Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 179 in total

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  1. The Family Diet Study: a cross-sectional study into the associations between diet, food habits and body weight status in Malay families
    Yang WY, Burrows T, MacDonald-Wicks L, Williams LT, Collins CE, Chee WS
    J Hum Nutr Diet, 2016 08;29(4):441-8.
    PMID: 26879748 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12356
    BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is becoming more common as Malaysia experiences rapid nutrition transition. Current evidence related to parental influences on child dietary intake and body weight status is limited. The present study aimed to report, among Malay families, the prevalence of energy mis-reporting and dietary relationships within family dyads.

    METHODS: The cross-sectional Family Diet Study (n = 236) was conducted at five primary schools in central of Peninsular Malaysia. Each family consisted of a Malay child, aged 8-12 years, and their main caregiver(s). Information on socio-demographics, dietary intake and anthropometry were collected. Correlations and regression analyses were used to assess dietary relationships within family dyads.

    RESULTS: Approximately 29.6% of the children and 75.0% parents were categorised as being overweight or obese. Intakes of nutrients and food groups were below the national recommended targets for majority of children and adults. A large proportion of energy intake mis-reporters were identified: mothers (55.5%), fathers (40.2%) and children (40.2%). Children's body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with parental BMI (fathers, r = 0.37; mothers, r = 0.34; P < 0.01). For dietary intakes, moderate-to-strong (0.35-0.72) and weak-to-moderate (0.16-0.35) correlations were found between mother-father and child-parent dyads, respectively. Multiple regression revealed that maternal percentage energy from fat (β = 0.09, P < 0.01) explained 81% of the variation in children's fat intake.

    CONCLUSIONS: Clear parental dietary relationships, especially child-mother dyads, were found. Despite a significant proportion of families with members who were overweight or obese, the majority reported dietary intakes below recommended levels, distorted by energy mis-reporting. The findings of the present study can inform interventions targeting parent-child relationships to improve family dietary patterns in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/ethnology
  2. Fulltext Low physical activity and energy dense Malaysian foods are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in centrally obese but not in non-centrally obese patients with diabetes mellitus
    Chan WK, Tan AT, Vethakkan SR, Tah PC, Vijayananthan A, Goh KL
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(2):289-98.
    PMID: 26078246 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.2.15
    To study the dietary intake and level of physical activity (PA) of patients with diabetes mellitus and the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake*
  3. Fulltext Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice
    Ishaq M, Tran D, Wu Y, Nowak K, Deans BJ, Xin JTZ, et al.
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021;12:615446.
    PMID: 33927690 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615446
    Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. In previous studies, three months of asperuloside administration reduced food intake, body weight, and adipose masses in rats consuming a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms by which asperuloside exerts its anti-obesity properties were not clarified. Here, we investigated homeostatic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms regulating food intake in mice consuming HFD. We confirmed the anti-obesity properties of asperuloside and, importantly, we identified some mechanisms that could be responsible for its therapeutic effect. Asperuloside reduced body weight and food intake in mice consuming HFD by 10.5 and 12.8% respectively, with no effect on mice eating a standard chow diet. Fasting glucose and plasma insulin were also significantly reduced. Mechanistically, asperuloside significantly reduced hypothalamic mRNA ghrelin, leptin, and pro-opiomelanocortin in mice consuming HFD. The expression of fat lingual receptors (CD36, FFAR1-4), CB1R and sweet lingual receptors (TAS1R2-3) was increased almost 2-fold by the administration of asperuloside. Our findings suggest that asperuloside might exert its therapeutic effects by altering nutrient-sensing receptors in the oral cavity as well as hypothalamic receptors involved in food intake when mice are exposed to obesogenic diets. This signaling pathway is known to influence the subtle hypothalamic equilibrium between energy homeostasis and reward-induced overeating responses. The present pre-clinical study demonstrated that targeting the gustatory system through asperuloside administration could represent a promising and effective new anti-obesity strategy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/drug effects
  4. Fulltext Physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults is linked to dietary intake, gut microbiota, and metabolomic signatures
    Castro-Mejía JL, Khakimov B, Krych Ł, Bülow J, Bechshøft RL, Højfeldt G, et al.
