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Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract in Sprague-Dawley rats

Hor SY, Ahmad M, Farsi E, Lim CP, Asmawi MZ, Yam MF

J Ethnopharmacol, 2011 Oct 11;137(3):1067-76.
PMID: 21767625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.007

Coriolus versicolor, which is known as Yun Zhi, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Recent studies have demonstrated its antitumor activities on cancer cells which led to its widespread use in cancer patient. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract after acute and subchronic administration in rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit aqueous extract enhances LDL receptor and PCSK9 expression in vivo and in vitro

Chong SC, Dollah MA, Chong PP, Maha A

J Ethnopharmacol, 2011 Sep 1;137(1):817-27.
PMID: 21763412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.041

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (Pm) has been shown to reduce cholesterol level in vitro and in vivo experiment.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Piper sarmentosum prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic bone resorption by increasing 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity

Suhana MR, Farihah HS, Faizah O, Nazrun SA, Norazlina M, Norliza M, et al.

Clin Ter, 2011;162(4):313-8.
PMID: 21912818

Osteoporosis is a proven complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Concern on glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis has increased dramatically in recent years with the widespread use of synthetic glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid action in bone depends upon the activity of 11βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11βHSD1). This enzyme plays an important role in regulating corticosteroids by locally interconverting cortisone into active cortisol. This has been demonstrated in primary cultures of human, mouse or rat osteoblasts. Therefore, inhibition of this enzyme may reduce bone resorption markers. Piper sarmentosum (Ps) is a potent inhibitor of 11βHSD1 in liver and adipose tissue. In this study we determined the effect of Ps on 11βHSD1 activity in bones of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
In vivo antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf

Zakaria ZA, Abdul Hisam EE, Rofiee MS, Norhafizah M, Somchit MN, Teh LK, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2011 Sep 2;137(2):1047-54.
PMID: 21802502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.038

Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments, including ulcers. In order to establish pharmacological properties of the leaf of Bauhinia purpurea, studies were performed on antiulcer activity of the plant's aqueous extract.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Lack of hepato- and nephrotoxicity induced by antifungal drug voriconazole in laboratory rats

Somchit N, Chung JH, Yaacob A, Ahmad Z, Zakaria ZA, Kadir AA

Drug Chem Toxicol, 2012 Jul;35(3):304-9.
PMID: 22288423 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.614619

Voriconazole is a new, potent broad-spectrum triazole systemic antifungal drug, a second-generation azole antifungal that is increasing in popularity, especially for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and fluconazole-resistant invasive Candida infections. However, it is also known to induce hepatotoxicity clinically. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity potential of voriconazole in vivo in rats. Forty rats were treated intraperitoneally with voriconazole as single (0, 10, l00, and 200 mg/kg) or repeated (0, 10, 50, and l00 mg/kg per day for 14 days) doses. Venous blood was collected for the repeated-dose group on days 1 and 14. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose. Body weight, liver weight, and kidney weight of rats were recorded. Livers and kidneys samples were taken for histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Results revealed that voriconazole had no effects on serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphotase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine for both the single- and repeated-dose groups. However, histologically, in the repeated 50- and 100-mg/kg voriconazole-treated rats, mild focal inflammation was observed. Under TEM, only small changes in the 100 mg/kg/day group were revealed. These results collectively demonstrated that voriconazole did not induce significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, even at very high doses.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Immunomodulatory activity of polyphenols derived from Cassia auriculata flowers in aged rats

John CM, Sandrasaigaran P, Tong CK, Adam A, Ramasamy R

Cell Immunol, 2011;271(2):474-9.
PMID: 21924708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.08.017

