the impact of a magnetic field and irregular heat sink/source are studied. To comply with the applications of the wall jet flow, the authors have presented the numerical solution for two cases; with and without a magnetic field. The numerical solution is derived with a similarity transformation and MATLAB-based bvp4c solver. The value of skin friction for wall jet flow at the surface decreases by more than 50% when the magnetic fieldMA=0.2is present. The stream function value is higher for the wall jet flow without the magnetic field. The temperature of the flow rises with the dominant strength of the heat source parameters. The results of this investigation will be beneficial to various applications that utilize the applications of a wall jet, such as in car defrosters, spray paint drying for vehicles or houses, cooling structures for the CPU of high-processor laptops, sluice gate flows, and cooling jets over turbo-machinery components, etc.
Fulltext Predicting compressive strength of eco-friendly plastic sand paver blocks using gene expression and artificial intelligence programming

Iftikhar B, Alih SC, Vafaei M, Javed MF, Rehman MF, Abdullaev SS, et al.

Sci Rep, 2023 Jul 27;13(1):12149.
PMID: 37500697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39349-2

Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2 values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2 and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed that the sand grain size and percentage of fibres play an essential part in compressive strength. It was estimated that they contributed almost 50% of the total. The outcomes of this research have the potential to promote the reuse of PSPB in the building of green environments, hence boosting environmental protection and economic advantage.
Benzenesulfonamides incorporating bulky aromatic/heterocyclic tails with potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity

Bozdag M, Alafeefy AM, Vullo D, Carta F, Dedeoglu N, Al-Tamimi AM, et al.

Bioorg Med Chem, 2015 Dec 15;23(24):7751-64.
PMID: 26639945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.023

Three series of sulfonamides incorporating long, bulky tails were obtained by applying synthetic strategies in which substituted anthranilic acids, quinazolines and aromatic sulfonamides have been used as starting materials. They incorporate long, bulky diamide-, 4-oxoquinazoline-3-yl- or quinazoline-4-yl moieties in their molecules, and were investigated for the inhibition of four physiologically relevant carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, the cytosolic human (h) hCA I and II, as well as the transmembrane hCA IX and XII. Most of the new sulfonamides showed excellent inhibitory effects against the four isoforms, with KIs of 7.6-322nM against hCA I, of 0.06-85.4nM against hCA II; of 6.7-152nM against hCA IX and of 0.49-237nM against hCA XII; respectively. However no relevant isoform-selective behavior has been observed for any of them, although hCA II and XII, isoforms involved in glaucoma-genesis were the most inhibited ones. The structure-activity relationship for inhibiting the four CAs with these derivatives is discussed in detail.
Fulltext A multi-modal approach to investigate Desmodium gangeticum's influence on stress-induced male infertility: In vivo, in vitro, and in silico assessments

Alqahtani YS, Chidrawar VR, Shiromwar S, Singh S, Maheshwari R, Chitme H, et al.

Biomed Pharmacother, 2024 Apr;173:116358.
PMID: 38430634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116358

Physical and psychological stress has an inverse relation with male libido and sperm quality. The present study investigates the potential fertility-enhancing properties of Desmodium gangeticum (DG) root extracts in male Wister rats subjected to immobilization-induced stress (SIMB). DG roots were extracted using n-hexane (HEDG), chloroform (CEDG), and water (AEDG). In the pilot study, aphrodisiac protentional was investigated at two doses (125 and 250 mg kg-1) of each extract. In the main study, the HEDG and AEDG at 125 and 250 mg kg-1 were challenged for the stress by immobilization (SIMB), for 6 h daily over 28 days. Parameters assessed included aphrodisiac effects, gonadosomatic index (GSI), semen quality, sperm quantity, fructose content, serum hormonal levels, testicular oxidative stress, and testicular histopathology. Additional in silico studies, including the lipid solubility index, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and SymMap studies were conducted for validation. HEDG demonstrated significant aphrodisiac activity, improved - GSI, sperm quality and quantity, and fructose content, serum testosterone levels, histological changes induced by SIMB in the testes. Swiss ADME studies indicated Gangetin (a pterocarpan) had a high brain permeation index (4.81), a superior docking score (-8.22), and higher glide energy (-42.60), compared with tadalafil (-7.17). The 'Lig fit Prot' plot in molecular dynamics simulations revealed a strong alignment between Gangetin and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). HEDG exerts aphrodisiac effects by increasing blood testosterone levels and affecting PDE5 activity. The protective effects on spermatozoa-related parameters and testicular histological changes are attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, of pterocarpan (gangetin).
Fulltext Impaired energy metabolism and altered brain histoarchitecture characterized by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport-linked enzymes in rats exposed to diisononyl phthalate

Kehinde SA, Ore A, Olajide AT, Ajiboye EO, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, et al.