    Aging Cell, 2020 03;19(3):e13105.
    PMID: 31967716 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13105
    When humans age, changes in body composition arise along with lifestyle-associated disorders influencing fitness and physical decline. Here we provide a comprehensive view of dietary intake, physical activity, gut microbiota (GM), and host metabolome in relation to physical fitness of 207 community-dwelling subjects aged +65 years. Stratification on anthropometric/body composition/physical performance measurements (ABPm) variables identified two phenotypes (high/low-fitness) clearly linked to dietary intake, physical activity, GM, and host metabolome patterns. Strikingly, despite a higher energy intake high-fitness subjects were characterized by leaner bodies and lower fasting proinsulin-C-peptide/blood glucose levels in a mechanism likely driven by higher dietary fiber intake, physical activity and increased abundance of Bifidobacteriales and Clostridiales species in GM and associated metabolites (i.e., enterolactone). These factors explained 50.1% of the individual variation in physical fitness. We propose that targeting dietary strategies for modulation of GM and host metabolome interactions may allow establishing therapeutic approaches to delay and possibly revert comorbidities of aging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology*
  5. Fulltext Evaluation of delivery of enteral nutrition in mechanically ventilated Malaysian ICU patients
    Yip KF, Rai V, Wong KK
    BMC Anesthesiol, 2014;14:127.
    PMID: 25587238 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2253-14-127
    There are numerous challenges in providing nutrition to the mechanically ventilated critically ill ICU patient. Understanding the level of nutritional support and the barriers to enteral feeding interruption in mechanically ventilated patients are important to maximise the nutritional benefits to the critically ill patients. Thus, this study aims to evaluate enteral nutrition delivery and identify the reasons for interruptions in mechanically ventilated Malaysian patients receiving enteral feeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  6. Metabolic syndrome: The association of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle among Malaysian elderly people
    Johari SM, Shahar S
    Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2014;59(2):360-6.
    PMID: 24882592 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.04.003
    The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its predictors among Malaysian elderly. A total of 343 elderly aged ≥ 60 years residing low cost flats in an urban area in the central of Malaysia were invited to participate in health screening in community centers. Subjects were interviewed to obtain socio demography, health status and behavior data. Anthropometric measurements were also measured. A total of 30 ml fasting blood was taken to determine fasting serum lipid, glucose level and oxidative stress. MetS was classified according to The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 43.4%. More women (48.1%) were affected than men (36.3%) (p<0.05). Being obese or overweight was the strongest predictor for MetS in men and women (p<0.05, both gender). High carbohydrate intake increased risk of MetS in men by 2.8 folds. In women, higher fat free mass index, physical inactivity and good appetite increased risk of MetS by 3.9, 2.1 and 2.3 folds respectively. MetS affected almost half of Malaysian elderly being investigated, especially women, and is associated with obesity and unhealthy lifestyle. It is essential to develop preventive and intervention strategies to curb undesirable consequences associated with MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  7. Fulltext Effects of Gelam and Acacia honey acute administration on some biochemical parameters of Sprague Dawley rats
    Samat S, Nor NA, Nor Hussein F, Ismail WI
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:146.
    PMID: 24885010 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-146
    Since ancient times, honey has been used for medicinal purposes in many cultures; it is one of the oldest and most enduring substances used in wound management. Scientific evidence for its efficacy is widely studied, but systemic safety studies are still lacking. It is essential to study the impact of consumption of honey on the health and proper development of the consumer. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the effects of acute administration (14 days) of Gelam honey (GH), a wild harvesting honey and Acacia honey (AH), a beekeeping honey, on male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  8. Fulltext Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study
    Ganasegeran K, Al-Dubai SA, Qureshi AM, Al-abed AA, Am R, Aljunid SM
    Nutr J, 2012;11:48.
    PMID: 22809556 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-48
    BACKGROUND: Eating habits have been a major concern among university students as a determinant of health status. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of eating habits and its associated social and psychological factors among medical students.
    METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among 132 medical students of pre-clinical phase at a Malaysian university. A self-administered questionnaire was used which included questions on socio-demography, anthropometry, eating habits and psychosocial factors.
    RESULTS: Mean (± SD) age of the respondents was 22.7 (± 2.4) years and (the age) ranged from 18 to 30 years. More than half had regular meals and breakfast (57.6% &, 56.1% respectively). Majority (73.5%) consumed fruits less than three times per week, 51.5% had fried food twice or more a week and 59.8% drank water less than 2 liters daily. Eating habits score was significantly low among younger students (18-22 years), smokers, alcohol drinkers and those who did not exercise. (p<0.05). Four psychological factors out of six, were significantly associated with eating habits (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, age and 'eating because of feeling happy' were significantly associated with eating habits score (p<0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Most of the students in this study had healthy eating habits. Social and psychological factors were important determinants of eating habits among medical students.
    Study site: Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
    Scales & Questionnaires: Compulsive Eating Scale
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  9. Nutrient Intake in Vietnamese Preschool and School-Aged Children is Not Adequate: The Role of Dairy
    Bao Khanh le N, Burgers MR, Huu Chinh N, Tuoc BV, Dinh Dung N, Deurenberg P, et al.
    Food Nutr Bull, 2016 Mar;37(1):100-11.
    PMID: 27004970 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116631642
    The traditional Vietnamese diet carries the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and a substantial part of children <11 years do not meet the Vietnamese recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for a range of nutrients. Dairy products are known for their high nutrient density and milk in particular for its provision of high-quality protein and relevant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and pantothenic acid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  10. Slimming and Appetite-Suppressing Effects of Caraway Aqueous Extract as a Natural Therapy in Physically Active Women
    Kazemipoor M, Hamzah S, Hajifaraji M, Radzi CW, Cordell GA
    Phytother Res, 2016 Jun;30(6):981-7.
    PMID: 26988309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5603
    Following the current 'Globesity' trend, there is an increasing demand for alternative natural therapies for weight management. Numerous phytoconstituents reduce body weight through suppressing appetite and reducing food intake. Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is one of the medicinal plants that is traditionally used for weight loss. In this study, the appetite-suppressing effects of caraway aqueous extract (CAE) on 70 aerobically trained, overweight, and obese women were examined in a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Subjects were randomly allocated into placebo and experimental groups and consumed either 30 mL/day of CAE or placebo without changing their diet or physical activity over a period of 90 days. Calorie and macronutrient intake and anthropometric indices were measured before and after the intervention. In addition, appetite changes were assessed through a visual analog scale and an ad libitum pizza test. After the intervention, the results showed a significant reduction in appetite levels and carbohydrate intake of the experimental group compared with the placebo group. All of the anthropometric indices were reduced significantly in CAE compared with placebo group (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  11. Eating Habits of Malaysian Children: Findings of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS)
    Chong KH, Wu SK, Noor Hafizah Y, Bragt MC, Poh BK, SEANUTS Malaysia Study Group
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2016 07;28(5 Suppl):59S-73S.
    PMID: 27307424 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516654260
    This article aims to describe the eating habits of Malaysian children using a nationally representative data set from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS) in Malaysia. A total of 2797 children aged 2 to 12 years were included in this analysis. Eating habits and dietary intakes of children were assessed using questionnaires. Overall, 56.1% of children consumed 3 main meals every day. Approximately 20% of children snacked 3 times per day, whereas 9.7% ate fast food on a weekly basis. Irregular meal patterns were significantly associated with lower micronutrient intakes, and the groups with higher odds for this pattern were older children, Malays, and those living in rural areas. Considering the relatively high rate of irregular meal consumption and its potential influence on dietary nutrient intake, persistent efforts must be continued to promote and inculcate healthy eating habits among children from an early age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  12. Fulltext Evaluation of nutritional status among a group of young Chinese adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Karim N, Leong SW
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2000 Jun;9(2):82-6.
