Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 5116 in total

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  1. Immune-mediated oral mucosal pathology: a comprehensive review and update for clinicians. Part I
    Alrashdan MS, Arzmi MH, Ahmad Kamil WN, Al Kawas S, Leao JC
    Ital J Dermatol Venerol, 2023 Oct;158(5):408-418.
    PMID: 37916401 DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07676-4
    The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of these conditions are immune mediated and typically present as inflammatory mucosal pathology. Patients experiencing such conditions usually seek medical evaluation and treatment due to the associated pain and discomfort and occasionally taste disturbance or dysphagia and the overall deterioration in the oral health-related quality of life. These conditions share some common features and there could be some overlapping in their clinical presentation, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and proper management of patients. Clinicians dealing with such disorders, including dermatologists, need to be aware of the oral manifestations of mucocutaneous conditions, their clinical features, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options, as well as the recent advances in the research on these conditions. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for clinicians, with updated insights into a group of immune mediated conditions known to cause oral mucosal pathology. Part one will cover oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme and systemic lupus erythematosus, while part two will cover pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, in addition to the less common disorders linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and epidermolysis bullosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology
  2. Shear wave elastography in chronic kidney disease - the physics and clinical application
    Ng KH, Wong JHD, Leong SS
    Phys Eng Sci Med, 2024 Mar;47(1):17-29.
    PMID: 38078996 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01358-w
    Chronic kidney disease is a leading public health problem worldwide. The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease is nearly five hundred million people, with almost one million deaths worldwide. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, imaging such as conventional ultrasound, and histopathological findings are necessary as each technique provides specific information which, when taken together, may help to detect and arrest the development of chronic kidney disease, besides managing its adverse outcomes. However, estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements are hampered by substantial error margins while conventional ultrasound involves subjective assessment. Although histopathological assessment is the best tool for evaluating the severity of the renal pathology, it may lead to renal insufficiency and haemorrhage if complications occurred. Ultrasound shear wave elastography, an emerging imaging that quantifies tissue stiffness non-invasively has gained interest recently. This method applies acoustic force pulses to generate shear wave within the tissue that propagate perpendicular to the main ultrasound beam. By measuring the speed of shear wave propagation, the tissue stiffness is estimated. This paper reviews the literature and presents our combined experience and knowledge in renal shear wave elastography research. It discusses and highlights the confounding factors on shear wave elastography, current and future possibilities in ultrasound renal imaging and is not limited to new sophisticated techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  3. Fulltext Experience of diagnosing and managing a patient with spinal Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease in a tuberculosis hyperendemic region
    Tan MH, Foo CH, Ohn MH, Ohn KM
    BMJ Case Rep, 2022 Mar 23;15(3).
    PMID: 35321909 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245360
    Classic Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) is a rare histiocytic disorder with bilateral massive painless cervical lymphadenopathy. It is a mysterious disease and there is little knowledge of its pathogenesis, clinical features, radiological findings, laboratory investigations, effective treatments and prognosis. Some of its clinical presentations may overlap with those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Just like tuberculosis infection, RDD may involve many other organs, for example, skin, kidney, bone, brain and spine. The diagnosis can easily be overlooked, especially in communities hyperendemic to tuberculosis infection. We report our experience in diagnosing and managing a patient with spinal RDD with concurrent tuberculosis infection, who was treated empirically for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis without a conclusive laboratory finding prior to her spinal condition. In view of her acute neurological deficit, emergency spinal decompression was performed. Her intraoperative spinal samples had shown classic histopathological features of RDD. We believe the lymphadenopathy was part of the clinical presentation of RDD. She showed favourable neurological recovery throughout the follow-up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spine/pathology
  4. Fulltext Presentation of Breast Cancer and Impact of Patient Navigation on Timeliness of Diagnosis and Treatment and on Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in a Multicenter Network in Malaysia
    Jaganathan M, Ang BH, Ali A, Sharif SZ, Mohamad M, Mohd Khairy A, et al.
    JCO Glob Oncol, 2024 Mar;10:e2300297.
    PMID: 38484197 DOI: 10.1200/GO.23.00297
    PURPOSE: Breast cancer deaths disproportionately affect women living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patient navigation has emerged as a cost-effective and impactful approach to enable women with symptoms or suspicious mammogram findings to access timely diagnosis and patients with breast cancer to access timely and appropriate multimodality treatment. However, few studies have systematically evaluated the impact of patient navigation on timeliness of diagnosis and treatment in LMICs.