Heliyon, 2024 Aug 30;10(16):e36056.
PMID: 39224312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36056

The brain is an energy demanding organ, constituting about 20 % of the body's resting metabolic rate. An efficient energy metabolism is critical to neuronal functions. Glucose serves as the primary essential energy source for the adult brain and plays a critical role in supporting neural growth and development. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as phthalates has been shown to have a negative impact on neurological functions. The impact of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) on neural energy transduction using cellular energy metabolizing enzymes as indicators was examined. Over the course of 14 days, eighteen (18) albino rats divided into three groups (1,2 and 3) of six albino rats were given Tween-80/saline, 20 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. In the brain, we assessed histological changes as well as activities of selected enzymes of energy metabolism such as the glycolytic pathway, citric acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport-linked complexes. Activities of the glycolytic and TCA cycle enzymes assayed were significantly decreased except citrate synthase activity with no statistically significant change following the administration of DiNP. Also, respiratory chain complexes (Complex I-IV) activities were significantly reduced when compared to control. DiNP exposure altered the histological integrity of various brain sections. These include degenerated Purkinje neurons, distortion of the granular layer and Purkinje cell layer. Data from this study indicated impaired brain energy metabolism via down-regulation of enzymes of cellular respiration of the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways and altered brain histoarchitecture orchestrated by DiNP exposure.
Fulltext Correction: Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model

Kehinde SA, Olajide AT, Fatokun TP, Fouad D, Hadi NR, Elgazzar AM, et al.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2025 Mar;398(3):3177.
PMID: 39527312 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03586-7
Fulltext Dysfunctional cardiac energy transduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, oncogenic and apoptotic signaling in DiNP-induced asthma in murine model

Kehinde SA, Olajide AT, Fatokun TP, Fouad D, Hadi NR, Elgazzar AM, et al.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2025 Mar;398(3):2833-2843.
PMID: 39287675 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03454-4

Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) has been associated with the development of allergies, asthma, and allergic airway inflammation. Through a complex interplay of signals and feedback mechanisms, the lungs communicate with the heart to ensure maintenance of homeostasis and supporting the body's metabolic demands. In the current study, we assessed the crosstalk between DiNP-induced asthma and cardiac cellular respiration, oxidative stress, apoptotic potential, and induction of oncogenic factors. Ten male BALB/c mice with a weight range of 20-30 g were divided into two groups, each comprising five mice. Group 1 (control), was administered saline orally for a duration of 30 days. In contrast, group 2 (DiNP group), received 50 mg/kg of DiNP to induce asthma. After the final administration and asthma induction, the mice were euthanized, and their hearts were excised, processed, and subjected to biochemical analyses. The DiNP group had downregulated (P
Laser-Driven Dissection Achieves Earlier Continence Recovery Than Blunt Dissection During Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate

Harraz AM, Aldousari S, Eltafahny AI, Almoumen A, Thahir A, Ajrawi F, et al.

Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 2025 Jan;17(1):e70006.
PMID: 39788152 DOI: 10.1111/luts.70006