    PMID: 24394392
    A nutritional status study was carried out among a group of young Chinese adults, aged between 19 and 25, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Subjects comprised 108 young adults (55 women, 53 men) who were students at two institutes of higher learning. Physical characteristics were evaluated by anthropometric measurements while food intake was determined with a 3-day food record. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were assessed using the Reflotron analyser. Birthweight was obtained from birth certificates or by proxy. The results showed that the mean body mass index (BMI) for men and women was 21.4 ± 3.3 and 20.0 ± 2.0, respectively, indicating normal weight. Further analysis of BMI classification demonstrated that 28% of men and 39% of women were underweight, 11% of men and 2% of women were overweight while 2% of men were obese. Mean waist-to-hip ratio showed that the subjects had a low risk of developing cardiovascular disease (0.72 ± 0.03 women; 0.81 ± 0.05 men). Mean energy intake was 8841 ± 1756 kJ per day for men and 6426 ± 1567 kJ per day for women. Closer analysis of energy intake of the subjects showed that 86% of men and 91% of women were consuming below the Malaysian recommendation for energy. Nutrients found to be deficient in at least one third of women were calcium, vitamin A, niacin and iron. Mean cholesterol intake in the diet was 278.7 ± 108.7 mg in men and 207.0 ± 82.5 mg in women and there was a significant difference between genders. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 3.88 ± 0.76 mmol/L and 1.08 ± 0.33 mmol/L, respectively in men, while these levels were lower in women, 3.87 ± 0.80 mmol/L for cholesterol and 0.99 ± 0.29 mmol/L for triglyceride. A general trend of higher mean blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels was shown in adults who were born with lower birthweights.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  13. Nutritional evaluation of working Malay women in Kuala Lumpur as studied by total food duplicate method
    Shimbo S, Moon CS, Zhang ZW, Watanabe T, Ismail NH, Ali RM, et al.
    Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1996 Oct;180(2):99-114.
    PMID: 9111760
    Nutrient intake was surveyed by the total food duplicate method in 49 adult ethnically Malay women (at the ages of 18 to 47 years and mostly at 30-39 years) working in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Simultaneously, hematological examinations, serum biochemistry, anthropometry and clinical examination were conducted. Nutrient intakes were estimated in reference to the weight of each food item and the standard food composition tables. Lunch was the most substantial meal of the day with rice as a staple food. Compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values, daily intakes of energy (1,917 kcal as an arithmetic mean), protein (62.2 g), vitamin B1 (0.83 mg) and vitamin B2 (1.18 mg) were sufficient, but intakes of minerals [i.e., calcium (347.8 mg) and iron (12.5 mg)] and some vitamins [i.e., vitamin A (equivalent to 627 micrograms retinol) and niacin (7.84 mg)] were less than RDA. When evaluated on an individual basis, the prevalence of those who took less than 80% RDA was highest for iron (92%), followed by niacin (80%), calcium (57%) and vitamin A (57%). The presence of 7 hypohemoglobinemia cases may be related to the insufficient iron intake. Overweight cases (14 women) were also detected, the prevalence of which increased at advanced ages. Lipid intake was rather high (28% of total food on energy basis), for which the major source was plants with limited contribution from fish/shellfish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  14. Fulltext Diet and cancer
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Dec;43(4):348-9.
    PMID: 2853823
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  15. Nutrition in adverse environments, 3. The metabolic effects of a restricted food intake on men working in a tropical environment
    Crowdy JP, Consolazio CF, Forbes AL, Haisman MF, Worsley DE
    Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 1982 Oct;36(5):325-44.
    PMID: 7141879
    As part of a research programme concerned with the need to lighten the load carried by soldiers engaged in long foot patrols, a field experiment was undertaken in West Malaysia. For 12 d a group of 15 men consumed 7.4 MJ/d (1770 kcal/d) whilst a control group of 14 men ate 12.9 MJ/d (3080 kcal/d); both groups expended on average about 15.8 MJ/d (3770 kcal/d). The low-energy group incurred an energy deficit of 98 MJ (23 410 kcal) with a weight loss of 3.9 kg, whereas corresponding figures for the control group were 37 MJ (8840 kcal) and 2.4 kg. Before, during and after the energy deprivation phase, assessment was made of work capacity (estimated VO2 max), vigilance and military skills but no difference was found between the groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  16. Which aging group prone to have inadequate nutrient intake?: TUA study
    Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin, Suzana Shahar, Nurul Atiqah Abd Aziz, Roslee Rajikan, Hanis Mastura Yahya
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1381-1391.