The immunomodulatory activity of Cassia auriculata (CA)-derived polyphenols was tested on aged rats. Rats (24-26 months old) were given CA polyphenols supplementation at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 28 days. Flow cytometry analysis of CA polyphenols-treated aged rats showed increased T and B cells percentage along with enhanced proliferation of splenocytes in both resting and LPS-stimulated cells. Increased percentage of pan T cells is further supported by an elevation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells. In terms of innate immune cell activity, CA polyphenol supplementation reduced the oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in response to PMA and Escherichia coli activation. Our results collectively show that polyphenols derived from CA boost T cell immunity by increasing the number of T cells and its sensitivity towards stimulants and decreasing ROS production by neutrophils that could potentially harm multiple biological systems in aged individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Andrographis paniculata ameliorates carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-dependent hepatic damage and toxicity: diminution of oxidative stress

Koh PH, Mokhtar RA, Iqbal M

Redox Rep., 2011;16(3):134-43.
PMID: 21801496 DOI: 10.1179/1351000211Y.0000000003

Andrographis paniculata (hempedu bumi) is a plant that possesses many medicinal values in treating several diseases and for health care maintenance. However, its hepatoprotective activity and mechanism of action have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of A. paniculata and its mechanism of action in rats. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) challenge of rats at a dose of 1.2 ml/kg body weight-induced oxidative stress in the liver. This was evidenced by augmentation in lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and depletion in the level of reduced glutathione (P < 0.05). Parrallel to these changes, CCl(4) challenge too, enhanced hepatic damage as evidenced by sharp increase in serum transaminases (e.g. alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) (P < 0.05). Additionally, the impairment of liver function corresponded to histolopathological changes. However, most of these changes were reversed in a dose-dependent fashion by pre-treatment of animals with A. paniculata (P < 0.05). The ability of A. paniculata to scavenge the 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was determined through its EC(50) value. The EC(50) value of A. paniculata was 583.60 ± 4.25 µg/ml. In addition, A. paniculata was found to contain 65.37 ± 1.20 mg/g total phenolics expressed as gallic acid equivalent. From these studies, it is concluded that A. paniculata could be used as a hepatoprotective agent and possesses the potential to treat or prevent degenerative diseases where oxidative stress is implicated.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
High-fructose feeding impacts on the adrenergic control of renal haemodynamics in the rat

Abdulla MH, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Abdullah NA, Hye Khan MA, Rathore HA

Br J Nutr, 2012 Jan;107(2):218-28.
PMID: 21733307 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511002716

The present study explored the hypothesis that a prolonged 8 weeks exposure to a high fructose intake suppresses adrenergic and angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated vasoconstriction and is associated with a higher contribution of α1D-adrenoceptors. A total of thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats received either 20 % fructose solution (FFR) or tap water (control, C) to drink ad libitum for 8 weeks. Metabolic and haemodynamic parameters were assessed weekly. The renal cortical vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME) and Ang II were determined in the presence and absence of BMY7378 (α1D-adrenoceptor antagonist). FFR had increased blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose, TAG and insulin. FFR expressed reduced renal vascular responses to adrenergic agonists and Ang II (NA: 50 %, PE: 50 %, ME, 65 %, Ang II: 54 %). Furthermore in the C group, the magnitude of the renal cortical vasoconstriction to all agonists was blunted in the presence of the low or high dose of BMY7378 (NA: 30 and 31 %, PE: 23 and 33 %, ME: 19 and 44 %, Ang II: 53 and 77 %), respectively, while in the FFR, vasoconstriction was enhanced to adrenergic agonists and reduced to Ang II (NA: 8 and 83 %, PE: 55 %, ME, 2 and 177 %, Ang II: 61 and 31 %). Chronic high fructose intake blunts vascular sensitivity to adrenergic agonists and Ang II. Moreover, blocking of the α1D-adrenoceptor subtype results in enhancement of renal vasoconstriction to adrenergic agonists, suggesting an inhibitory action of α1D-adrenoceptors in the FFR. α1D-Adrenoceptors buffer the AT1-receptor response in the renal vasculature of normal rats and fructose feeding suppressed this interaction.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of jering beans (Archidendron jiringa) in normal and diabetic rats