OBJECTIVES: During holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP), blunt dissection (BD) by pushing the tip of the scope may exert mechanical force on the sphincter that could be avoided by adopting laser dissection (LD). This study evaluates the continence recovery in consecutive patients who underwent BD and LD.
METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients who underwent LD was compared with a retrospective control that underwent BD. In both groups, early apical release was performed, and the adenoma was split at 12 O'clock after complete enucleation. In LD, a trans-capsular plane was sharply created by LD and is guided by the circular capsular fibers. A mechanical push with the resectoscope tip was used to create and maintain the ideal surgical plane in the BD group while the laser energy was used to achieve timely hemostasis. The primary outcome was stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as the need to use any number of pads, immediately after catheter removal, at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively.
RESULTS: Consecutive 51 (48.6%) and 54 (51.4%) patients underwent BD and LD, respectively. The LD group tends to be older while other demographics were comparable. Both groups were comparable regarding the estimated prostate volume, enucleation time, and postoperative resolution of symptoms. Continence recovery was in favor of the LD group immediately after removing the catheter (77.8% vs. 43.1%; p
Retraction notice to "Impaired energy metabolism and altered brain histoarchitecture characterized by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport-linked enzymes in rats exposed to diisononyl phthalate" [Heliyon 10 (2024) e36056]

Kehinde SA, Ore A, Olajide AT, Ajiboye EO, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, et al.

Heliyon, 2025 Mar 20;11(6):e43159.
PMID: 40201523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43159

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36056.].
Fulltext OX40 Stimulation Enhances Protective Immune Responses Induced After Vaccination With Attenuated Malaria Parasites

Othman AS, Franke-Fayard BM, Imai T, van der Gracht ETI, Redeker A, Salman AM, et al.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2018;8:247.
PMID: 30073152 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00247

Protection against a malaria infection can be achieved by immunization with live-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites and while the precise mechanisms of protection remain unknown, T cell responses are thought to be critical in the elimination of infected liver cells. In cancer immunotherapies, agonistic antibodies that target T cell surface proteins, such as CD27, OX40 (CD134), and 4-1BB (CD137), have been used to enhance T cell function by increasing co-stimulation. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of agonistic OX40 monoclonal antibody treatment on protective immunity induced in mice immunized with genetically attenuated parasites (GAPs). OX40 stimulation enhanced protective immunity after vaccination as shown by an increase in the number of protected mice and delay to blood-stage infection after challenge with wild-type sporozoites. Consistent with the enhanced protective immunity enforced OX40 stimulation resulted in an increased expansion of antigen-experienced effector (CD11ahiCD44hi) CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the liver and spleen and also increased IFN-γ and TNF producing CD4+ T cells in the liver and spleen. In addition, GAP immunization plus α-OX40 treatment significantly increased sporozoite-specific IgG responses. Thus, we demonstrate that targeting T cell costimulatory receptors can improve sporozoite-based vaccine efficacy.
Fulltext Diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat and development of novel virulence scales

Fahim Abbas M, Batool S, Khaliq S, Mubeen S, Azziz-Ud-Din, Ullah N, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(10):e0257951.
PMID: 34648523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257951

Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is an important fruit crop in Pakistan; however, a constant decline in its production is noted due biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly disease infestation. Fungal pathogens are the major disease-causing agents; therefore, their identification is necessary for devising management options. This study explored Taxila, Wah-Cantt, Tret, Chatar, Murree, Kalar-Kahar, Choa-Saidan-Shah and Khan-Pur districts in the Punjab and Khyber Paktoon Khawa (KPK) provinces of Pakistan to explore the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with loquat. The samples were collected from these districts and their microscopic characterizations were accomplished for reliable identification. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergilus flavis, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and Phomopsis sp. were the fungal pathogens infesting loquat in the study area. The isolates of A. alternata and C. lunata were isolated from leaf spots and fruit rot, while the isolates of L. theobromae were associated with twig dieback. The remaining pathogens were allied with fruit rot. The nucleotide evidence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2) were computed from all the pathogens and submitted in the database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). For multigene analysis, beta-tubulin (BT) gene and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regions were explored for A. alternata and C. lunata isolates, respectively. The virulence scales of leaf spots, fruit rot, and twig dieback diseases of loquat were developed for the first time through this study. It is the first comprehensive study with morpho-molecular identification, and newly developed virulence scales of the fungal pathogens associated with loquat, which improves the understanding of these destructive diseases.
Fulltext Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes grown under varying salinity levels

Butt M, Sattar A, Abbas T, Hussain R, Ijaz M, Sher A, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(11):e0257893.
PMID: 34735478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257893

Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in huge crop losses throughout the world. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a salt-susceptible crop; therefore, its growth and yield is negatively impacted by salinity. Irreversible damage at cell level and photo inhibition due to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and less CO2 availability caused by water stress is directly linked with salinity. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the impact of five NaCl salinity levels, i.e., 0,1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m-1 on growth, biochemical attributes and yield of two chili genotypes ('Plahi' and 'A-120'). Salinity stress significantly reduced fresh and dry weight, relative water contents, water use efficiency, leaf osmotic potential, glycine betaine (GB) contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and chlorophyll contents of tested genotypes. Salinity stress significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of the enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). In addition, increasing salinity levels significantly reduced the tissue phosphorus and potassium concentrations, while enhanced the tissue sodium and chloride concentrations. Genotype 'Plahi' had better growth and biochemical attributes compared to 'A-120'. Therefore, 'Plahi' is recommended for saline areas to improve chili production.
Fulltext Sustainable phosphorous management in two different soil series of Pakistan by evaluating dynamics of phosphatic fertilizer source

Aimen A, Basit A, Bashir S, Aslam Z, Shahid MF, Amjad S, et al.

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2022 Jan;29(1):255-260.
PMID: 35002416 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.086

Phosphorous (P) plays the prominent role to promote the plants storage functions and structural roles, as it is recognized as a vital component of ADP, ATP, Cell wall as well as a part of DNA. Soils acts as the sink to supply P to plants because soil pH and its physical condition are the main factor which regulate the solubility and availability P element. Phosphorus is not deficient in Pakistani soils but its availability to plants is the serious matter of concern. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate P dynamics in two different soil series of Pakistan (Bahawalpur and Lyallpur) using Maize as test crop. The treatments applied were T0: Control (without any fertilizer), T1: Recommended DAP @648 mg pot-1, T2: Half dose DAP @324 mg pot-1, T3: Recommended rate of TSP @900 mg pot-1, T4: Half dose TSP @450 mg pot-1. Soil analysis showed that Bahawalpur soil has sandy clay loam texture with 33% clay and Lyallpur series has sandy loam texture with 15.5% clay; furthermore, these soil contain 4.6 and 2.12% CaCO3 respectively. Results showed an increase in P concentration in roots (23 mg kg-1) with the application of half dose of TSP in Lyallpur series and lowest in Bahawalpur series (14.6 mg kg-1) at recommended dose of DAP. Concentration of P in shoots responded the same; increase at half dose of TSP (16.7 mg kg-1) and lowest at full dose of DAP in Bahawalpur series as (15.58 mg kg-1). Adsorbed P (17 mg kg-1) was recorded highest in Bahawalpur soil with more clay amount in pot with DAP application but lower in Lyallpur soil series (14 mg kg-1) with the application of applied TSP. The PUE was recorded highest in Lyallpur series with the application of half dose of TSP and it was 61% more than control and was Highest in Bahawalpur series was with the application of recommended dose of DAP is 72% more than control treatment. On estimation; results showed that applied sources made an increase in P availability than control, but TSP gave better P uptake than DAP unless of rates applied. Soil of Lyallpur series showed better uptake of P and response to applied fertilizers than Bahawalpur series which showed more adsorption of P by high clay and CaCO3 amount. Conclusively, the study suggested that soil series play a crucial role in choosing fertilizer source for field application.
Fulltext CaWRKY30 Positively Regulates Pepper Immunity by Targeting CaWRKY40 against Ralstonia solanacearum Inoculation through Modulating Defense-Related Genes

Hussain A, Khan MI, Albaqami M, Mahpara S, Noorka IR, Ahmed MAA, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Nov 08;22(21).
PMID: 34769521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112091

The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) network is composed of WRKY TFs' subset, which performs a critical role in immunity regulation of plants. However, functions of WRKY TFs' network remain unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). This study functionally characterized CaWRKY30-a member of group III Pepper WRKY protein-for immunity of pepper against Ralstonia solanacearum infection. The CaWRKY30 was detected in nucleus, and its transcriptional expression levels were significantly upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI), and foliar application ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaWRKY30 amplified pepper's vulnerability to RSI. Additionally, the silencing of CaWRKY30 by VIGS compromised HR-like cell death triggered by RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, like CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaABR1, CaHIR1, and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 in pepper leaves instigated HR-like cell death and upregulated defense-related maker genes. Furthermore, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 upregulated transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. On the other hand, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 upregulated transcriptional expression levels of CaWRKY30. The results recommend that newly characterized CaWRKY30 positively regulates pepper's immunity against Ralstonia attack, which is governed by synergistically mediated signaling by phytohormones like ET, ABA, and SA, and transcriptionally assimilating into WRKY TFs networks, consisting of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. Collectively, our data will facilitate to explicate the underlying mechanism of crosstalk between pepper's immunity and response to RSI.
Fulltext Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and yield related attributes of chili under low nitrogen availability

