Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 114 in total

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  1. May Asliza Tan Zalilah, Maizatul Hayati Mohamad Yatim, Amri Yusoff
    MyJurnal
    Learning through game scene is considered a game-based learning approach. Teaching and learning process using game scene is deemed interesting and effective due to the nature for this approach which seems alive with asserted activities. Students experience their own game via narration through the virtual world they undertook. This investigation is targeted towards conceptual change and explanation for basic programming theorem through navigated game scene by evaluating motivation and student experience. 55 respondents consisted of semester three students from computer software application certification a program from a community college is selected for the undertaken study. Motivation and experience surveys are reference based on intrinsic motivation inventory instrument (IMI). Findings were tabulated based on t-test statistics and descriptive to get the frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentage. Initial results reflected student acknowledgement on utilizing game scenes in terms of elaborating basic game programming key points in providing elevated learning experience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  2. Ciraj AM, Vinod P, Ramnarayan K
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2010 Oct-Dec;53(4):729-33.
    PMID: 21045402 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.72058
    Case-based learning (CBL) is an interactive student-centered exploration of real life situations. This paper describes the use of CBL as an educational strategy for promoting active learning in microbiology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning/methods*
  3. Azila NM, Sim SM, Atiya AS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2001 Jul;30(4):375-8.
    PMID: 11503543
    INTRODUCTION: Encouraging teaching practices such as problem-based learning (PBL) amongst undergraduate students within a lecture-based, system-based integrated curriculum is a challenge. Students are apprehensive about developing an organised framework for acquiring knowledge while lecturers are required to reframe their views on the educational process and their role as educators.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lecturers and students in the Phase (Year) II programme were asked to fill questionnaires following the second and fourth PBL cases. The two sets of survey responses were compared to see whether the students' and teachers' perceptions had changed over the 5-month period.