Shukri R, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Hamid AA

J Sci Food Agric, 2011 Nov;91(14):2697-706.
PMID: 21744354 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4516

Jering (Archidendron jiringa) is eaten in the tropics and traditionally extolled for treating diabetes, high blood pressure and eliminating bladder stones. Jering contains an unusual amino acid-djenkolic acid (S,S'-methylenebiscysteine)-which may form sharp crystals in the urinary tract, causing pain and haematuria. This study evaluates the beneficial and toxic effects of dietary jering on tissues and organs in normal and diabetic rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Evidence for the role of α1A-adrenoceptor subtype in the control of renal haemodynamics in fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rat

Abdulla MH, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Abdullah NA, Khan MA

Eur J Nutr, 2011 Dec;50(8):689-97.
PMID: 21373947 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0180-9

AIM: To explore the hypothesis that high fructose intake results in a higher functional contribution of α1A-adrenoceptors and blunts the adrenergically and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal vasoconstriction.
METHODS: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats received either 20% fructose solution [FFR] or tap water [C] to drink ad libitum for 8 weeks. The renal vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME) and Ang II was determined in the presence and absence of 5-methylurapidil (5-MU) (α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist) in a three-phase experiment (pre-drug, low- and high-dose 5-MU). Data, mean ± SEM were analysed by ANOVA or Student's unpaired t-test with significance at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: FFR exhibited insulin resistance (HOMA index), hypertension and significant increases in plasma levels of glucose and insulin. All agonists caused dose-related reductions in cortical blood perfusion that were larger in C than in FFR while the magnitudes of the responses were progressively reduced with increasing doses of 5-MU in both C and FFR. The degree of 5-MU attenuation of the renal cortical vasoconstriction due to NA, ME and Ang II was significantly greater in the FFR compared to C.
CONCLUSIONS: Fructose intake for 8 weeks results in smaller vascular response to adrenergic agonists and Ang II. The α1A-adrenoceptor subtype is the functional subtype that mediates renal cortical vasoconstriction in control rats, and this contribution becomes higher due to fructose feeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Glycyrrhizic acid improved lipoprotein lipase expression, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and lipid deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

Eu CH, Lim WY, Ton SH, bin Abdul Kadir K

Lipids Health Dis, 2010;9:81.
PMID: 20670429 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-81

The metabolic syndrome, known also as the insulin resistance syndrome, refers to the clustering of several risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidaemia is a hallmark of the syndrome and is associated with a whole body reduction in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme under the regulation of the class of nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpenoid saponin, is the primary bioactive constituent of the roots of the shrub Glycyrrhiza glabra. Studies have indicated that triterpenoids could act as PPAR agonists and GA is therefore postulated to restore LPL expression in the insulin resistant state.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (Rutaceae) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo

Yankuzo H, Ahmed QU, Santosa RI, Akter SF, Talib NA

J Ethnopharmacol, 2011 Apr 26;135(1):88-94.
PMID: 21354289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.020

Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (curry leaf) is widely used as a nephroprotective agent in kidney's infirmities among diabetics by the traditional practitioners in Malaysia. However, the latter role of curry leaf has been grossly under reported and is yet to receive proper scientific evaluation.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Association of elevated blood pressure and impaired vasorelaxation in experimental Sprague-Dawley rats fed with heated vegetable oil

Leong XF, Mustafa MR, Das S, Jaarin K

Lipids Health Dis, 2010;9:66.
PMID: 20573259 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-66

Poor control of blood pressure leads to hypertension which is a major risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to explore possible mechanisms of elevation in blood pressure following consumption of heated vegetable oil.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fulltext Role of excitatory amino acid input in rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in rats with obesity-induced hypertension