Raza A, Ejaz S, Saleem MS, Hejnak V, Ahmad F, Ahmed MAA, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(12):e0261468.
PMID: 34919599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261468

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient desired by crop plants in large quantities. However, hiking fertilizer prices need alternative N sources for reducing its requirements through appropriate management practices. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are well-known for their role in lowering N requirements of crop plants. This study assessed the impact of PGPR inoculation on growth, allometry and biochemical traits of chili under different N doses. Two PGPR, i.e., Azospirillum 'Er-20' (nitrogen fixing) and Agrobacterium 'Ca-18' (phosphorous solubilizing) were used for inoculation, while control treatment had no PGPR inoculation. Six N doses, i.e., 100, 80, 75, 70, 60 and 50% of the N required by chili were included in the study. Data relating to growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits were recorded. Interaction among N doses and PGPR inoculation significantly altered all growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits. The highest values of the recorded traits were observed for 100% N with and without PGPR inoculation and 75% N with PGPR inoculation. The lowest values of the recorded traits were noted for 50% N without PGPR inoculation. The PGPR inoculation improved the measured traits compared to the traits recorded noted in same N dose without PGPR inoculation. Results revealed that PGPR had the potential to lower 25% N requirement for chili. Therefore, it is recommended that PGPR must be used in chili cultivation to lower N requirements.
Nanocomposites of iron oxide, sodium alginate, and eugenol induce apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in Hep3 cells and in vivo hepatotoxicity in the zebrafish model

Elderdery AY, Alzerwi NAN, Alzahrani B, Alsrhani A, Alsultan A, Rayzah M, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Jan;256(Pt 2):127490.
PMID: 37979758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127490

Hepatic cancer is among the most recurrently detected malignancies worldwide and one of the main contributors to cancer-associated mortality. With few available therapeutic choices, there is an instant necessity to explore suitable options. In this aspect, Nanotechnology has been employed to explore prospective chemotherapeutic approaches, especially for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology is concerned with the biological and physical properties of nanoparticles in the therapeutic use of drugs. In the current work, formulation, and characterization of α-Fe2O3-Sodium Alginate-Eugenol nanocomposites (FSE NCs) using several approaches like SEM and TEM, UV-visible, FTIR, and PL spectroscopy, XRD, EDAX, and DLS studies have been performed. With an average size of 50 nm, the rhombohedral structure of NCs was identified. Further, their anticancer activity against Hep3B liver cancer cell lines has been performed by cell viability, dual staining, DCFH-DA, Annexin-V/-FITC/PI, cell cycle analysis methods, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling proteins were studied to assess the anticancer effects of the NCs in Hep3B cells. Also, anti-cancer activity on animal modeling in-vivo using zebra fishes to hematological parameters, liver enzymes, and histopathology study effectiveness was noticed. Moreover, the NCs reduced the viability, elevated the ROS accumulation, diminished the membrane integrity, reduced the antioxidants, blocked the cell cycle, and triggered the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis that eventually resulted in cell death. As a result, FSE NCs possess huge potential for use as a possible anticancer candidate.
Fulltext Antibiotics for preventing infection at the surgical site: Single dose vs. multiple doses

Ahmed NJ, Haseeb A, AlQarni A, AlGethamy M, Mahrous AJ, Alshehri AM, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2023 Dec;31(12):101800.
PMID: 38028220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101800