    Older adults quite often had an inadequate diet leading to micronutrient deficiencies and impaired immune response with subsequent development of degenerative diseases. This study aimed to determine the adequacy of energy and nutrient intake and its distribution among three aging groups i.e. successful aging (SA), usual aging (UA) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This is a cross-sectional study involving a large sample size (n = 2322) of older adults recruited through multistage random sampling from four states of Malaysia. An interview was conducted to measure dietary intake, neurocognitive status and functional status by using the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Learning Test (RAVLT), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) and Quality of Life Questionnaire. For comparison of dietary intake, a sub-sample of 173 respondents from each aging groups were matched and selected using a comparative cross-sectional approach. Women in SA group had the highest mean intake of vitamin A, calcium (p <0.05), vitamin C, riboflavin and iron (p<0.001). The same aging group also achieved the highest RNI percentage for the same nutrients. More than 80% of respondents for all aging groups did not met the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin E, thiamin, niacin, folate, calcium and zinc. In women, MCI respondents were more likely to have an inadequate intake of vitamin A, C, riboflavin and iron followed by UA and SA. Inadequate vitamin E, niacin, folate and calcium were prevalent among all gender and aging groups. There is a need to further distinguish specific dietary patterns associated with these three aging groups to promote optimal nutrient intake for cognitive health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  17. Comparison of time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting: a scoping review
    Ismail S, Manaf RA, Mahmud A
    East Mediterr Health J, 2019 Jun 04;25(4):239-245.
    PMID: 31210344 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.19.011
    Background: Research on the health benefits of fasting is growing; this includes time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting.

    Aims: This article aims to review and highlight the similarities and differences between time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting during Ramadan.

    Methods: A scoping review was undertaken to identify relevant articles that answered the research question: what are the similarities and differences in characteristics of time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting? MEDLINE/PubMed was searched using the terms: time-restricted feeding, and weight. Inclusion criteria were: original research and review articles; written in English; and published between the years 2000 and 2017.

    Results: A total of 25 articles that answered the research question were included in the review: 15 original research papers and 10 reviews. The findings suggest that Ramadan fasting is a form of time-restricted feeding in the contemporary context because of the period when eating is not allowed. The fasting duration reported in time-restricted feeding ranged from 4 to 24 hours, which is longer than that of Islamic fasting which is between 8 and 20 hours. Both time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting have been found to have positive health effects, including weight reduction.

    Conclusion: Time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting have many similar characteristics and reported positive health effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  18. Fulltext Acute moderate and high-intensity endurance exercise suppresses ad-libitum energy intake in obese males
    Linoby, Adam, Muhammad Alif Nazrin Jumat, Ahmad Safwanudin Nordin, Nur Hidayah Asilah Za’don, Jamiaton Kusrin, Sharifah Maimunah Syed Mud Puad
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):279-292.