    RESULTS: Students' responses from both surveys (1 and 2) were similar in that a majority agreed that the PBL tutorials had encouraged the seeking of information (66% and 67%, respectively), had improved understanding (57% and 56%), integration (65% and 70%) and application (50% and 64%) of knowledge. However, the views given in the form of written comments, following their positive responses, were somewhat contradictory. A large number of students (38% and 40%) faced difficulties in getting involved in discussions during the PBL tutorial and a majority (73% and 82%) preferred the normal subject-based tutorials. The reasons given by approximately 20% of the students were that the subject-based tutorials were more efficient for obtaining information and/or that the information had been pre-selected by the lecturers. More than 80% of the lecturers (in both surveys) perceived that the students had identified the appropriate learning objectives and covered the subject matter. The percentage of lecturers who agreed that PBL tutorials encouraged rapport and teamwork amongst students had increased in the second survey, from 70% to 92% and 55% to 83% respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Implementing PBL is not simply a matter of developing new teaching materials and new effective ways of presenting them. It requires a paradigm shift, a change in the roles of students and teachers, and time.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning*
  4. Ismail NA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):73-7.
    PMID: 27547118 MyJurnal
    This study explores the experience of both learners and a teacher during a team-based learning (TBL) session. TBL involves active learning that allows medical students to utilise their visual, auditory, writing and kinetic learning styles in order to strengthen their knowledge and retain it for longer, which is important with regard to applying basic sciences in clinical settings. This pilot study explored the effectiveness of TBL in learning medical genetics, and its potential to replace conventional lectures. First-year medical students (n = 194) studying at Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, during 2014/2015 were selected to participate in this study. The topic of 'Mutation and Mutation Analysis' was selected, and the principles of TBL were adhered to during the study. It was found that the students' performance in a group readiness test was better than in individual readiness tests. The effectiveness of TBL was further shown in the examination, during which the marks obtained were tremendously improved. Collective commentaries from both the learners and the teacher recommended TBL as another useful tool in learning medical genetics. Implementation strategies should be advanced for the benefit of future learners and teachers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  5. Luke AM, Mathew S, Kuriadom ST, George JM, Karobari MI, Marya A, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2021;2021:9630285.
    PMID: 34608440 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9630285
    Problem-based learning is an experiential and student-centred learning method to practice important skills like querying, critical thinking, and collaboration through pair and group work. The study is aimed at comparing the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional teaching (TT) methods in improving acquisition of radiographic interpretation skills among dental students. Clinical trials (randomized and nonrandomized) were conducted with the help of dental students studying oral radiology using PBL and TT methods and assessing radiographic interpretation skills, knowledge scores, and satisfaction level as outcomes. Articles published from PubMed/MEDLINE, DOAJ, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool, the MINORS Checklist, and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBIN-I) tool. Meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3. There were twenty-four articles for qualitative synthesis and 13 for meta-analysis. The cumulative mean difference was found to be 0.54 (0.18, 0.90), 4.15 (-0.35, 8.65), and -0.14 (-0.36, 0.08) for radiographic interpretation skills, knowledge scores, and satisfaction level, respectively, showing significant difference favouring PBL as compared to TT except for satisfaction level which favoured the TT group. To understand the long-term effectiveness of PBL over TT methods in oral radiology among dental students, well-designed long-term randomized controlled trials are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning*
  6. Lim WK
    BMC Med Educ, 2012;12:89.
    PMID: 23009729 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-89
    Problem-based learning (PBL) has become the most significant innovation in medical education of the past 40 years. In contrast to exam-centered, lecture-based conventional curricula, PBL is a comprehensive curricular strategy that fosters student-centred learning and the skills desired in physicians. The rapid spread of PBL has produced many variants. One of the most common is 'hybrid PBL' where conventional teaching methods are implemented alongside PBL. This paper contends that the mixing of these two opposing educational philosophies can undermine PBL and nullify its positive benefits. Schools using hybrid PBL and lacking medical education expertise may end up with a dysfunctional curriculum worse off than the traditional approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning/methods*; Problem-Based Learning/standards
  7. Kukkamalla A, Lakshminarayana SK
    Med Educ, 2011 Nov;45(11):1152-3.
    PMID: 21936865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04107.x
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning/methods*; Problem-Based Learning/organization & administration*
  8. Malik AS, Malik RH
    Educ Health (Abingdon), 2004 Nov;17(3):292-302.
    PMID: 15848816
    The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), follows a problem-based learning, integrated and community-based curriculum which reflects the specific needs of doctors working in Sarawak. Using paediatrics as an example, this paper describes the process of development of core content (knowledge, procedural and communication skills, attitudes), additional knowledge and special study modules at the FMHS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  9. Tan CE, Jaffar A, Tong SF, Hamzah MS, Mohamad N
    Med Educ Online, 2014 Jan;19(1):25605.
    PMID: 28440130 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v19.25605
    Introduction The Comprehensive Healthcare (CHC) module was developed to introduce pre-clinical medical and pharmacy students to the concept of comprehensive healthcare. This study aims to explore their shared learning experiences within this module. Methodology During this module, medical and pharmacy students conducted visits to patients' homes and to related community-based organisations in small groups. They were required to write a reflective journal on their experiences regarding working with other professions as part of their module assessment. Highly scored reflective journals written by students from the 2011/2012 academic session were selected for analysis. Their shared learning experiences were identified via thematic analysis. We also analysed students' feedback regarding the module. Results Analysis of 25 selected reflective journals revealed several important themes: 'Understanding of impact of illness and its relation to holistic care', 'Awareness of the role of various healthcare professions' and 'Generic or soft skills for inter-professional collaboration'. Although the primary objective of the module was to expose students to comprehensive healthcare, the students learnt skills required for future collaborative practice from their experiences. Discussion The CHC module provided early clinical exposure to community-based health issues and incorporated some elements of inter-professional education. The students learnt about the roles of other healthcare professions and acquired soft skills required for future collaborative practice during this module.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  10. Lau MN, Kamarudin Y, Zakaria NN, Sivarajan S, Mohd Tahir NNZ, Bahar AD, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(7):e0254478.