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections are common and expensive infections that can cause fatalities or poor patient outcomes. To prevent these infections, antibiotic prophylaxis is used. However, excessive antibiotic use is related to higher costs and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
OBJECTIVES: The present meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single dosage versus several doses of antibiotics in preventing the development of surgical site infections.
METHODS: PubMed was used to find clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of a single dosage versus several doses of antibiotics in avoiding the development of surgical site infections. The study included trials that were published between 1984 and 2022. Seventy-four clinical trials were included in the analysis. Odds ratios were used to compare groups with 95% confidence intervals. The data were displayed using OR to generate a forest plot. Review Manager (RevMan version 5.4) was used to do the meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Regarding clean operations, there were 389 surgical site infections out of 5,634 patients in a single dose group (6.90%) and 349 surgical site infections out of 5,621 patients in multiple doses group (6.21%) (OR = 1.11, lower CI = 0.95, upper CI = 1.30). Regarding clean-contaminated operations, there were 137 surgical site infections out of 2,715 patients in a single dose group (5.05%) and 137 surgical site infections out of 2,355 patients in multiple doses group (5.82%) (OR = 0.87, lower CI = 0.68, upper CI = 1.11). Regarding contaminated operations, there were 302 surgical site infections out of 3,262 patients in a single dose group (9.26%) and 276 surgical site infections out of 3,212 patients in multiple doses group (8.59%) (OR = 1.11, lower CI = 0.84, upper CI = 1.47). In general, there were 828 surgical site infections out of 11,611 patients in a single dose group (7.13%) and 762 surgical site infections out of 11,188 patients in multiple doses group (6.81%) (OR = 1.05, lower CI = 0.93, upper CI = 1.20). The difference between groups was not significant.
CONCLUSION: The present study showed that using a single-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis was equally effective as using multiple doses of antibiotics in decreasing surgical site infections.
Fulltext Optimizing HCV Disease Prediction in Egypt: The hyOPTGB Framework

Elshewey AM, Shams MY, Tawfeek SM, Alharbi AH, Ibrahim A, Abdelhamid AA, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel), 2023 Nov 13;13(22).
PMID: 37998575 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223439

The paper focuses on the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egypt, which has one of the highest rates of HCV in the world. The high prevalence is linked to several factors, including the use of injection drugs, poor sterilization practices in medical facilities, and low public awareness. This paper introduces a hyOPTGB model, which employs an optimized gradient boosting (GB) classifier to predict HCV disease in Egypt. The model's accuracy is enhanced by optimizing hyperparameters with the OPTUNA framework. Min-Max normalization is used as a preprocessing step for scaling the dataset values and using the forward selection (FS) wrapped method to identify essential features. The dataset used in the study contains 1385 instances and 29 features and is available at the UCI machine learning repository. The authors compare the performance of five machine learning models, including decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), dummy classifier (DC), ridge classifier (RC), and bagging classifier (BC), with the hyOPTGB model. The system's efficacy is assessed using various metrics, including accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The hyOPTGB model outperformed the other machine learning models, achieving a 95.3% accuracy rate. The authors also compared the hyOPTGB model against other models proposed by authors who used the same dataset.
Fulltext Syzygium cumini (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells

Rayzah M, Elderdery AY, Alzerwi NAN, Alzahrani B, Alsrhani A, Alsultan A, et al.

Plants (Basel), 2023 Sep 05;12(18).
PMID: 37765338 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183174

An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seeds was utilized to green synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). UV-Visible, DLS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, SAED, EDAX, and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. The rutile crystal structure of TiO2 NPs was revealed by XRD study. The TEM and FESEM images of the TiO2 NPs revealed an average particle size of 50-100 nm. We employed EDAX to investigate the elemental compositions of TiO2 NPs. The O-Ti-O stretching bands appeared in the FTIR spectrum of TiO2 NPs at wavenumbers of 495 cm-1. The absorption edge peaks of TiO2 NPs were found in the UV-vis spectra at 397 nm. The MTT study revealed that TiO2 NPs effectively inhibited the growth of liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. The results of the corresponding fluorescent staining assays showed that TiO2 NPs significantly increased ROS generation, decreased MMP, and induced apoptosis in both liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. TiO2 nanoparticles lessened SOD, CAT, and GSH levels while augmenting MDA contents in Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. In both Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells treated with TiO2 NPs, the Bax, CytC, p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9 expressions were remarkably augmented, while Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated TiO2 NPs treatment considerably inhibited growth and triggered apoptosis in Hep3 and HepG2 cells.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links