    MyJurnal
    High-intensity exercise acutely improves suppression of appetite in populations with normal body mass index (BMI). However, whether moderate intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity exercise (HIE) can elicit similar (or greater) appetite suppression effects for obese populations are still relatively unknown. The main aim is to investigate the acute effects of MIE and HIE on the appetite score, eating behaviour and blood glucose regulation among the obese population. Twelve obese participants (age: 20.8 ± 1 yr, BMI: 34.1 ± 3 kg·m-2, V̇o2max: 30.7 ± 3 ml·kg·min-1) were randomly allocated, in a crossover manner, with a 7-day interval in between (1) MIE (cycling at 60-75% HRmax), (2) HIE (cycling at 80-95% HRmax, 8-sec sprint x 12 sec rest) and (3) control (CON) condition after a 10-hr overnight fast. Physiological (fasting blood [glucose] and 24-hr calorie intake) and psychological responses (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, TFEQ-R18, and appetite score using Visual Analog Scale, VAS) were recorded prior to and after exercise interventions. Both MIE and HIE significantly reduced the calorie intake compared to CON (P0.05). A difference was found in fasting blood [glucose] level between trials in MIE (P0.05). In response to acute intervention, both MIE and HIE improved some psychological appetite score and attenuated daily energy consumption; these positive effects could benefit obese and diabetic populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  19. Fulltext Nutritional status and self-reported nutrition education exposure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus at primary health clinic
    Nurul-Alia Samiun, Barakatun-Nisak Mohd Yusof, Irmi Zarina Ismail, Norfarhana Mohd Anuar, Winnie Chee Siew Swee
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2019;4(2):66-74.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Optimal nutritional status is of utmost importance not only for foetal
    development but also to maintain normoglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
    (GDM). This cross-sectional study described the nutritional status of women with GDM and
    explored whether self-reported nutrition education (NEd) exposure before a GDM diagnosis
    would be able to promote better nutrition status. Methods: GDM women (n= 60; age= 31.6 ±
    5.0 years) diagnosed between 13th and 28th week of gestation participated in the study. We
    assessed nutritional status that included anthropometric and blood pressure assessments,
    biochemical data, and dietary intake. The respondents self-reported their NEd exposure before
    a GDM diagnosis was made. Results: The pre-pregnancy BMI of the participants was 27.9 ±
    6.8 kg/m2
    , which was categorised as overweight. Total (4.3 ± 5.6 kg) and rate (0.2 ± 0.3
    kg/week) of gestational weight gain were within the recommendations. Glycemic parameters
    and blood pressure were also within the normal range. Nevertheless, they had high intakes of
    fat (35.5%) and sugar (14.4%) proportionate to their energy intake. They did not meet the
    recommended nutrient intakes for fibre, calcium, and iron. Only 28.3% of women had prior
    NEd exposure. Among them, almost all (94.1%) had recurrent GDM. Those with NEd
    exposure had lower pre-prandial blood glucose profiles, systolic blood pressure, and
    proportion of protein intake from energy than those without (p< 0.05). Conclusions:
    Suboptimal maternal nutritional status and low exposure to NEd are evident in women with
    GDM. Those with self-reported NEd exposure had better parameters of nutritional status. The
    findings recognised the need of having proper nutrition education for women who are at high
    risk of GDM since at early pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
  20. Fulltext The Effect of Isoleucine Supplementation on Body Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Response in Lean and Obese Mice
    O'Rielly R, Li H, Lim SM, Yazbeck R, Kritas S, Ullrich SS, et al.
    Nutrients, 2020 Aug 14;12(8).
    PMID: 32823899 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082446
    Chronic isoleucine supplementation prevents diet-induced weight gain in rodents. Acute-isoleucine administration improves glucose tolerance in rodents and reduces postprandial glucose levels in humans. However, the effect of chronic-isoleucine supplementation on body weight and glucose tolerance in obesity is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic isoleucine on body weight gain and glucose tolerance in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD) induced-obese mice. Male C57BL/6-mice, fed a standard-laboratory-diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks, were randomly allocated to: (1) Control: Drinking water; (2) Acute: Drinking water with a gavage of isoleucine (300 mg/kg) prior to the oral-glucose-tolerance-test (OGTT) or gastric-emptying-breath-test (GEBT); (3) Chronic: Drinking water with 1.5% isoleucine, for a further six weeks. At 16 weeks, an OGTT and GEBT was performed and at 17 weeks metabolic monitoring. In SLD- and HFD-mice, there was no difference in body weight, fat mass, and plasma lipid profiles between isoleucine treatment groups. Acute-isoleucine did not improve glucose tolerance in SLD- or HFD-mice. Chronic-isoleucine impaired glucose tolerance in SLD-mice. There was no difference in gastric emptying between any groups. Chronic-isoleucine did not alter energy intake, energy expenditure, or respiratory quotient in SLD- or HFD-mice. In conclusion, chronic isoleucine supplementation may not be an effective treatment for obesity or glucose intolerance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
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