    METHODS: We established a nurse- and community-navigator-led navigation program in breast clinics of four public hospitals located in Peninsular and East Malaysia and evaluated the impact of navigation on timeliness of diagnosis and treatment.

    RESULTS: Patients with breast cancer treated at public hospitals reported facing barriers to accessing care, including having a poor recognition of breast cancer symptoms and low awareness of screening methods, and facing financial and logistics challenges. Compared with patients diagnosed in the previous year, patients receiving navigation experienced timely ultrasound (84.0% v 65.0%; P < .001), biopsy (84.0% v 78.0%; P = .012), communication of news (63.0% v 40.0%; P < .001), surgery (46% v 36%; P = .008), and neoadjuvant therapy (59% v 42%, P = .030). Treatment adherence improved significantly (98.0% v 87.0%, P < .001), and this was consistent across the network of four breast clinics.

    CONCLUSION: Patient navigation improves access to timely diagnosis and treatment for women presenting at secondary and tertiary hospitals in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast/pathology
  5. Evaluating disease status in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with quantitative muscle ultrasound
    Tan JY, Tan CY, Yahya MA, Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ
    Muscle Nerve, 2024 May;69(5):597-603.
    PMID: 38488306 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28081
    INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Muscle strength, functional status, and muscle enzymes are conventionally used to evaluate disease status in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). This study aims to investigate the role of quantitative muscle ultrasound in evaluating disease status in IIM patients.

    METHODS: Patients with IIM, excluding inclusion body myositis, were recruited along with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent muscle ultrasound and clinical assessments. Six limb muscles were unilaterally scanned using a standardized protocol, measuring muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI). Results were compared with HC, and correlations were made with outcome measures.

    RESULTS: Twenty IIM patients and 24 HC were recruited. The subtypes of IIM were dermatomyositis (6), necrotizing myositis (6), polymyositis (3), antisynthetase syndrome (3), and nonspecific myositis (2). Mean disease duration was 8.7 ± 6.9 years. There were no significant differences in demographics and anthropometrics between patients and controls. MT of rectus femoris in IIM patients was significantly lower than HC. Muscle EI of biceps brachii and vastus medialis in IIM patients were higher than HC. There were moderate correlations between MT of rectus femoris and modified Rankin Scale, Physician Global Activity Assessment, and Health Assessment Questionnaire, as well as between EI of biceps brachii and Manual Muscle Testing-8.