    PMID: 34243187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254478
    Flipped classroom may overcome weaknesses of live demonstration in teaching orthodontic wire-bending. This study aims to compare the effectiveness between flipped classroom and live demonstration in transferring skills for fabricating Adams clasp. Forty third-year undergraduate dental students were assigned to two groups. The students in group LD (n = 20) attended a live demonstration while students in group FC (n = 20) attended a flipped classroom. Both groups were taught on skills to fabricate Adams clasp in a standardised way. Each student from both groups were asked to submit an Adams clasp for a blinded quality assessment by two trained and calibrated assessors using a 18-item rubric, followed by validated students' satisfaction questionnaires to evaluate their perceived satisfaction on the teaching method received. A crossover study was then conducted three weeks later where LD attended a flipped classroom while FC attended a live demonstration. Students' satisfaction questionnaires were again collected from each student for blinded analysis. Mean scores for the quality of Adams clasp were 9.775 and 9.125 for LD and FC, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the two groups. Statistically significant association was found for one statement on the questionnaire, "I found the classroom arrangements conducive for the wire-bending activity" (p = 0.010). No significant differences were found between the two groups for other statements (p > 0.05). In conclusion, within the limitations of the study, flipped classroom is equally effective as conventional live demonstration in transferring orthodontic wire-bending skills for fabrication of Adams clasp. However, students perceived the classroom arrangements during the flipped classroom significantly more conducive for teaching orthodontic wire-bending.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning/methods
  11. Lee Chin K, Ling Yap Y, Leng Lee W, Chang Soh Y
    Am J Pharm Educ, 2014 Oct 15;78(8):153.
    PMID: 25386018 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe788153
    To determine whether human patient simulation (HPS) is superior to case-based learning (CBL) in teaching diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and thyroid storm (TS) to pharmacy students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning/methods; Problem-Based Learning/standards*
  12. Malik AS, Quah BS
    Educ Health (Abingdon), 2003 Jul;16(2):163-75.
    PMID: 14741902
    OBJECTIVE: This paper compares the clinical experience in acute conditions of the undergraduate students of a medical school from a developing country (Malaysia) with those from a developed country (UK).
    METHODS: This study was conducted at the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Through questionnaire survey enquiry was made about 27 acute medical conditions (i.e. conditions related to internal medicine, paediatrics, and psychiatry), 15 acute surgical conditions (i.e. conditions related to general surgery, orthopaedics, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, gynaecology and obstetrics), 15 surgical operations and 26 practical procedures. The results obtained were compared with published data from the UK.
    RESULTS: Acute medical conditions were seen by higher number of the USM students but with less frequency than the British students. The USM students saw practical procedures more frequently than the British students did, but almost an equal number performed these procedures independently. The British students attended surgical operations more frequently than the USM students did.
    CONCLUSION: Given the limitations of comparison (epidemiological, cultural and geographical differences, conventional curriculum (in the British medical schools) vs. problem based learning curriculum (in the Malaysian medical school)) the overall clinical experience of the medical students in the USM and the UK was comparable. The USM students had more opportunities to observe cases and procedures but "hands on" experience was similar to that of the British students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  13. Megawanah Mohd Razalee, Prisia Jibin, Sabrina Paul, Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah, Helen Benedict Lasimbang, Wendy Diana Shoesmith, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Crisis communication is an important skill for healthcare professionals, especially during disaster peri- od including the current 2019-nCoV pandemic. Nevertheless, the skill of crisis communication is not commonly an integral part of Malaysian nursing diploma and degree course. Methods: A half days session on how to communicate in the context of crisis was incorporated into an experiential learning workshop to 25 existing and newly recruited nurses together with 7 other healthcare professionals. The topics of nature of disaster, disease outbreak, preparation for disaster, principles and responsibility of crisis communication, preparing statement for press conference, and corporate communication were covered through brief lecture, round table discussion and tabletop simulations. Real time example of 2019-nCoV crisis communication was used to illustrate the skills required in the situation. Results: All participants confirmed that this was the first exposure to hands-on training on crisis communication and enlightening although majority of them were uncertain that they are capable to perform it during the crisis despite the ongoing 2019-nCoV issue in view of their the position that they are holding. Most nursing curriculums focus on clinical theory and clinical skill competency acquisition without addressing the need of learning how to commu- nicate beyond clinical setting in the situation of disaster and panic, which is mostly learned at job. The limitation included the practice in tabletop simulations might not be immediately translatable into real life practice. Conclu- sion: Regular reinforcement through more workshops and incorporation into disaster may potentially be a solution to improve the competency of healthcare professionals in crisis communication. Further assessment on the practice of the participants in performing crisis communication is needed to ensure the competency level has been achieved and to evaluate the efficiency of the workshop delivery method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  14. Ramachandra SS, Western J S, Muttalib KA
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2020 02 03;10(2):54-58.
    PMID: 32095425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.01.009
    Introduction: Integrated curricula are being increasingly adopted in health professions, owing to their advantages including patient-centred training and development of critical thinking. Similarly, the majority of dental Universities have either moved away from discipline-specific towards integrated curricula or have incorporated elements of integration. Despite several advantages offered by the integrated curriculum, one disadvantage is failure to assess depth of knowledge. Assessing the depth of knowledge is a characteristic of discipline-specific curriculum. This commentary describes the inclusion of both discipline-based and integrated assessments at Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Malaysia.