Suhaimi FW, Yusoff NH, Dewa A, Yusof AP

Acta Neurol Belg, 2010 Mar;110(1):57-64.
PMID: 20514927

Obesity is intimately associated with hypertension; increases in blood pressure are closely related to the magnitude of weight gain. The present study aims to determine whether the excitatory amino acid input to rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to elevated blood pressure in rats with diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280 to 300 grams were fed with a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) or moderately high-fat diet (32% kcal from fat) for 16 weeks. At week 16, rats on the moderate high-fat diet were segregated into obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats based on body weight distribution. Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in obesity-prone rats as compared to obesity-resistant and rats on a low-fat diet. Bilateral injection of kynurenic acid (KYN) (40 nM) into the RVLM of the obesity-prone rats reduced MAP to levels significantly different from those observed in rats on a low-fat diet and obesity-resistant rats (no change in MAP). At a lower concentration (4 nM), KYN injection did not produce any change in MAP in any group. The results obtained suggest that excitatory amino acid input to the RVLM does contribute to the development of hypertension in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
The effect of losartan and carvedilol on vasopressor responses to adrenergic agonists and angiotensin II in the systemic circulation of Sprague Dawley rats

Abdulla MH, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Khan MA, Anand Swarup KR, Johns EJ

Auton Autacoid Pharmacol, 2011 Jan-Apr;31(1-2):13-20.
PMID: 21166975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2010.00461.x

1 Interaction between renin-angiotensin (RAS) and sympathetic nervous systems (SNS) was investigated by examining the effect of cumulative blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) and adrenergic receptors in normal Sprague Dawley rats. 2 Rats were treated with losartan (10 mg/kg), carvedilol (5 mg/kg), or losartan plus carvedilol (10+5 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. On day 8, the animals were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone and prepared for systemic haemodynamic study. Dose-response relationships for the elevation of mean arterial pressure or change in heart rate (HR) in response to intravenous injections of noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME) and Ang II were determined. 3 Losartan or the combination of losartan with carvedilol blunted vasopressor responses to ME and Ang II. Dose-response relationships for agonist action on HR were significantly inhibited by all treatments except for the combination of losartan and carvedilol on the decrease in HR induced by PE. Carvedilol decreased vasopressor responses to NA, PE and Ang II, and HR responses to NA, ME and Ang II. Combination treatment produced similar effects to losartan on the vasopressor and HR responses but had a greater effect on vasopressor responses to ME and Ang II, and on HR responses to NA and Ang II than carvedilol alone. 4 It is concluded that peripheral vasoconstriction induced by Ang II is partly mediated by adrenergic action and that the vasopressor responses to adrenergic agonists depend on an intact RAS. These observations suggest an interactive relationship between RAS and SNS in determining systemic haemodynamic responses in 'normal' rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ketoprofen in palm oil esters nanoemulsion

Sakeena MH, Yam MF, Elrashid SM, Munavvar AS, Azmin MN

J Oleo Sci, 2010;59(12):667-71.
PMID: 21099145

Ketoprofen is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been used in the treatment of various kinds of pains, inflammation and arthritis. However, oral administration of ketoprofen produces serious gastrointestinal adverse effects. One of the promising methods to overcome these adverse effects is to administer the drug through the skin. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects from topically applied ketoprofen entrapped palm oil esters (POEs) based nanoemulsion and to compare with market ketoprofen product, Fastum(®) gel. The novelty of this study is, use of POEs for the oil phase of nanoemulsion. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were performed on rats by carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema test and carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia pain threshold test to compare the ketoprofen entrapped POEs based nanoemulsion formulation and market formulation. Results indicated that there are no significant different between ketoprofen entrapped POEs nanoemulsion and market formulation in carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema study and carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia pain threshold study. However, it shows a significant different between POEs nanoemulsion formulation and control group in these studies at p<0.05. From these results it was concluded that the developed nanoemulsion have great potential for topical application of ketoprofen.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Nuclear factor-kappa B as a promising target for selenium chemoprevention in rat hepatocarcinogenesis

Alwahaibi NY, Budin SB, Mohamed J, Alhamdani A

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010 Apr;25(4):786-91.
PMID: 20492335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06160.x