    DISCUSSION: Muscle ultrasound can detect proximal muscle atrophy and hyperechogenicity in patients with IIM. The findings correlate with clinical outcome measures, making it a potential tool for evaluating disease activity of patients with IIM in the late phase of the disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Muscular Atrophy/pathology
  6. Fulltext The prevalence of anatomical variations in osteomeatal unit in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
    Azila A, Irfan M, Rohaizan Y, Shamim AK
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):191-4.
    PMID: 22111438 MyJurnal
    The complexities of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as its variations may create technical difficulties during surgery. The significance of these anatomical variations in pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis, which is the commonest disease in the region, is still unclear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasal Septum/pathology*; Rhinitis/pathology*; Sinusitis/pathology*; Turbinates/pathology*
  7. Right heterotaxy with Hirschsprung's disease - a new association
    Thambi Dorai CR, Hamzaini H, Rohana R
    Clin Anat, 2010 May;23(4):455-9.
    PMID: 20196129 DOI: 10.1002/ca.20949
    A baby girl with prenatal diagnosis of complex cardiac anomalies and diaphragmatic hernia was born at 36 weeks of gestation. At 4 hr of life, the baby developed respiratory distress and was intubated. She was found to have right hetetrotaxy with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the portal vein, five hepatic veins draining the liver and intrathoracic herniation of the stomach. The child also developed abdominal distension on the second day of life with passage of scanty meconium. The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) was confirmed by histology. HD in association with right heterotaxy has not been reported earlier. The association of heterotaxy with HD in our patient raises a possible genetic link between the two anomalies that needs further research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology*; Dextrocardia/pathology*; Hirschsprung Disease/pathology*; Situs Inversus/pathology*
  8. Abnormal peritoneal fold connecting the greater omentum with the liver, gallbladder, right kidney and lesser omentum
    Nayak SB
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2009;110(11):736-7.
    PMID: 20120448
    Abnormal peritoneal folds near the liver are very rare. This case report presents an observation of an abnormal fold of peritoneum that extended from the upper right part of the greater omentum and stomach to the fossa for gallbladder. This fold merged with the lesser omentum on the left and extended to the right kidney when traced posteriorly. The epiploic foramen was entirely absent due to the presence of this fold. However, the lesser sac was there behind the liver, lesser omentum and stomach. The knowledge of abnormal folds like this may be important for surgeons (Fig. 3, Ref. 7). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gallbladder/pathology; Kidney/pathology; Liver/pathology; Omentum/pathology
  9. Fulltext Sinonasal malignant melanocytic melanoma: a rare case report
    Pathma L, Philip R, Harvinder S, Manjit S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):152-3.
    PMID: 18942306 MyJurnal
    Malignant melanocytic melanoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy. We present a case report of an elderly lady who presented with epistaxis and intranasal polyps. Computed tomography revealed soft tissue mass in the oropharynx, nasopharynx, left ethmoid and entire maxillary sinus. The mass was removed via endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Histopathology examination revealed sinonasal melanocytic malignant melanoma. At present 17 months postoperatively she is symptom free with no recurrence and under regular follow up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/pathology*; Melanoma/pathology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Nose Neoplasms/pathology*
  10. Unusual self-electrocution simulating judicial electrocution by an adolescent
    Murty OP
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2008 Jun;29(2):167-9.
    PMID: 18520487 DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318177ea88
    Electrocution is one of the rarest modes of suicide. In this case, one school going adolescent committed suicide by electrocution using bare electric wire. This is a rare case of suicidal death by applying live wires around the wrists, simulating the act of judicial electrocution. He positioned himself on armed chair and placed the nude wire loops from a cable around both wrists and switched on the current by plugging in to nearest socket by foot. There were linear electric contact wounds completely encircling around the both wrists. In addition to these linear electric burns all around wrists, there were electrical burns over both hands. This death highlights the need of supervision and close watch on children for self-destructing activities and behavior. This case also highlights unusual method adopted by adolescent to end his life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Injuries/pathology*; Hand Injuries/pathology; Wrist Injuries/pathology; Forensic Pathology
  11. Myelodysplastic syndrome transformed into Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (FAB:L3)
    Zainina S, Cheong SK
    Clin Lab Haematol, 2006 Aug;28(4):282-3.
    PMID: 16898972
    Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is recognized as a preleukaemic disorder with a variable risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukaemia. Usually the blast cells in leukaemia are transformed after MDS displays a myeloid phenotype. Even though lymphoid progression had been reported previously, most displayed myeloid-lymphoid hybrid or early B phenotype. We report a case of an elderly man who had MDS transformed into Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL:L3) which is a rare lymphoid transformation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Refractory/pathology*; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology; Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology*; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology*
  12. Dramatic lightning injury with exit wound
    Murty OP
    J Forensic Leg Med, 2007 May;14(4):225-7.
    PMID: 16914357
    This is a case report of an environmental accident due to lightning where one school boy sustained current, blast, and flame effects of it. A bolt of lightning directly struck the pole of a football ground and the scatter struck the child. In addition to burn injuries, he showed an exit wound of lightning in left foot. The exit wound of lightning current is a very rare finding. The body of victim had flame and heat effect of atmospheric electricity on head and neck, face, and trunk. In this incidence of lightning other team mates of the victim were safe. The patient survived the attack.
    Matched MeSH terms: Burns/pathology; Lightning Injuries/pathology*; Foot Injuries/pathology*; Forensic Pathology