    Material and methods: Module tests (discipline-based assessments) comprising of discipline specific questions are conducted at the end of every term, mimicking the traditional discipline-specific assessment. Questions in the module tests are intended to assess the depth of knowledge of students. Mid semester examinations are conducted at the end of the semester, mimicking the integrated assessment. Integrated questions are intended to test the breadth of knowledge of students.

    Results: Lecturers and students felt introduction of module tests, helped them to prepare for topics in a phased manner and better answer questions posed by lecturers during case discussions and clinical presentations. The 'borderline distinction' students felt that studying for module tests provided them with the depth of knowledge essential to answer questions during viva voce.

    Discussion: Including both the traditional and integrated methods of assessments would engage students in a learning experience developing their breadth and depth of knowledge. Further prospective research is essential to assess the impact of this assessment strategy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  15. Abdalla MMI, Abdelal MS, Soon SC
    Korean J Med Educ, 2019 Mar;31(1):11-18.
    PMID: 30852857 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2019.114
    PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the degree of acceptance of problem-based learning (PBL) among phase one medical students and its association with academic self-concept (ASC) and internal locus of control (ILOC).

    METHODS: A 5-point Likert scale valid and reliable questionnaire assessing the attitude towards PBL, ASC, and ILOC was given to phase one medical students at MAHSA University. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA).

    RESULTS: Out of 255 participants, there were 84 males and 171 females, 175 Malaysians and 80 non-Malaysians. The results showed an overall acceptance of PBL with a mean of 3.7±0.07, ASC of 3.5±0.05 and ILOC of 2.9±0.05. Females showed a higher significant acceptance of PBL, ASC, and ILOC as compared with males. There was no difference between Malaysians and non-Malaysians in any of the variables measured. Simple regression analysis revealed a significant predictive effect of acceptance of PBL on ASC and ILOC (r=0.44 and r=0.88, respectively).

    CONCLUSION: The higher the acceptance of PBL among students, the higher is the ASC and ILOC. This reflects the importance of PBL as a teaching method as well as the importance of increasing the level of appreciation of PBL amongst students.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning*
  16. Velayudhan Menon, Rifdy Mohideen
    MyJurnal
    Background: Clinical reasoning is the name given to
    the cognitive processes by which doctors evaluate and
    analyse information from patients. It is a skill developed
    by experiential learning and is difficult to assess
    objectively. The script concordance test, an assessment
    tool introduced into the health sciences about 15 years
    ago, is a way of assessing clinical reasoning ability in
    an objective manner and allows comparisons of the
    decisions made by medical students and experts in
    situations of uncertainty.

    Methods: Twenty-six final year medical students from
    the International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur,
    were tested on their decision making skills regarding a
    young febrile patient. The students evaluated different
    pieces of information in five different scenarios and
    made decisions on a five-point Likert scale in the
    standard format of the script concordance test. Their
    decisions were compared to the decisions of a panel of
    experienced clinicians in Internal Medicine.