Selenium's molecular mechanism for cancer chemoprevention remains unknown. We aimed to study the gene expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), tumor growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and cyclin D1 and the effects of sodium selenite using preventive and therapeutic approaches in chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Effects of Momordica charantia on pancreatic histopathological changes associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in neonatal rats

Abdollahi M, Zuki AB, Goh YM, Rezaeizadeh A, Noordin MM

Histol Histopathol, 2011 01;26(1):13-21.
PMID: 21117023 DOI: 10.14670/HH-26.13

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of Momordica charantia (MC) fruit aqueous extract on pancreatic histopathological changes in neonatal STZ-induced type-II diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in one day Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats using a single intrapretoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (85 mg/kg body weight) and monitored for 12 weeks thereafter. The diabetic rats were separated into three groups, as follows: the diabetic control group (i.e. nSTZ), the diabetic group (i.e. nSTZ/M) - which was orally given 20 mg/kg of MC fruit extract, and the diabetic group (i.e. nSTZ/G) - that was treated with glibenclamide, 0.1 mg/kg for a period of four weeks. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the saphenous vein to measure the blood glucose and serum insulin level. The pancreatic specimens were removed and processed for light microscopy, electron microscopy examination and immunohistochemical study. The results of this study showed that MC fruit aqueous extract reduced the blood glucose level as well as glibenclamide and increased the serum insulin level in the treated diabetic rats (P<0.05). The fruit extract of MC alleviated pancreatic damage and increased the number of β-cells in the diabetic treated rats (P<0.05). Our results suggest that oral feeding of MC fruit extract may have a significant role in the renewal of pancreatic β-cells in the nSTZ rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Effects of glycyrrhizic acid on 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 βHSD1 and 2) activities and HOMA-IR in rats at different treatment periods

Chia YY, Yin YY, Ton SH, Kadir KB

Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 2010 Oct;118(9):617-24.
PMID: 19998240 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237703

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has been reported to inhibit postprandial blood glucose rise and 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11 βHSD1) activity. As not much work has been done on GA effects on 11 βHSD1 and 2 and HOMA-IR at different treatment periods, this work was conducted. 60 male Sprague Dawley rats fed AD LIBITUM were assigned into six groups of control and treated that were given GA at different duration namely 12, 24 and 48 h. Treated and control groups were intraperitoneally administered with GA (50 mgkg (-1)) and saline respectively. Blood and subcutaneous (ATS) and visceral adipose tissue (ATV), abdominal (MA) and quadriceps femoris muscle (MT), liver (L) and kidney (K) were examined. HOMA-IR in GA-treated rats decreased in all groups (P<0.05). In the 12-h and 24-h treated rats, 11 βHSD1 activities decreased in all tissues (P<0.05) except MA and MT (P>0.05) in the former and ATV (P>0.05) in the latter. However, 11 βHSD1 activities decreased significantly in all tissues ( P<0.05) in the 48-h treated rats. Significant decrease in 11 βHSD2 (P>0.05) activities were observed in the L of all treatment groups and K in the 24-h and 48-h treated rats (P<0.05). Histological analysis on ATS showed increase in the number of small-size adipocytes while ATV adipocytes showed shrinkage after GA administration. Increased glycogen deposition in the L was observed in the GA-administered rats in all the treatment periods. In conclusion, GA treatment showed a decrease in the HOMA-IR and both 11 βHSD1 and 2 activities in all tissues, with more profound decrease in the 48-h treated rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley
The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the morphological characteristics of spinal motoneurons

David P, Subramaniam K

Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol., 2009 Sep;85(9):791-9.
PMID: 19452514 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20593

Clinical studies and research in animals have established that alcohol consumption during pregnancy produces irreversible developmental anomalies. Deficits in fine motor performance are often noted in infants diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome. However, the effects of alcohol on the spinal motoneurons have not been examined. In this study, the morphometric alterations in spinal motoneurons were assessed as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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