  13. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid--a review of experience in 1853 cases
    Jayaram G, Razak A, Gan SK, Alhady SF
    Malays J Pathol, 1999 Jun;21(1):17-27.
    PMID: 10879275
    1853 thyroid lesions subjected to cytological sampling (either by the fine needle aspiration or fine needle capillary sampling technique) from January 1992 to December 1997 at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were reviewed. Nodular goitre was the most common thyroid lesion needled (67.35%). Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular neoplasms predominated (64%), followed by papillary carcinoma (29.4%). In 325 cases, partial or total thyroidectomy had been done, providing material for histological review and cyto-histological correlation. Cytological diagnosis was found to have high sensitivity and specificity rates of over 75%. Besides, most non-neoplastic thyroid lesions could be diagnosed on cytology. The scope of cytology in the diagnosis of lymphomas, anaplastic and metastatic tumours rendered diagnostic biopsies (or thyroidectomy) unnecessary in these cases. Being a cost-effective technique and having the capacity to provide exact morphological diagnosis in a large variety of thyroid lesions, cytology is obviously the method of choice in the assessment of thyroid nodules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Goiter, Nodular/pathology; Thyroid Diseases/pathology; Thyroid Gland/pathology*; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
  14. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: case report
    Manoharan M, Othman NH, Samsudin AR
    Braz Dent J, 2002;13(1):66-9.
    PMID: 11870967
    Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma is a low-grade neoplasm of the minor salivary gland composed exclusively of epithelial cells and not myoepithelial cells. It predominantly affects the oral cavity of adult females. It is microscopically characterized by hyalinizing stroma and clear cells, which are typically positive for cytokeratin markers and negative for S 100 and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Cystic degeneration can also be present. Pathologists should be aware of this new entity so as not to misdiagnose otherwise. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of its kind from Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Floor/pathology*; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology*; Salivary Glands, Minor/pathology*; Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology*
  15. Infanticide in Malaysia: two case reports and a review of literature
    Ong BB, Green M
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2003 Mar;24(1):64-9.
    PMID: 12605001
    In a strict and conservative society like Malaysia, the number of cases of infanticide has continued to occur. The authors present two typical cases of infanticide in Malaysia. Case 1 concerned a body of a fully mature newborn fetus disposed in a rubbish bin. The head was traumatically amputated by the rubbish truck's compactor. The umbilical cord was still attached to the body, with no reddening around the insertion. The severed neck showed features consistent with post-mortem amputation. The significant finding was expanded crepitant lungs, which floated in water. The histology of the lungs showed expanded alveoli. It was concluded that the baby had been born alive, but no cause of death could be elicited. Case 2 concerned a decomposed mature newborn found in a scrub forest. The internal organs showed advanced putrefaction, the lungs being collapsed, congested, and hemorrhagic, typical of decomposed lungs. No conclusion could be made about the state of birth or the cause of death because of the putrefied state of the body. The two cases illustrate the typical cases and problems faced by pathologists locally and probably elsewhere in the world. Most of the bodies are found in a putrefied state. Pathologists have to ascertain not only maturity and live birth but also the cause of death, which may be very subtle or masked by putrefaction. The problems of diagnosis of live birth are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amputation, Traumatic/pathology; Head/pathology; Lung/pathology; Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
  16. Calcifying fibroblastic granuloma. A case report
    Taiyeb Ali TB, Siar CH
    J N Z Soc Periodontol, 1997.
    PMID: 9522721
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcinosis/pathology*; Fibroblasts/pathology; Gingival Hyperplasia/pathology*; Periapical Granuloma/pathology*
  17. Desmoplastic fibroma: report of a case with proliferative myositis
    Boon LC, Phaik KS, Khanijow V
    Ann Dent, 1991;50(2):28-32.
    PMID: 1785911
    Desmoid tumor of the mandible, or desmoplastic fibroma, is a rare disease with only a few cases reported in the literature. This paper presents the rare case of an elderly male with desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible with an uncommon accompanying proliferative myositis. The case is discussed with emphasis on the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment of this lesion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Facial Muscles/pathology*; Fibroma/pathology*; Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology*; Myositis/pathology*
  18. Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the submandibular glands
    Lee ST, Raman R, Tay A
    Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1987 Dec;97(6):580-2.
    PMID: 3155441
    Matched MeSH terms: Mikulicz' Disease/pathology*; Salivary Gland Diseases/pathology*; Submandibular Gland/pathology*; Submandibular Gland Diseases/pathology*
  19. Fulltext Primary ovarian pregnancy: a case report
    Goh JYL, Rachagan SP, Low EC
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):70-1.
    PMID: 3431507
    A case of an ovarian ectopic pregnancy is
    presented. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy.
    Histology of the surgical specimen confirmed a
    primary ovarian pregnancy. The aetiologic factors
    and diagnostic criteria are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chorionic Villi/pathology; Ovary/pathology*; Pregnancy, Ectopic/pathology*; Trophoblasts/pathology
  20. Fulltext Teeth in osteogenesis imperfecta: a light microscopic study
    Siar CH
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Jun;41(2):161-5.
    PMID: 3821613
    The light microscopic features of the dentine in three teeth from two cases of osteogenesis imperfecta (OJ) are presented. Results show that teeth in OJ distinctively have a more uniform and tubular mantle dentine, and a characteristic laminated circumpulpal dentine formed by distorted incremental bands alternating with parallel rows of interglobular dentine and interrupted by comet-shaped vascular canals. The study indicated that in the absence of overt OJ features, the changes in dentine alone are sufficiently characteristic to establish such a diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bicuspid/pathology; Dentin/pathology*; Molar/pathology; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/pathology*
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