    Results: The script concordance test scores for the
    different scenarios were calculated with higher scores
    being indicative of greater concordance between the
    reasoning of students and doctors. The students showed
    poor concordance with doctors in evaluating clinical
    information. Overall, only 20 percent of the choices
    made by students were the same as the choices made by
    the majority of doctors.

    Conclusion: Medical students vary in their ability to
    interpret the significance of clinical information. Using
    the script concordance test, this preliminary study looked
    at the ability of final year medical students to interpret
    information about a patient with a febrile illness. The
    results showed poor concordance between students and
    doctors in the way they interpreted clinical information.
    The script concordance test has the potential to be a
    tool for teaching and assessing clinical reasoning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  17. Mala-Maung, Abdullah A, Abas ZW
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):435-9.
    PMID: 22390096 MyJurnal
    This cross-sectional study determined the appreciation of the learning environment and development of higher-order learning skills among students attending the Medical Curriculum at the International Medical University, Malaysia which provides traditional and e-learning resources with an emphasis on problem based learning (PBL) and self-directed learning. Of the 708 participants, the majority preferred traditional to e-resources. Students who highly appreciated PBL demonstrated a higher appreciation of e-resources. Appreciation of PBL is positively and significantly correlated with higher-order learning skills, reflecting the inculcation of self-directed learning traits. Implementers must be sensitive to the progress of learners adapting to the higher education environment and innovations, and to address limitations as relevant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning*
  18. Sivalingam Nalliah, Nazimah Idris
    MyJurnal
    Medical education of today continues to evolve to meet the challenges of the stakeholders. Medical professionals today are expected to
    play multiple roles besides being experts. Thus, the curriculum has to be developed in a manner that facilitates learners to achieve the intended goal of becoming a medical professional with multiple competencies. The understanding of learning theories will be helpful in designing and delivering the curriculum to meet the demands of producing a medical professional who would meet the CanMEDS model.
    This commentary explores and reflects on the learning theories of behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism as they have evolved over time and the application of these learning theories in medical education, particularly in the context of medical education in Malaysia. The authors are convinced that these three theories are not mutually exclusive but should be operationalized contextually and throughout the
    different stages of learning in the MBBS curriculum. Understanding these theories and their application will enhance the learning experience of students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  19. Khoo EJ, Chua SH, Kutzsche S
    Arch Argent Pediatr, 2019 04 01;117(2):e181-e187.
    PMID: 30869503 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2019.eng.e181
    The Neonatal Resuscitation Programme is a good example of an effective educational intervention that has improved perinatal mortality rates in many countries. This paper shares our experience of planning an undergraduate Neonatal Resuscitation Programme using basic principles of education theory of spiral curriculum, Bloom's taxonomy in planning learning outcomes, Kolb's learning model and Miller's model of clinical assessment. Engaging clinicians in pedagogical theories may not be well aligned with how clinicians traditionally thought they learnt best, yet it is key to improving learning concept and educational intervention outcomes in the healthcare professions. This article aims to illustrate the application of such educational theories into one example of practice. We structured this paper in the scope of content, delivery and assessment when planning a psychomotor learning activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
  20. Shamir Das K.N. Kavidas, Alexius, Cheang, Weng, Onn
    MyJurnal
    Student athletes represent a unique segment of society, having to manage a set of expectations and challenges that are distinct and psychologically demanding. They are expected to achieve the highest level of sporting excellence while also performing well academically. A basic qualitative study was used to gain an understanding of the nature and type of psychological challenges faced, and ways the student athletes successfully managed or was currently managing those challenges. The results entailed two overlapping groups of challenges; internal and external, where internal consisted of emotional strain, expectations from one’s self, balance between sports and studies, and present feelings of regret, while external consisted of issues with their coach, perception of others, and transition to tertiary education. Additionally, there were three ways of managing those challenges namely through problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and experiential learning. Those three domains are further explored and discussed, with consideration to the local context and the role of individual differences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem-Based Learning
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